Sorghum

tsananguro

Tsanga dzakadai seMhunga (chiLatin Sorghum, zvinoreva kuti “kusimuka”), inozivikanwa sechinhu chakasvibirira chekugadzira mitsvairo yemhando yepamusoro nekuda kwehunde rayo rakareba uye rakasimba.

Nyika yekudyara yegore rino iEast Africa, uko chirimwa ichi chakarimwa muzana ramakore rechina BC. Muti uyu wakapararira zvakanyanya muIndia, kondinendi yeEuropean, Asia, neAmerica.

Nekuda kwekushomeka kwayo kune yakaoma uye inopisa mamiriro ekunze, mhunga kwave kwenguva refu chiri chakakosha chikafu chikafu uye ichiri chikuru sosi yekudya kune vanhu vekondinendi yeAfrica.

Nhasi mapfunde ndechimwe chezvirimwa zvishanu zvinozivikanwa pasi rese uye awana chishandiso munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzekuita kwevanhu. Iyi tsika inokura zvakanaka kumatunhu ekumaodzanyemba.

Sorghum nhoroondo

Sorghum inozivikanwa sembeu yezviyo kubvira kare. Sekureva kwaLinnaeus naVntra, kuIndia, nzvimbo yekuzvarirwa sadza, ivo vairima makore 3000 BC.

Nekudaro, hapana sango reKindred rakawanikwa muIndia. Naizvozvo, iyo botanist yekuSwitzerland A. Decandol anoda kutenda kuti mhunga dzinobva kuEquatorial Africa, uko kwakanyanya mhando dzemhando yemuti uyu iko zvino kwanyanya. Mamwe maAmerican masayendisiti anoteerera kune imwecheteyo maonero. Mhunga inozivikanwa muChina kubvira 2000 BC. e.

Nekudaro, hapana kuwirirana pane kwakatangira mhunga. Mumwe anogona kungofungidzira kuti kuberekwa kwetsika iyi kunoenderana ne Africa, India, neChina, uko kurima kwakamuka zvakazvimiririra. Zvinyorwa zveGerman zvakare zvinoratidza kuti mhunga ndeye polyphyletic mavambo ane angangoita maviri mavambo - equatorial Africa neAbyssinia. India inonzi zvakare nzvimbo yechitatu.

Europe

Mhunga yakaonekwa muEurope nguva yakazotevera. Zvakadaro, iko kwekutanga kutaurwa kwaro kune basa raPliny Mukuru (23-79 AD) "Natural History," uko kunoonekwa kuti mhunga yakaunzwa kuRoma ichibva India. Chirevo ichi chakanyanya kufungidzira.

Vazhinji vaongorori vanoona zuva rapashure remapfunde kupinda mukondinendi yeEuropean - zana ramakore regumi nemashanu pakaunzwa kubva kuIndia nemaGeneese nemaVenetians. Yakanga iri pakati pemazana emakore XV-XVI. Kudzidza nekuparadzirwa kwetsika dzemhunga muEurope kunotanga. Muzana ramakore XVII. Sorghum akaunzwa kuAmerica. Sezvakakurudzirwa nemasayendisiti eAmerica neSoviet, mhunga yakapinda mukati mevanhu vemunharaunda vakatapwa muhuranda kubva kuEquatorial Africa.

Nyika yakapararira

Nekudaro, yatove muzana XVII century. Sorghum yaive nemukurumbira kumakondinendi ese, asi nzvimbo dzayo huru dzekurima dzaive dzichiri India, China, neEquatorial Africa. Ikoko kwakatarisana kupfuura 95% yezvose kugadzirwa kwepasirese kwechirimwa ichi. Kufarira mhunga muEurope neAmerica kwakatanga kuzviratidza chete muhafu yepiri yezana ramakore rechi19, panguva yekutorwa kwayo kwechipiri kubva kuChina kuenda kuFrance nekuAmerica. Sekureva kwaAG Shapoval, muna 1851, mumiriri weFrance akaunza mbeu imwe yemhunga kubva kuchitsuwa cheZung-Ming; wakakushwa muFrance ndokugamuchira mbeu mazana masere. Muna 800, mbeu idzi dzakapinda muAmerica.

1851 mutengesi weChirungu Leonard Vreidrie Hal kuenda kuSouth America uye akatanga kufarira mhando dzakasiyana dzemhunga dzakarimwa nemaZulu neKaffirs. Muna 1854 akadyara marudzi gumi nematanhatu etsika iyi yaakauya nayo kuItari, Spain neFrance. Aya marudzi e kaffir sorghum akauya kuAmerica muna 16 uye akatanga kupararira mumatunhu eCarolina neGeorgia.

Mhunga inokura sei

Sorghum inongova isingafadzi kupisa-inoda chero chirimwa chine musosi wakadzika midzi.

Hazvina kuoma kukura chirimwa ichi nekuti chinoratidza goho rakanaka, hachinyanyo kuomerera pakuumbwa kwevhu, uye chinogona kukura kunyangwe mumiganhu yepasi pemamiriro. Izvo chete zvakashata ndezvekuti hazvitenderi chando zvakanaka.

