Vanhu vanga vachidya nyama kubva kuIce Age. Yakanga iri panguva iyoyo, maererano neanthropologists, kuti murume akatama kubva pakudya kwezvirimwa ndokutanga kudya nyama. Iyi "tsika" yakaramba iripo nanhasi - nekuda kwekudikanwa / semuenzaniso, pakati peEskimos /, tsika kana mararamiro. Asi kazhinji, chikonzero chacho kunongova kusanzwisisa.
Mumakore makumi mashanu apfuura, nyanzvi dzehutano dzine mukurumbira, vezvekudya uye biochemists vakawana humbowo hunogutsa hwekuti kuti ugare uine hutano, hazvidi zvachose kudya nyama, pane zvinopesana, kudya kunogamuchirwa kune zvikara kunogona kukuvadza munhu. Maiwe, vegetarianism, yakavakirwa chete pazvinzvimbo zvehuzivi, kashoma kuva nzira yehupenyu. Naizvozvo, ngatisiyei padivi chikamu chemweya chezvekudya kwezvinomera panguva ino - akawanda-mavhoriyamu mabasa anogona kugadzirwa pamusoro peizvi. Ngatirambei tichitaura nezvenharo “dzenyika” dzokurega nyama. Ngatitangei kukurukura inonzi "protein myth". Hezvino zviri pamusoro. Chimwe chezvikonzero chikuru nei vanhu vazhinji vachinzvenga miriwo kutya kukonzeresa mumuviri kushaya mapuroteni. "Ungawana sei mapuroteni ese emhando yaunoda kubva pakudya-kwakavakirwa chirimwa, chisina mukaka?" vanhu vakadaro vanobvunza. Usati wapindura mubvunzo uyu, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti puroteni chii chaizvo. Muna 1838 muDutch chemist Jan Müldscher yakagamuchira chinhu chine nitrogen, kabhoni, haidrojeni, okisijeni uye, muhuwandu hudiki, mamwe maelementi emakemikari. Mushonga uyu, unova pasi pezvipenyu zvose zviri paNyika, akadana musayendisiti “chinonyanya kukosha”. Zvadaro, kukosha kwechokwadi kweprotein kwakaratidzwa: kuti urarame chero chipenyu, imwe huwandu hwayo hunofanira kudyiwa. Sezvakazoitika, chikonzero cheiyi amino acids, "yekutanga matsime ehupenyu", kubva kune iyo mapuroteni anoumbwa. Zvose zvinozivikanwa 22 amino acids, 8 izvo zvinotariswa zvikuru /hazvigadzirwa nemuviri uye zvinofanirwa kudyiwa nekudya/. Aya 8 amino acids ndeaya: lecithin, isolecin, valine, lysine, trypophan, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine. Zvose zvavo zvinofanira kuiswa muzvikamu zvakakodzera muzvokudya zvinovaka muviri. Kusvika pakati pemakore ekuma1950, nyama yaionekwa seyakanakisa sosi yeprotein, nekuti ine ese 8 akakosha amino acids, uye muchiyero chakakodzera. Nhasi, zvisinei, nyanzvi dzezvokudya zvinovaka muviri dzakasvika pamhedziso yokuti zvokudya zvezvirimwa sechitubu cheprotein hazvina kunaka senyama chete, asi kunyange zvakakwirira kupfuura. Zvirimwa zvakare zvine ese 8 amino acids. Zvirimwa zvinokwanisa kugadzira maamino acids kubva mumhepo, ivhu, uye mvura, asi mhuka dzinongogona kuwana mapuroteni kuburikidza nezvirimwa: kungave nekuzvidya, kana nekudya mhuka dzakadya zvirimwa uye kutora chikafu chadzo chese. Nokudaro, munhu ane sarudzo: kuti azviwane zvakananga kuburikidza nezvirimwa kana nenzira inotenderera, pamutengo wepamusoro wehupfumi uye mari yekushandisa - kubva