Mukati
Zvese nezve sturgeon: nzira dzekubata hove, zvidhori, kubereka uye nzvimbo dzekugara
Sturgeon marudzi akanyorwa muRed Book (IUCN-96 Red List, Appendix 2 yeCITES) uye ndeyoyo yekutanga yezvishoma - vanhu vakaparadzana vemarudzi akapararira ari mungozi.
Ndapota cherechedza kuti hove yesturgeon inogona kungobatwa mumvura yakabhadharwa.
Sturgeons imhando yakakura kwazvo ye semi-anadromous uye anadromous hove. Mhando dzakawanda dzehove dzekare dzinogona kusvika pahukuru hukuru, mamwe 6 m kureba uye huremu hunopfuura 800 kg. Kuonekwa kwemasturgeons hakukanganwiki uye kune maitiro akafanana. Muviri wehove wakafukidzwa nemitsara yezvikwambo. Maererano nezviratidzo zvekunze, sturgeons zvakafanana kune mumwe nemumwe. Pakati pemarudzi gumi nerimwe anogara muRussia, anogona kusiyanisa sterlet (ine kazhinji "miniature" saizi, anenge 1-2 kg) uye Amur kaluga (inosvika kurema kusvika tani 1).
Mune mamwe matunhu, artificially bred paddlefish, iyo isiri "yenzvimbo" yemvura yeRussia. Ivo zvakare ndeveiyo sturgeon order, asi ivo vari voga mumhuri yakaparadzana. Mhuka dzakawanda dzinoratidzwa neakaomesesa intraspecific maficha ekuvapo (sezvakaita mune yehove yesalmon); kubuda kwemadiki uye mafomu ekugara ari kutora chikamu mukubereka nehove dzeanadromous; kubereka kusiri kwepagore zvichingodaro. Mamwe marudzi anogona kuumba mafomu akasanganiswa, semuenzaniso, Siberian sturgeon inosanganiswa ne sterlet, uye iyo yakasanganiswa inonzi kostyr. Russian sturgeon inosanganiswawo ne spike, beluga, stellate sturgeon. Zvisikwa zvakawanda zvine hukama, asi kugara kure kure kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, zvinogona kuve nekusiyana kwakasimba kwemajini.
Sturgeon hove nzira
All sturgeon ihove dzedemersal chete. Nzvimbo yepasi yemuromo inoratidza nzira yavo yekudyisa. Mazhinji sturgeon ane chikafu chakasanganiswa. Kuredza kwekunakidzwa mumvura zhinji dzechisikigo kunorambidzwa kana kunyatsogadziriswa. Pamadziva ega ega, kubata hove kwesturgeon kunogona kuitwa uchishandisa giya rezasi uye rinoyangarara, chero chirauro chiri pazasi pechidziva. Vamwe vanoredza hove vanodzidzira hove. Zvakakodzera kukurukura nemuridzi wedhamu pachine nguva mamiriro ezvinhu umo kubata hove kunoitika. Paunenge uchibata hove uchibata-uye-kusunungura, ungangoda kushandisa zviredzo zvine minzwa. Mumatsutso uye muchirimo, pamitumbi yemvura "yemusango", sturgeon inogonawo kushingaira kubata jig uye mamwe mabheti ekuruka.
Kubata sturgeon pagiya rezasi
Usati waenda kudhamu uko sturgeon inowanikwa, tarisa mitemo yekuredza hove iyi. Kubata hove mumapurazi ehove kunodzorwa nemuridzi. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, kushandiswa kwehupi hwehupi hwepasi matanda uye zvokudya zvekudya zvinobvumirwa. Usati wabata hove, tarisa ukuru hwemikombe inokwanisika uye yakakurudzirwa chirauro kuitira kuti uzive inodiwa mutsara simba uye hoko saizi. Chinhu chakakosha pakubata sturgeon chinofanira kunge chiri mambure makuru ekumhara. Kuredza uye kunhonga kwakanakira vazhinji, kunyangwe vasina ruzivo vanobata hove. Vanobvumira mubati wehove kuti afambe-fambe padziva, uye nekuda kwekukwanisa kwekudya kwemavara, vanokurumidza "kuunganidza" hove panzvimbo yakapiwa. Feeder uye picker, semhando dzakasiyana dzemidziyo, ikozvino inosiyana chete mukureba kwetsvimbo. Hwaro ndiko kuvapo kwechirauro-chinonyura (feeder) uye matipi anochinjika patsvimbo. Misoro inoshanduka zvichienderana nemamiriro ekubata hove uye huremu hwekudyisa hunoshandiswa. Makonye akasiyana-siyana, nyama yegomba uye zvichingodaro anogona kushanda semuromo wekubata hove.
Iyi nzira yekubata hove inowanikwa kune wese. Tackle haidiwe zvekuwedzera zvishongedzo uye nyanzvi michina. Unogona hove munenge chero muviri wemvura. Ngwarira kusarudzwa kwevanodyisa muchimiro uye saizi, pamwe nemasanganiswa echirauro. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemamiriro ezvinhu emvura (rwizi, dziva, nezvimwewo) uye zvido zvekudya zvehove dzemunharaunda. Zvakakodzera kuyeuka kuti kuti ubudirire kubata sturgeon, pasina kuruma, zvinodikanwa kuti udzivise kungogara pakubata. Kana pasina kurumwa kwenguva yakareba, unofanirwa kushandura nzvimbo yekubata hove kana, zvirinani, shandura muromo uye chikamu chinoshanda chebhati.
Kubata sturgeon pagiya rekuyangarara
Zvishandiso zvekuyangarara zvekuredza sturgeon muzviitiko zvakawanda zviri nyore. Kuda kunofanira kupiwa kune tsvimbo ne "running equipment". Nekubatsirwa kwereel, zviri nyore kwazvo kutakura zvienzaniso zvakakura. Equipment uye mitsara yekubata hove inogona kunge ine yakawedzera simba zvivakwa - hove haina kunyatsongwarira, kunyanya kana dziva rine makore. Iyo tackle inofanira kugadziriswa kuitira kuti muromo uri pasi. Sezviri munyaya yetsvimbo yekudyisa, huwandu hukuru hwechirauro hunodiwa kuti ubudirire kubata hove. Matekiniki akajairika ekuredza akafanana nekuredza netsvimbo dzepasi. Kana pasina kurumwa kwenguva yakareba, unofanirwa kushandura nzvimbo yekubata hove kana muromo. Zvokudya zvinofarirwa nehove dzemunharaunda zvinofanirwa kuongororwa nevabati vehove vane ruzivo kana varongi vehove.
Kubata sturgeon nemagetsi echando
Sturgeon munguva yechando inoenda kunzvimbo dzakadzika dzemadziva. Pakubata hove, midziyo yepasi yechando inoshandiswa: zvose zvinoyangarara uye nod. Paunenge uchibata hove kubva muchando, kunyanya kunofanira kubhadharwa kuhukuru hwemakomba uye kutamba kwehove. Matambudziko anogona kubuda nekuda kwemaitiro emusoro uye chinzvimbo chemuromo. Simba uye kugadzirisa kubata pachando - imwe yenguva dzinokosha dzekuredza kwechando kune sturgeon.
Zviredzo
Sturgeon inobatwa pamhando dzakasiyana dzemhuka nemiriwo. Muzvisikwa, mamwe marudzi e sturgeon anogona kunyanya mune imwe mhando yechikafu. Izvi zvinoshanda kumarudzi emvura yakachena. Nezvemapurazi etsika, hove dzinoratidzwa ne "menu yakasiyana-siyana", kusanganisira iyo yemiti yakabva. Kudya kunoenderana nechikafu chinoshandiswa nevaridzi vedura. Nyeredzo dzakanakidzwa zvakanyanya uye zviredzo zvinokurudzirwa kubata hove dzesturgeon. Chiropa, nyama yehove dzakasiyana-siyana, shrimp, shellfish, fry, pamwe nepizi, mukanyiwa, chibage, nezvimwewo zvinoshandiswa pazviredzo. Uye chikafu chechisikigo chesturgeons vamiririri vakasiyana-siyana vepasi benthos, makonye, mago uye mamwe manyoka asina mutsara.
Nzvimbo dzekuredza uye dzekugara
Mhando dzakawanda dzesturgeon dzinogara munzvimbo inodziya yeEurasia neNorth America. Sakhalin sturgeon inogara munharaunda yePacific, iyo inouya kuzoberekera munzizi: zvose zviri mukati uye nzvimbo yechitsuwa. Mhando dzakawanda dzinoenda kugungwa kunodya. Kune zvakare mhando dzemvura yakachena dzinogara mumadziva uye dzinoita mapoka anogara munzizi. Nhamba huru yesturgeon inogara mugungwa reCaspian Sea (inenge 90% yezvikamu zvose zvemarudzi aya munyika). Sturgeons inosarudza nzvimbo dzakadzika, asi zvichienderana nemamiriro emvura uye zvokudya (pasi benthos, molluscs, nezvimwewo), vanogona kutama vachitsvaga kuunganidza zvokudya. Munguva yechando, vanoungana mumakomba echando munzizi.
Kubereka
Kubereka kwe sturgeon kwakanyanya. Vanhu vakuru vanogona kubereka mazai mamiriyoni akawanda, kunyange zvazvo marudzi akawanda e sturgeon ari pedyo nekutsakatika. Izvi zviri kukonzerwa nemamiriro akaita ecology munharaunda yekugara nekuvhima zvisiri pamutemo. Sturgeon spawning inoitika muchirimo, asi nguva yekuberekesa kutama yakaoma uye yakananga kune yega yega mhuka. Mapoka echamhembe ecological anokura zvishoma nezvishoma, kukura kwepabonde kunogona kuitika chete pamakore 15-25 ezera, uye kuwanda kwekubereka. - 3-5 makore. Kumarudzi ekumaodzanyemba, nguva iyi inobva pamakore gumi-10.