Dehenya rinoumba bhonzo musoro wemusoro. Iri bhonzo bhokisi rine huropi, rinopera padanho remusana. Dehenya iri rinoumbwa nemapfupa masere, akabatanidzwa pamwechete nemajoini anonzi ma suture.

Dehenya iri rinosanganisira makumi maviri nemaviri mapfupa akapatsanurwa kuita mapoka maviri: mapfupa edehenya nemapfupa echiso. Mafupa edehenya chairo masere muhuwandu.

Dehenya iri bhonzo bhokisi rine ovoid chimiro. Izwi rokuti dehenya rinouya, etymologically, kubva pazwi rechiLatin cranium zvichireva "dehenya", iro pacharo rakakweretwa kubva kushoko rechiGiriki skull. Iine huropi uye inopera padanho remusana. Iyo inoumbwa nemakumi maviri nemaviri emabhonzo (kusingaverengwa maoseti ekunzwa), kusanganisira mapfupa masere anoumba dehenya pacharo uye gumi nemana mapfupa echiso.

Dehenya saka rinogara pane chepamusoro chikamu chemuzongoza. Iyo inoumbwa, zvakanyatsonaka ye:

• mana kunyange mapfupa: iwo maviri epanyama mapfupa uye maviri parietal mapfupa;
• mapfupa mana asinganzwisisike: ayo anokonzeresa kumberi, iyo occipital (iyi ine gomba rinoita kuti zvikwanisike kutaurirana nekoramu yemuzongoza), iyo sphenoid (yakaiswa pazasi pehenya) uye ethmoid inogadzira pasi pekuputika kwemhino . 

Aya mapfupa akabatanidzwa pamwechete nemajoini anonzi sutures.

Mberi

Iyo yekumberi chikamu chedehenya, inonzi huma, inoumbwa nepamberi pfupa. Izvi zvine denga remasoketi eziso, pamwe neakawanda epamberi cranial fossa.

Mapfupa eParietal

Mazhinji ematunhu ekumusoro uye epamusoro enzvimbo yedehenya anoumbwa nemapfupa maviri eparietal. Iwo protrusions uye depressions ivo anosanganisira anosimudzira kupfuura kwemitsipa yeropa iyo inodiridza iyo dura, nyama inovhara uropi.

iyo temporaux

Patembere, mapfupa maviri epanyama anoumba zvikamu zvepazasi uye zvepamusoro zvehenya. Tembere inzvimbo yedehenya yakakomberedza nzeve.

the occiput

Iko occipital bone inoumba chikamu chekuseri kwemusoro: saka chinoumbwa nechikamu chakakosha kwazvo che posterior cranial fossa.

sphenoid

Iyo sphenoid bone ine wedge chimiro. Iyo inoumba dombo rekona repasi pehenya. Chokwadi, inotaura nemapfupa ese ehenya uye inoachengeta munzvimbo. Muchokwadi, inotaura pamberi nepfupa repamberi pamwe neiyo ethmoid bone, gare gare nemapfupa epasi, uye kumashure neiyo occipital bone.

ethmoids

Iyo ethmoid bone, yakatumidzwa zita rayo kuti fananei nesefa, saka ine chimiro chechipanji. Ipfupa rakapfava reiyo cranial fossa. Iwo marina akavharwa eiyi ethmoid bone inoumba denga remhino.

Basa remapfupa ehenya ndere kuchengetedza uropi. Uye zvakare, ivo zvakare vanoita kuti zvive nyore kudzikamisa chinzvimbo chehuropi, ropa uye lymphatic midziyo, kuburikidza nemamenji ayo akabatana nechiso chavo chemukati. Uye zvakare, zviso zvekunze zvemapfupa ehenya zvinoshanda sechinhu chinopinza tsandanyama dzinobvumira kufamba kwenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemusoro.