Asi mhunga inorwisa zvakakwana kusanaya kwemvura, inopesana nezvipembenene zvakawanda zvinokuvadza nezvirwere; nokudaro, kazhinji, hazvidi kushandiswa kwemishonga inodhura.

Maumbirwo uye macalorie zvemukati

• Mapuroteni 11g
• Mafuta 4g
• Carbohydrate 60g

Iyo koriori yezvirimwa zvezviyo Sorghum ndeye 323 kcal pa100 gramu yechigadzirwa.

Iine zvinhu zvinotevera zvinobatsira: calcium; potasium; phosphorus; sodium; magnesium; mhangura; selenium; zinc; iron; manganese; molybdenum. Mavhitamini aripowo mumhunga. Iyo simiti yakafumiswa pamwe neanotevera mavitamini mapoka: B1; AT 2; AT 6; Kubva; PP H; folic acid.

Hutano mabhenefiti emhunga

Mhunga inogona kuva chena, yero, shava, uye nhema. Zvakanakira porridge kubva kuzviyo zvakadaro zvakaoma kufungidzira. Sezvambotaurwa, mhunga idura remavitamini, uye kutanga kwezvose - mavhitaminzi eboka I.

Thiamine (B1) ine pundutso pamabasa ehuropi uye nepamusoro chiitiko chekutya. Iyo zvakare inosimudzira gastric secretion, uye moyo mhasuru basa rinowedzera chishuwo uye rinowedzera mhasuru toni. Sorghum inodarika mimwe mizhinji yezviyo zvezviyo maererano neriboflavin (B2) zvemukati. Vitamin iyi inotsigira ganda nezvipikiri hutano uye bvudzi kukura. Pakupedzisira, pyridoxine (B6) inomutsa metabolism.

Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, mhunga inoyevedza antioxidant. Iyo polyphenolic compounds inosanganisirwa mukuumbwa kwayo inosimbisa immune system, inodzivirira muviri kubva pasimba rezvakashata zvezvakatipoteredza zvinhu. Vanodzivisawo zvinokonzerwa nedoro nefodya. Kazhinji, masayendisiti anotenda kuti blubhebheri ndiro rinotungamira mune zvine polyphenol zvemukati.

Muchokwadi, kune 5 mg yezvibereko izvi pa100 g yebhuruu uye 62 mg pa100 g yemhunga! Asi mhunga yezviyo ine imwe, asi yakakosha kudzikisira - yakaderera (ingangoita makumi mashanu muzana) kugaya. Izvi zvinofungidzirwa chaizvo kune yakawedzera huwandu hwemakanzuru akadzikiswa (boka remakemiclic compounds).

Sorghum protein, kafirin inobata kwete chaizvo nyore. Kune vafudzi vari munyika umo sadza ndicho chirimwa chikuru, kuwedzera kugaya kwezviyo zvemhunga idambudziko guru.

Kukuvadza uye kupesana

Vanachiremba havakurudzire kushandisa mhunga kana iwe uri hypersensitive kune ichi chigadzirwa.

Kushandiswa kwemapfunde

Zviyo zvemhunga zvakashandiswa zvakanyanya sechinhu chisina kugadzirwa pakugadzira chikafu: zviyo, starch, uye furawa, kubva kwazviri zviyo, matirobhu. Vanhu vanoishandisa zvakare kubheka chingwa, pre-kuisanganisa neupfu hwegorosi yeiri nani viscosity.

Iyo starch inotorwa kubva mumiti iyi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mupurp uye indasitiri yemapepa, kuchera uye maindasitiri emachira, uye mushonga. Panyaya yemastarch content, sadza rinopfuura kana chibage, zvoita kuti zvive nyore zvikuru kurima.

Mashuga akasiyana emhunga ane anosvika makumi maviri muzana shuga chaiyo (kuwanda kwayo kuri mumadzinde pakarepo mushure mechikamu chemaruva).

Kubika kunyorera

Sorghum ine isina kwayakarerekera, inotapira zvishoma mune dzimwe nguva, saka inogona kuve inogoneka chigadzirwa kune akasiyana siyana ezvekudya. Ichi chigadzirwa chinowanzo kuve chakabikwa chekugadzira starch, hupfu, zviyo (couscous), chikafu chevana, uye doro.

Lemonrass inozivikanwa nekuda kwekunhuhwirira kwayo kwecitrus muCaribbean uye kuAsia chikafu chegungwa, nyama, hove, uye mwaka wezvirimwa. Vanobatanidza zviyo negariki, mhiripiri inopisa, ginger. Ndimu yemhunga inowedzerwa mumuto, masobho, zvinwiwa. Mhunga yeshuga inogadzira manyuchi anonaka, manyuchi, jamu, uye zvinwiwa zvakadai sedoro, mead, kvass, uye vodka.

