Mukati
Vaya vasingashiviriri kuita "kuvhima kwakanyarara" havagoni kumirira nguva huru yehowa uye vanoenda nebhasika kusango muchirimo.
Zvisinei, munyaya iyi, iwe unofanirwa kuchenjerera zvikuru: panguva ino hapana howa dzakawanda dzinodyiwa semuvhuvhu, kune ngozi yakawanda yekuunza kumba kune miviri ine chepfu ye fruiting, iyo inovanza nyore nyore semhando dzinodyiwa.
Ichi chinyorwa chinopa mapikicha, mazita uye tsananguro dzezvinodyiwa uye zvisingadyiwe zvechitubu howa zvinogona kuwanikwa mumasango ari pedyo neMoscow.
Kutora howa hwechitubu musango pedyo neMoscow (nevhidhiyo)
Howa hwechirimo mumisha hunozivikanwa, asi vagari vomumadhorobha nevemumadhorobha vanovaziva zvisina kunaka. Munguva iyi, unogona kuwana zvinonaka-zvinonaka zvakawanda, oyster howa uye howa dzezhizha. Nekudaro, zviri muchirimo kuti howa yekutanga hallucinogenic uye ine chepfu inooneka, semuenzaniso, mitsara yakajairika.
Mukutanga kwechirimo, apo chando chisati chanyunguduka zvachose uye zvigamba zvekutanga zvakanyungudutswa zvakaonekwa, autumn oyster mushroom inogona kuonekwa. Vanonzi autumn nokuti vanoonekwa mumatsutso, asi vanovanda pasi pechando munguva yose yechando. Vanogona kufananidzwa panguva yechando uye kutanga kwechirimo howa. Vanochengeta zvakanaka muchirimo. Mukutanga kwechirimo, mumasango emasango, unogona kuwana kwose kwose: strobiliuruses, sarcoscyphs, xerompholines.
Muchirimo, tinder fungi (May, variable) nemamwe marudzi akawanda anotanga kukura zvakanyanya mumasango.
Kufamba kwechitubu kana kukwira musango hakuna kunaka kune hutano chete, ivo zvakare vanokupa iwe kukurudzira kwesimba uye kumutsa simba remukati. Iyi nguva yakanaka zvakare nekuti hakuna umhutu uye nhunzi dzemhashu musango zvakadaro, uye hapana chinokutadzisa kunakidzwa nezvisikwa. Muchirimo iwe haugone kungonhonga howa chete, asiwo kunzwa kuimba kunoshamisa kweshiri, kunakidzwa nemifananidzo yekubhururuka kwadzo ikozvino, hono painosimuka, ichibhabhadzira mapapiro ayo uye ichiimba matrills ake anoshamisa.
Pakutanga kwemwaka wechirimo, hapana zvimwe zvipembenene zvinoyamwa ropa, asi zvikwekwe zvinotoonekwa muna Chivabvu, uye basa ravo rinonyanya kukwirira pakupera kwaMay uye pakutanga kwaJune, saka, panguva ino, iwe unofanirwa. kuva nehembe dzakasimba, ngowani kana hengechepfu, shandisa nzira dzakakodzera dzinopa pamuviri zvipfeko .
Vhidhiyo iyi inotaura zvakadzama nezve matsutso howa mumasango ari pedyo neMoscow:
Strobiliurus inodyiwa uye yekucheka
Mushure mokunge chando chanyunguduka, howa dzekutanga dzechitubu dzinodyiwa saizi yegumi-kopeck mari inooneka musango pamakoni anokunguruka uye pamarara espruce. Ivo vanonzi strobiliuruses. Howa hwekutanga kwechirimo uhu hunokura mumapoka. Kunyangwe strobiliurus ichidyiwa, haina kunyanya kunaka uye zvinonetsa kuiunganidza nekuda kwehukuru hwayo.
Mufananidzo uye tsananguro yechirimo strobilurus howa emhando dzakasiyana inoratidzwa pazasi:
Strobilurus inodyiwa, kana ine muto (Strobilurus esculentus).
Nzvimbo dzekugara: masango espruce, pane spruce litter kana pamakoni, inokura mumapoka.
Mwaka: kutanga howa, Kubvumbi-Chivabvu.
Iyo cap ndeye 1-2 cm mudhayamita, dzimwe nguva inosvika masendimita matatu, pakutanga convex, gare gare inogwadama, yakati sandara. Chinhu chakasiyana chemhando iyi heti yebrownish kana chestnut inotsvedza ine tubercle pakati uye mupendero wakatetepa. Ruvara rwepakati pekepisi rwakasvibira, rushava-ruvara.