kumhuka yemhuka. Nenzira iyi, nyama haina mamwe maamino acids kunze kweayo anowanikwa nemhuka kubva muzvirimwa - uye munhu pachake anogona kuawana kubva muzvirimwa. Uyezve, kudya kwezvirimwa kune chimwe chinhu chakakosha: pamwe chete nemaamino acids, unowana zvinhu zvinodikanwa kuti utore mapuroteni akazara: makabhohaidhiretsi, mavhitamini, trace elements, hormones, chlorophyll, etc. Muna 1954, boka revasayendisiti paHarvard University. akaita tsvakurudzo uye akawana: kana munhu panguva imwe chete achidya miriwo, zviyo, dheri - iyo inopfuura inovhara maitiro ezuva nezuva eprotein. Vakagumisa kuti zvakanga zvakaoma zvikuru kuchengetedza kudya kwemiriwo kwakasiyana-siyana pasina kudarika nhamba iyi. Imwe nguva gare gare, muna 1972, Dr. F. Stear akaita zvidzidzo zvake zveprotein nevanodya miriwo. Zvigumisiro zvaive zvinoshamisa: zvizhinji zvezvidzidzo zvakagamuchira zvinopfuura maitiro maviri eprotein! Saka "ngano pamusoro pemapuroteni" yakabviswa. Iye zvino ngatiendei kuchikamu chinotevera chechinetso chatiri kukurukura. Mishonga yemazuva ano inosimbisa: kudya nyama kuzere nenjodzi dzakawanda. Oncological и zvirwere zvemwoyo inova denda munyika umo avhareji yokudyiwa kwenyama pamunhu yakakwira, nepo uko nhamba iyi yakaderera, hosha dzakadaro hadziwanzoitiki. Rollo Russell mubhuku rake "Zvikonzero zveCancer" anonyora kuti: “Ndakaona kuti munyika 25 dzine vagari vemo vanodya nyama yakawanda, 19 dzine kenza yakawanda zvikuru muzana, uye nyika imwe bedzi ine mwero wakaderera zvikuru, nepo panguva imwe cheteyo munyika 35 dzine vagari vemo vanodya nyama. muhuwandu hwakaganhurirwa kana kuti kusatongoidya, hapana imwe ine chikamu chikuru chegomarara.” AT "Journal yeAmerican Physicians Association" muna 1961 zvinonzi "Shanduko yekudya kwemuriwo mu90-97% yezviitiko inodzivirira kukura kwezvirwere zvemoyo." Kana mhuka inourawa, tsvina yayo inorega kubudiswa negadziriro yayo yokutenderera neropa uye inoramba “yakachengetedzwa” mumutumbi wakafa. Vanodya nyama nokudaro vanotora zvinhu zvine chepfu izvo, mumhuka mhenyu, zvinosiya muviri une weti. Chiremba Owen S. Parret mubasa rangu “Sei ndisingadyi nyama” akacherechedza: kana nyama yakabikwa, zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvinoonekwa mukuumbwa kwemuto, semugumisiro wekuti muto wacho unenge wakafanana mumakemikari kune weti. Munyika dzakabudirira dzine rudzi rwakanyanya rwekusimudzira zvekurima, nyama "inopfumiswa" nezvinhu zvakawanda zvinokuvadza: DDT, arsenic /inoshandiswa sechinhu chinosimudzira kukura/, Sodium sulfate / inoshandiswa kupa nyama "itsva", tsvuku-tsvuku yeropa /, OF, synthetic hormone / inozivikanwa carcinogen/. Kazhinji, zvigadzirwa zvenyama zvine macarcinogens akawanda uye kunyange metastasogens. Somuenzaniso, makirogiramu maviri chete enyama yakakangwa ane benzopyrene yakawanda sefodya 2! Nekuderedza cholesterol kudya, isu panguva imwe chete tinoderedza mikana yekuunganidza mafuta, uye naizvozvo njodzi yekufa kubva pakurwadziwa