Zvakare, zviso zvekunze zvemapfupa ehenya zvinoshandawo mukuratidzwa kwechiso. Aya mapfupa akasiyana anoumba dehenya pamwe nechiso zvakare zvine basa rekutsigira uye kuchengetedza nhengo dzepfungwa dzakadai seidzi:

• chiratidzo;
• bata;
• iyo gustation; 
• olfation;
• kunzwa;
• uye kuenzanisa.

Pamusoro pezvo, dehenya iri rine foramina, inzvimbo dzakatenderedzwa dzekufamba, pamwe nekutsemuka: izvi zvinobvumira tsinga dzeropa netsinga kuti dzipfuure.

Zvakawanda zvakashata uye pathologies zvinogona kukanganisa dehenya, kunyanya:

Skull fractures

Dzimwe njodzi dzinogona kukonzera maronda mudehenya, anosanganisira kutsemuka kana dzimwe nguva kutsemuka, ari maronda mashoma. Kutsemuka kwedehenya ipfupa rakatyoka rakatenderedza huropi. Kutsemuka kunogona kana kusabatanidzwa nekukuvara kwehuropi.

Zviratidzo zvekutyoka kwedehenya zvinogona kusanganisira kurwadziwa uye, nemamwe marudzi ekupwanyika, kuyerera kwemvura kuburikidza nemhuno kana nzeve, dzimwe nguva kupwanya kuseri kwenzeve kana kutenderedza maziso.

Kutsemuka kwemadehenya kunogona kukonzerwa nemaronda anobaya ganda, ayo anozove maronda akavhurika, kana asingabaye, uyezve ndiwo maronda akavharwa.

Zvirwere zvepfupa

Tumor 

Chero chingave chakaipa kana chakaipa, mamota edehenya bone anogona kuoneka uye aya mamota kana pseudotumors anowanzo kuwanikwa zvinowanzoitika. Muchokwadi, mune yakawanda kwazvo kesi ivo vanozove vane benign. Ivo dzimwe nguva vanoenderanawo nemaatomical akasiyana.

Chirwere chePage

Icho chirwere chisingaperi chemapfupa chemafupa. Nzvimbo dzemapfupa emapundu anotarisana nehutachiona kugadzirisa. Izvi zvinokonzera hypertrophy, pamwe nekushaya simba kwepfupa. Muchokwadi, sekuwedzera kwemapfupa uye kuumbwa, mapfupa anova mukobvu kupfuura zvakajairwa, asi zvakare kusimba.

Ichi chirwere chinowanzo asymptomatic asi kurwadziwa kunogona dzimwe nguva kuitika uye hypertrophy inogona kuoneka mumapfupa, pamwe nekushanduka. Dzimwe nguva kurwadziwa kunogona kudzika uye kuwedzera mukati mehusiku.

Skull fractures

Mazhinji dehenya rakatsemuka rinoda kutariswa zviri nyore muchipatara uye haridi chero kurapwa chaiko. Zvisinei, kuvhiyiwa kunogona, mune dzimwe nguva, kubvumira kubviswa kwemitumbi yekunze uye / kana kutsiva zvidimbu zvehenya. Zvakare, vanhu vane pfari vanoda maanticonvulsants.

Bone tumors

Mazhinji asina-kenza mapundu mapfupa anobviswa nekuvhiyiwa kana kurapwa. Kazhinji, havawonekizve. Kana ari maronda akaipa, anowanzorapwa nemushonga unobva pakuvhiya pamwe nekemotherapy uye radiotherapy.

Chirwere chePage

Kurapa kwechirwere ichi kutanga kune zvese pakurapa kurwadziwa pamwe nematambudziko. Mune varwere vasina chiratidzo, dzimwe nguva hazvidi kurapwa. 

Uye zvakare, mamorekuru emishonga anogona kubatsira kudzikamisa kufambira mberi kwechirwere, kunyanya diphosphonates: aya mamorekuru anodzivisa kutendeuka kwemapfupa. Dzimwe nguva jekiseni recalcitonin rinogona kupihwa asi rinongoshandiswa chete kana mimwe mishonga isingakwanise kupihwa.