Sezvauri kuona mumufananidzo, howa idzi dzechirimo dzine hunde dzakatetepa, 3-5 cm kureba uye 1-3 mm gobvu, cylindrical, yero kumusoro, yero-brown pazasi:
Chechipiri chinosiyanisa chimiro chemhando ndeye kuvapo kwehurefu hweshaggy midzi ine tambo dzemvere dzakatambanudzwa dzakananga kune cone.
Nyama yakachena, yakaonda, ine kunhuhwirira, kunhuhwirira zvishoma pakutanga, gare gare nekunhuhwirira kweherring.
Marekodhi epakati frequency, noted-akabatanidzwa, chena pakutanga, gare gare yero. Spore powder ichena.
Kusiyana: ruvara rwechivharo runosiyana kubva kune brownish kusvika kune brownish-brown.
Mhando dzakafanana. Edible strobiliurus yakafanana neiyo edible cutting strobiliurus (Strobilurus tenacellus), iyo inosiyaniswa nekapekisi yakawanda yero-brown cap.
Aya mahowa ekutanga echitubu anodyiwa, ari echikamu chechina. Chete heti dzechidiki dzinoshandiswa pakudya, dzakakangwa mushure mekubikira kwekutanga kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu.
Strobiliurus cuttings (Strobilurus tenacellus).
Mukuwedzera kune edible strobiliurus, kune zvakare inedible Lai, iyo inosiyaniswa nekunhuhwirira kweherring. Vanonzi cutting strobiliuruses.
Nzvimbo dzekugara: masango epaini nespruce, pamarara kana pamakoni, anokura mumapoka.
Mwaka wekuunganidza uhu howa hwechirimo: Chivabvu-Chikumi.
Iyo ngowani ndeye 0,7-1,5 masendimita muhupamhi, dzimwe nguva kusvika 2 cm, pakutanga convex, gare gare inogwadama, yakadzikama. Chinhu chakasiyana chemhando iyi heti yakatsvuka, yepinki-brown matte ine tubercle isina kujeka pakati, isina kuenzana uye ine mbabvu shoma shoma.
Hunde hwehowa uhu, hunokura muchirimo mudunhu reMoscow, hwakatetepa, 2-5 cm kureba uye 1-2,5 mm gobvu, cylindrical, cartilaginous, kazhinji pubescent pazasi, chena kumusoro, yero pazasi. Chechipiri chinosiyanisa chimiro chezvipenyu ndiko kuvapo kwehurefu hweshaggy midzi ine tambo dzemvere dzakatambanudzwa kune cone.
Tarisa pamufananidzo - iyo pulp yeaya howa, ayo anoonekwa pakati pekutanga muchirimo, akachena, akaonda:
Pakutanga, kunhuwa kwepepuru kunofadza, zvishoma herring, gare gare inova isingafadzi, zvishoma musty.
Marekodhi epakati frequency, noted-akabatanidzwa, chena pakutanga, gare gare yero. Spore powder ichena.
Kusiyana: ruvara rwechivharo runosiyana kubva kune brownish kusvika kune brownish-brown.
Mhando dzakafanana. Iyo yekucheka strobiliurus yakafanana neiyo edible strobilurus (Strobilurus esculentus), iyo inosiyaniswa neyakajeka chivharo chine rima rakasvibira-brown tint, yakawedzera ruvara ruvara, uye kunhuhwirira kushoma.
Aya ekutanga matsutso howa anoonekwa seanodyiwa zvine mamiriro nekuda kweiyo chaiyo herring hwema.
Spring xerompholin howa
Pakupera kwaApril uye pakutanga kwaMay, makoroni ekutanga ehowa anooneka, ayo anogara zvachose chigutsa chakaora kana hunde yakaora. Aya ndiwo, kutanga kune zvese, stem-senge xeromphalina (Xeromphalina cauticinalis). Idzi howa dzechitubu dzinokura mudunhu reMoscow dzakanaka, dzinoyeuchidza diki diki chanterelles ine hunde refu refu. Izvi zvishoma-zvinozivikanwa zvitunha zvezvibereko zvinogona kuonekwa pedyo nemigwagwa yenyika uye nzira, munzvimbo ine mvura.
Nzvimbo dzekugara: mumasango akasanganiswa uye coniferous, kukura mumapoka makuru pamakumbo akaora.
Mwaka: Chivabvu-Chikunguru.
Iyo ngowani ine dhayamita ye0,5-3 cm. Chinhu chakasiyana chezvipenyu iheti inopenya, inonamira yakapenya yero kana yeyero-orenji yakaita seamburera ine kakuora mwoyo pakati nepakati uye mitsetse yeradial kubva kumahwendefa anopenya.
Gumbo 2-6 cm kureba, 1-3 mm gobvu. Kubva pachivharo pane koni, ipapo tsinde yakanyorova, cylindrical, pinkish-brown kana yellowish-orange.