kwemoyo kana apoplexy. Chiitiko chakadaro se atherosclerosis, kune vegetarian - zvachose abstract concept. Maererano ne<em>Encyclopædia Britannica, “Mapuroteni anobva munzungu, zviyo, uye kunyange zvinogadzirwa nomukaka anonzi haana kuchena kana achienzaniswa neanowanikwa munyama yemombe—ine 68% yemvura ine utachiona. Izvi "zvisina kuchena" zvine simba rinokuvadza kwete pamwoyo chete, asiwo pamuviri wose. Muviri wemunhu ndiwo muchina wakaoma kunzwisisa. Uye, sezvakaita chero mota, imwe mafuta inokodzera zviri nani pane imwe. Ongororo inoratidza kuti nyama ifuel isingashande pamushini uyu, uye inouya nemutengo mukuru. Somuenzaniso, vaEskimo, avo vanonyanyodya hove nenyama, vanokwegura nokukurumidza zvikuru. Avhareji yehupenyu hwavo inotarisirwa kupfuudza 30 makore. VaKirghiz pane imwe nguva vaidyawo kunyanya nyama uyewo vaigara kwenguva refu 40 makore ari kushoma zvakanyanya. Kune rumwe rutivi, kune madzinza akadai savaHunza vanogara muHimalayas, kana kuti mapoka orudzidziso ane avhareji yenduramo yenguva inochinja. 80 и 100 kwemakore! Masayendisiti ane chokwadi chokuti miriwo ndiyo chikonzero chehutano hwavo hwakanaka. MaIndia eMaya eYutacan uye madzinza eYemeni eboka reSemitic anewo mukurumbira wehutano hwakanaka - zvakare nekuda kwekudya kwezvinomera. Uye mukupedzisa, ndinoda kusimbisa chimwe chinhu zvakare. Kana uchidya nyama, munhu, sekutonga, anozvivanza pasi pe ketchups, sauces uye gravies. Anochigadzira nekuchigadzirisa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana: mafiritsi, mamota, muto, nezvimwewo. Zvose izvi ndezvei? Sei usingadyi nyama iri mbishi semhuka dzinodya dzimwe nyika? Vazhinji vezvekudya, biologist uye physiologists vakaratidza zvinogutsa: vanhu havadyi nyama nemasikirwo avo. Ndicho chikonzero nei vachinyatsogadzirisa chikafu chisina chimiro kwavari. Physiologically, vanhu vari pedyo zvakanyanya nemhuka dzinodya setsoko, nzou, mabhiza, nemhou pane mhuka dzinodya nyama dzakaita sembwa, dindingwe nembada. Toti zvikara hazvidiki; mavari, kuchinjana kwekupisa kunoitika kuburikidza nevanodzora kufema kwekufema uye rurimi rwakabuda. Mhuka dzeVegetarian (uye vanhu) vane sweat glands nekuda kweichi chinangwa, kuburikidza nazvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokuvadza zvinobva mumuviri. Zvikara zvine mazino akareba uye akapinza kuitira kubata nekuuraya mhuka; herbivores (uye vanhu) vane mazino mapfupi uye vasina nzwara. Mate ezvikara haana amylase saka haakwanise kuparara kwekutanga kwe starches. Mishonga yemhuka dzinodya nyama dzinobudisa yakawanda yehydrochloric acid kuti igaye mapfupa. Zvikara zvinoputira mvura, sekatsi, semuenzaniso, nepo herbivores (uye vanhu) vachiyamwa mukati memazino avo. Kune mifananidzo yakawanda yakadaro, uye mumwe nomumwe wavo anopupurira: muviri wemunhu unofanana nemuenzaniso wezvinomera. Kunyatso physiologically, vanhu havana kujairana nekudya kwenyama. Pano pane dzimwe nharo dzinonyanya kusimba mukufarira vegetarianism.