Chekupedzisira, varwere vanofanirwa kudzivirira kuzorora kwakanyanya kwemubhedha kudzivirira hypercalcemia. Uye zvakare, iyo pfupa rinomutsidzirwa nekukasira, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi chekuwanika kwakakwana kwecalcium uye mavhitamini.

Skull fractures

Kuongorora densitometry kuchabvumidza kuongororwa kwekutsemuka kwedehenya. Chokwadi, vanachiremba vanotungamirirwa kufungidzira kutyoka kwedehenya zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, zviratidzo uye kuongororwa kwekiriniki kwevarwere vakasangana neshungu dzemusoro.

Maitiro akanakisa ekusimbisa kuongororwa kwe dehenya kutsemuka kunoramba kuri computed tomography (CT), kuti isarudzwe pamusoro pemagineti resonance imaging (MRI). Muchokwadi, x-rays yedehenya haigone kubatsira kune vanhu vakakuvara musoro.

Bone tumors

Kuongororwa kwemarara maronda mupfupa rehenya rinobatanidza zviyero zvemakiriniki, senge zera, bonde kana mamiriro anoshungurudza kana ekuvhiya, ane hunhu hwechitarisiko chebundu.

Kuongorora kweradiology kunoenderana neiyo scanner uye MRI. Iyo scanner nokudaro inobvumira kuongorora kwakadzama kweshanduko mukuvakwa kwepfupa. Kana iri MRI, zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kutsvaga kupindirwa kwezvinyama zvishoma. Uye zvakare, iyo zvakare inobvumidza kuongororwa kwehunhu hunhu. Chekupedzisira, kusimbiswa ne biopsy kunogona kudikanwa mune dzimwe nguva.

Chirwere chePage

Ichi chirwere chinowanzo kuwanikwa netsaona, kunyanya panguva dze X-ray bvunzo kana kuongororwa kweropa kunoitwa zvimwe zvikonzero. Iko kuongororwa kunogona zvakare kufungidzirwa maererano nezviratidzo uye kuongororwa kwekiriniki.

Kuongororwa kwechirwere chePaget kunobva pane bvunzo dzinoverengeka:

• iyo x-ray icharatidza hunhu husina kujairika hwechirwere chePaget;
• marabhoritari miedzo ichapa mwero wealkaline phosphatase, enzyme inobatanidzwa mukuumbwa kwemapfupa maseru, calcium uye phosphate muropa;
• pfupa scintigraphy kuti uone mapfupa anokanganiswa.

Akawanikwa kuchamhembe kweChad muna Chikunguru 2001, dehenya raToumaï rakanyorwa makore 6,9 ​​kusvika 7,2 emakore apfuura. Iyo cranial kugona inofungidzirwa pakati pe360 uye 370 cm3, kana yakaenzana neiyo yemachimpanzi. Kuwedzera kune morphology yemapolarolars ayo uye mamolars, ane enamel mukobvu kupfuura chimpanzi, uye kumeso kwayo kwakapfupikiswa, iri chokwadi chigadziko chedehenya rayo rakaratidza kuti hominid iyi ndeyebazi revanhu, uye kwete iyo chimpanzi. kana gorira.

Chokwadi, hwaro hwe dehenya iri hwakawanikwa naAhounta Djimdoumalbaye (nhengo yeFranco-Chadian Paleoanthropological Mission, kana MPFT, inotungamirwa naMichel Brunet) inopa gomba re occipital munzvimbo yatove yepamberi. Uye zvakare, iyo occipital kumeso yakanyanya kurerekera kumashure. Iro zita "Toumaï", zvinoreva kuti "tariro yehupenyu" mumutauro weGoran, rakapihwa neMutungamiriri weRepublic of Chad.