Mahwendefa ehowa aya, ayo ari pakati pekutanga kukura muchirimo, haawanzoitiki, pakutanga ane krimu, gare gare yellowish-creamy, achidzika mukoni pamwe chete nedzinde.
Nyama yakachena pakutanga, gare gare chiedza chero, brittle, chisina kunhuwa.
Variability. Rudzi rwekapu inosiyana kubva kuyero-orenji kusvika zai.
Mhando dzakafanana. Xerampholine dzinde-rakafanana neruvara rakafanana neoak hygrocybe (Hygrocybe quieta), iro zvakare rine ruvara rweyero-orenji, asi pane tubercle pacap.
Xerompholine howa hahudyike.
Chepfu Nhema Howa
Iwo howa akakura kwazvo echitubu ane chepfu mudunhu reMoscow issarufa-yero pseudo howa. Dzinokura mumapoka makuru pazvitunha uye hunde dzemiti yakawa. Kubva kure, vanotaridzika sehowa hwezhizha hunodyiwa, asi vanosiyana nesarufa-yellow ruvara rwepasi pekapu. Kazhinji kazhinji anowanikwa mumasango akasanganiswa umo spruce, birch, oak, uye aspen zvinokura.
Nzvimbo dzesarufa-yero yenhema furo (Hypholoma fasciculare): huni hunoora uye matanda ematanda akaoma uye conifers, kukura mumapoka makuru.
Nzvimbo dzekugara: huni hunoora uye matanda ematanda akaoma uye conifers, kukura mumapoka makuru.
Mwaka: Kubvumbi - Mbudzi
Iyo cap ine dhayamita ye2-7 cm, pakutanga hemispherical, gare gare convex. Chinhu chakasiyana chemhando iyi ndeyero yero kana yakareruka pinkish-brown convex-flat cap ine tubercle inooneka, ine ruvara rwezvidhinha rwakajeka.
Dzinde rakatetepa uye rakareba, rakakombama, 3-9 cm kureba, 3-8 mm mukobvu, rine ruvara rwakafanana nekavharo, kana kuti rakareruka zvishoma, rine yellowish tint, cylindrical, rakatetepa zvishoma pedyo nechigadziko, chine mavara mhete. Nheyo yehunde yakasviba - orange-brown.
Pulp: sarufa-yero, nyoro uye fibrous, nekunhuhwirira kusingafadzi uye kuravira kunorwadza.
Mahwendefa acho anowanzo, akafara, anonamatira, sarufa-yellow kana olive-brown.
Variability. Rudzi rwechivharo runosiyana kubva kune yero-brown kusvika kune sulfur-yellow.
Mhando dzakafanana. Iyo isingadyiki sarufa-yero yenhema huchi agaric inogona kuvhiringidzika neinodyiwa sulfur-yellow yenhema uchi agaric (Hypholoma capnoides), iyo inosiyana nemuvara wemahwendefa - grey grey, pamwe chete nemafuta akawanda ane yellowish-orange hat.
Howa uhu hune chepfu uye hune chepfu.
Kuunganidza psatirell howa musango muchirimo
Nzvimbo dzinogara grey-brown psatyrella (Psathyrella spadiceogrisea): ivhu, huni dzakaora uye zvigutsa zvemiti inodonha, inokura mumapoka.
Mwaka: Chivabvu - Gumiguru.
Iyo cap ine dhayamita ye 2-5 cm, pakutanga yakaita bhero, gare gare convex-yakapfugama ine blunt tubercle pakati. Chinhu chakasiyana cheichi chitubu chemhando yehowa ndeye grey-brown kapu ine radial fibrillation, inoita senge dashi dzakatetepa, pamwe nemwenje mutete muganho padivi pemupendero, ruvara rwakafanana mumhando dzechidiki uye nzvimbo dzakakura dzine mavara muhowa vakuru. Aya mazoni ndeemhando mbiri: yero-pinki pakati pekapu kana grey-brown pakati, uyezve, inenge iri pakati pepakati, yero-yesirivha yakatarisana nenzvimbo ine blurry edges.
Gumbo rine hurefu hwemasendimita 4-9, kukora kwe3 kusvika ku7 mm, cylindrical, yakakora zvishoma pasi, mhango, yakatsetseka, yakachena, mealy muchikamu chepamusoro.
Teerera kune iyo foto - pazasi, gumbo reichi chinodyiwa mushroom howa rakasviba, rakasvibira:
Pulp: mvura, chena, isina kusimba, yakaonda, ine kunakidza kunonaka uye kunhuhwirira kwakanaka kwehowa.
Mahwendefa anonamatira, kazhinji, akamanikana, tsvuku-tsvuku.
Variability. Rudzi rwechivharo runogona kusiyana kubva kune grey-brown kusvika tsvuku-tsvuku ine yellowish-pink mavara kana nzvimbo.