Sezvineiwo, ichi ndicho chete chirimwa chine jisi rinenge 20% shuga. Kubva pachirimwa chezviyo ichi, zviyo zvinovaka muviri uye zvinonaka, makeke akatsetseka, uye zvigadzirwa zvemakofi zvinowanikwa.

Mhunga mu cosmetology

Iyo mushoma, pamwe nejusi remhunga, inoshanda muzvizoro seyakagadzirisa uye inosimbisa mumiririri. Ichi chinongedzo chakapfuma mumapepeptidi akaomarara, polyepoxides, uye sucrose. Izvo zvemukati mepolphenolic makemikari (kunyanya anthocyanins) zvakapetwa kagumi kupfuura bhuruu. Iyo zvakare ine amino acids, phenolcarboxylic acids, pentaoxiflavan uye zvisingawanzo mavitamini (PP, A, B10, B1, B2, B5, H, choline) uye macroelements (phosphorus, magnesium, potasium, calcium, iron, mhangura, silicon).

Kupa chiriporipocho uye panguva imwechete kusimudza mhedzisiro, muto wemhunga unogadzira inochinjika, inotambanudzwa firimu paganda pamusoro. Kunze kwezvo, zvinomisikidza zororo diki uye rakakura pamusoro peganda, zvichisiya ganda rakashama, rakatsetseka, uye richipenya. Izvo zvakakoshawo kuti mhedzisiro yemhunga yematehwe paganda yakareba zvakakwana: peptides akaomarara anopa maitiro aya mukuumbwa kwawo.

Muromo wemhunga

Kutorwa kwesorghum kunobatsira kuwana mutsindo unopinza wekupenya kwakanyanya. Panguva imwecheteyo, chinhu ichi zvakare chinopa chinozorodza mhedzisiro, iyo pamwe chete inopa chirevo chekudzorerazve simba nekushandisa kushoma. Izvo zvave kuzivikanwawo munguva pfupi yapfuura kuti dhonza remhunga rinokwanisa kuratidzira anti-kupisa chiitiko.

Izvo zvikamu zvevhu zvemhunga zvakapfuma mumapuroteni uye zvimwe zvakakosha bioactive zvikamu. Naizvozvo, iwo ndeimwe sosi yekuwedzera yezvigadzirwa zvemasikisi, kunyanya kugadzirwa kwemamwe mapepeptidi (hydrolysates). Mune ongororo ichangoburwa, masayendisiti akavabata nemaproteolytic enzymes ayo anoputsa mapuroteni kuva peptides. Zvakazoitika kuti peptide hydrolysates ainyatsoenderana nehunhu hweganda fibroblasts uye akaderedza enzymes anoparadza collagen uye elastin.

Mhunga porridge rine bhinzi dema, amaranth neavocado

Ingredients

• Cilantro yakagurwa (coriander) 70 g
• Nyemba nhema 450 mashupuni
• Mafuta eCanola 1 punipuni
• Yakagadzirwa minced garlic 3 clove
• Salt to taste
• Mhunga manyuchi 150 ml
• Avocado 1 chidimbu
• Feta chizi kuravira
• Hanyanisi 1 musoro

Cooking

1. Chinjana bhinzi yakashambidzwa mundiro uye wedzera 200 ml. mvura kwemaawa mana, hapasisina. Usadonhedze mvura.
2. Muchikanda chikuru, pisa mafuta uye isa hanyanisi. Saute kwemaminetsi mashanu, uchimbopota uchikurudzira, kusvikira nyoro, wobva wawedzera hafu yegariki yakachekwa uye gadzirira imwe miniti. Isa bhinzi nemvura; mvura inofanira kuvafukidza ne 5-1 cm; kana zvishoma - wedzera imwe mvura uye nemota.
3. Deredza kupisa kusvika pasi, bvisa chero furo rinowoneka, wedzera coriander, kufukidza uye simmer kweawa imwe.
4. Wedzera 2-3 mashupuni emunyu kuravira, zvasara gariki, uye korianderi. Simira kweimwe 1 awa, kusvikira bhinzi dzave nyoro uye muto wakakora uye unonaka. Edzai nemunyu uye wedzera sezvazvinodiwa.
5. Ipo bhinzi iri kufashaira, bika sadza. Sukurudza zviyo uye kumhanyisa mupoto ine makapu matatu emvura. Wedzera munyu uye uuye kumota. Deredza kupisa, kuvhara, uye kumira kwemaminitsi makumi mashanu, kusvikira zviyo zvinyorova. Dhonza mvura yasara uye dzosera zviyo zvacho muhari. Vhara muvharo woisa parutivi kwechinguva.
6. Kana bhinzi dzave kugadzirira, sanganisa iwo neamaranth mashizha uye gadzirira imwe maminetsi gumi, kudzamara magidhi ave manyoro.
7. Gurai maruva mumabhodhoro matanhatu anoshandiswa, kukanda pamwe nebhinzi, uye amaranth. Shumira neacocado yakakoswa uye coriander. Kana iwe usina nzvimbo yakakwana, wedzera muto mudiki kana chakachekwa girini chili.
8. Fukidza ne feta cheese pamusoro uye shumira.