Mhando dzakafanana. Iyo grey-brown psatyrella yakafanana muchimiro uye saizi kune velvety psatyrella (Psathyrella velutina), iyo inosiyaniswa neyakatsvuka-buffy cap, yakafukidzwa nefibers, ichipa velvety kutaridzika.
Psatirrella howa inodyiwa, chikamu 4, mushure mekutanga kufashaira kwemaminetsi gumi nemashanu.
Zvadaro, iwe uchaona izvo humwe howa hunokura muchirimo.
edible collibia howa
Pakati nepakati paMay, mhando dzekutanga dze collibia dzinoonekwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kunyanya chestnut kana mafuta collibia. Aya mahowa madiki anokwezva nekutaridzika kwawo kunoshamisa, kunyangwe ari madiki muhukuru. Kunyangwe iwo achidyiwa, haakohwe nekuda kwehudiki hwawo uye yakaderera, yechina chikamu maererano nezvinovaka muviri.
Nzvimbo dzinogara chestnut collibia, kana dzine mafuta (Collybia butyracea): masango akavhengana uye ane coniferous, pamatanda pasi, pamatanda anoora. Howa uhu hunowanzokura mumapoka musango rechirimo.
Mwaka: Chivabvu - Gumiguru.
Chivharo chine dhayamita 3-8 cm, pakutanga hemispherical, gare gare convex ine denderedzwa tubercle uye yobva yagwadama netubu rakadzika uye rakasimudzwa kana convex mipendero. Chinhu chakasiyana chehowa hwechirimo chinonzi collibia iruvara rwechestnut-brown yekepisi ine tubercle yakati sandara yeruvara rwakasvibira rwebrown uye chiedza, ruomba kana mipendero yebrown.
Gumbo 4-9 masendimita kureba, mutete, 2-8 mm gobvu, cylindrical, yakatsetseka, yekutanga creamy, gare gare yakacheneruka. Nheyo yegumbo yakakora.
Nyama ine mvura, yakatetepa, yakapfava, yakacheneruka kana kuti yero, pakutanga haina hwema, gare gare ine kakunhuwirira kakuvhuvhu.
Mahwendefa acho ane kirimu kana yero, akakura-akakura. Pakati peadherent plates pane mapfupi mahwendefa emahara.
Kusiyana: ruvara rwechivharo runosiyana zvichienderana nekukura kwehowa, mwedzi uye kunyorova kwemwaka. Muvara unogona kuva chestnut-brown, kunyanya mukutanga kwezhizha, tsvuku-tsvuku ine tsvuku tsvuku, yakasviba-yakasviba nepakati yakasviba, grey-brown nemuorivhi tint, lilac-brown. Munguva yekunaya kwemvura, chivharo chinodzima kusvika kune toni dzakareruka dzeyero, kirimu, uye brown brown.
Mhando dzakafanana. Chestnut collibia yakafanana muchimiro uye kukura kune inodyiwa yehuni-loving collibia (Collybia dryophila), iyo inosiyana pakuti ine heti yakareruka.
Edibility: zvinodyika, asi zvinoda pre-kubika mumvura 2 kubvisa kunhuhwirira kwe mold. Ivo ndevechikamu chechina.
Inedible otidea howa
Sango rechirimo rinotiunzira zvinoshamisa. Chimwe chezvishamiso izvi inyasha otideas. Zita ravo rinotaura pacharo. Unofamba musango uye kamwe kamwe unoona nzeve dzakatetepa dzakaita yero-mashanga kana kuti tulips pauriri hwesango. Vanotiudza: tarisai, chii chakasiyana uye chakasiyana zvisikwa. Tichengetei!
Nzvimbo dzekugara dzenyasha otides (Otidea concinna): pasi pemasango mumasango akavhengana, achikura mumapoka.
Mwaka: Chivabvu - Mbudzi.
Muchero wemuchero une dhayamita ye2 kusvika ku8 cm, kureba kwe1 kusvika 6 cm. Kunze, howa idzi dzinowanzofanana muchimiro kune tulips. Kunze kwekunze kune rukuvhute kana upfu. Mukati mune yellow-brown.
Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo, aya ekutanga matsutso howa anokura mumapoka, akabatanidzwa negasi rimwe chete:
Nheyo yemuviri we fruiting yakaita semakumbo.
Pulp: brittle, rinenge gobvu, chiedza chero.
Variability. Rudzi rwemuviri wemichero runogona kusiyana kubva kune yakatsvuka kusvika kune yero-brown uye lemon yero.
Mhando dzakafanana. Iyo inoyevedza otidea yakafanana nepepire inoputika (Peziza vesiculosa), iyo inosiyaniswa nechimiro chayo chinoputika.
Akanaka otideas haadyike.
Iyi mapikicha anoratidza matsutso howa ari kukura mudunhu reMoscow:
