Tea

tsananguro

Tea (chin. Cha) chisiri-chinwiwa chinodhaka chinoitwa nekutsvedza kana kufashaidza mashizha emuchina akanyatsogadzirwa. Vanhu vanokohwa mashizha kubva kumakwenzi akafanana akasimwa muminda yakakura munzvimbo dzinodziya uye dzinonyorova. Mamiriro ekunze akanakisa zvakanyanya ndeekupisa uye kunopisa.

Pakutanga, chinwiwa ichi chaizivikanwa chete semushonga; zvisinei, panguva yekutonga kwedzinza raTang muChina, hwahwa uhwu hwakave chinwiwa chakakurumbira chekushandisa zuva nezuva. Ngano zhinji nengano zvinoperekedza kuuya kwetiyi. Sekureva kwengano dzeChinese, chinwiwa ichi chakagadzira mwari mumwe, uyo akagadzira zvinhu zvese zvehunyanzvi nehunyanzvi, Shen-Nun, uyo netsaona akadonhedza mashizha mashoma egwenzi tii muhari nemakwenzi. Kubva panguva iyoyo, aingonwa tii chete. Kuonekwa kwenyaya kwakadzokera kumashure muna 2737 BC.

Nhoroondo yeiyo Kunwa

Gare gare ngano ingano nezve muparidzi wechiBuddha, Bodhidharma, uyo, achifungisisa netsaona akarara. Achimuka, akazvitsamwira zvekuti pakafa akagura maziso ake. Panzvimbo yemaziso akawa, akaisa rose tii; mangwana akaravira mashizha awo. Bodhidharma akanzwa akagwinya uye akasimbiswa.

KuEurope, chinwiwa chakauya muzana ramakore rechi16, Chekutanga muFrance, nevatengesi veDutch. Mufudzi mukuru wechikafu ichi aive Louis wegumi nemana, uyo akati varume vekuEastern vanonwa tii yekurapa gout. Ndicho chirwere ichi kazhinji kunetsa mambo. Kubva kuFrance, chinwiwa chakapararira munyika dzese dzeEurope. Inonyanya kudiwa kuGerman, UK, uye nyika dzeScandinavia Peninsula. Nyika gumi dzine huwandu hwakanyanya hwekunwa tii dzakasanganisira: England, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Japan, Russia, USA, India, Turkey.

Kuunganidzwa pamwe nekurongedzwa kwemashizha etii ndewe kungoita basa remaoko. Yakawanda yaikoshesa epamusoro maviri mashizha emashizha uye padyo neisina kubhururuka mabhudzi. Vachishandisa izvi mbishi zvinhu, ivo vanowana inodhura bherogi dzakasiyana Mashizha akaibva avanoshandisa pamhando dzakachipa dzetii. Kugadzirwa kweMeyi weTii hakubatsiri mune zveupfumi nekuti iko kuunganidza kunosanganisa zvinhu zvakanaka zvakasvibirira neakawanda marara nenzira yemashizha akaomeswa, matanda, uye madzinde akashata.

Mushure meMusangano, kugadzirwa kwetii kune matanho akati wandei

• kuomesa mashizha. Kuti unyorove uye kurasikirwa nehunyoro, vanoisa iwo tii mashizha akaenzana uye vosiya kwemaawa 4-8 patembiricha ye32-40 ° C;
• iyo curling jira. Maitiro acho echinyorwa kana nema mechanical rollers. Panguva ino, inomira kubuda muto kubva pamashizha uye nekudaro yakarasika chikamu chikuru chehunyoro;
• kuvirisa. Pasi pekuita kweiyo oxidation yezviri musitepisi yemashizha inoshanduka kuita mashuga akareruka, uye chlorophyll - mumatannin;
• kuomesa. Kumisa oxidation uye kuwana kunyorova kwemashizha 3-5% vanoomesa pa105 ° C (girini tii) kana 90-95 ° C (nhema tii);
• kucheka pamutsetse we otomatiki, kana zvapihwa;
• kurongedza zvinoenderana neyakaumbwa tii mashizha;
• kuiswa kwezvinonhuwira zvinowedzera kana kuunganidzwa kwemakwenzi, kana izvi zvichipihwa kamukira yechigadzirwa chakapedzwa;
• kurongedza.

Iko kune kwakakura kusiyaniswa kwetiyi zvinoenderana nenzira dzakasiyana.

1. Mhando yetii Bush. Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemiti: Chinese, Assamese, Cambodian.
2. Zvinoenderana nedhigiri uye nguva yekuvira, iyo bhuru inogona kuve yakasvibira, nhema, chena, yero, Oolong, PU-erh tii.
3. Panzvimbo yekukura. Zvichienderana nezwi rekugadzira tii, pane izvo zvinonzi gradation yetii. Mugadziri muhombe iChina (kazhinji kari nemashizha matema, matema, yero uye chena mhando). Inoteverawo mukuburuka kurongeka kunouya India (nhema diki jira uye granulated), Sri Lanka (Ceylon girini uye nhema tii), Japan (girini dzakasiyana pamusika wepamusha), Indonesia, neVietnam (girini uye nhema tii), Turkey (yakaderera nepakati. mhando nhema tii). Mu Africa, nhamba yepamusoro yeminda iri muKenya, South African Republic, Mauritania, Cameroon, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, neZaire. Iyo tii ndeye yakaderera mhando, nhema nhema.
4. Zvinoenderana nemashizha uye mhando dzekugadzirisa, iyo tii yakakamurwa kuita yakadzurwa, kuburitswa, granulated, uye mumapaketi.
5. Special yekuwedzera kugadzirisa. Iyi inogona kuve imwe yekuwedzera degree yekuvira, kunyorera, kana kusarura kugaya mumatumbu emhuka.
6. Nekuda kwekunaka. Mishonga yekuwedzera inozivikanwa ndeyeJasmine, bergamot, ndimu, uye mint.
7. Kuzadza mishonga. Idzi tii dzinobva muzvinwiwa zvechivanhu dzine zita chete. Kazhinji, zvinongova muunganidzwa wemiti yekurapa kana mabriji: chamomile, mint, rose, currant, raspibheri, hibiscus, thyme, St. John's wort, origanum, nevamwe.

Zvichienderana nerudzi rwechirimwa uye nzira yekuvira, pane mitemo yekubika chinwiwa. Kuti ugadzirire kushandira imwe chete yetii, unofanirwa kushandisa 0.5-2.5 tsp yeti yakaoma. Mhando dzedhiri dema iwe unofanirwa kudira nemvura irikufashaira, nepo girini, chena, uye yero mhando - mvura yakabikwa yakatonhorera kusvika 60-85 ° C.

Maitiro ekugadzira tii ane ayo makuru matanho.

Kuvatevera iwe unogona kunakidzwa zvechokwadi uye maitiro ekubika uye chinwiwa:

• maitiro ekugadzirira;
• chipimo chemushonga;
• kudziyisa mvura;
• kudziyisa madhishi ekutsikisa;
• nzira yekubika;
• kurasira zvinwiwa makapu;
• nzira yekunwa.

Kubva pamatanho akapusa aya, nyika zhinji dzakagadzira tsika dzadzo dzekumwa tii.

Zviri tsika yekumwa tii inopisa muChina, mune diki SIP, isina shuga kana chero zvinowedzera. Maitiro acho anosanganisa kunwa sechiito chekuremekedza, kubatana, kana kukumbira ruregerero. Doro racho rinogaropihwa kuvanhu vezera diki kana chinzvimbo chepamusoro.

Japan neChina tsika

KuJapan, sekuChina, havawedzeri chero chinhu kushandura kuravira kwetii nekumwa mune diki SIP inopisa kana kutonhora. Tsika ndeyekunwa green tea mushure uye panguva yekudya.

Tsika dzaNorman

Kune mamads uye mamonki mumakomo eTibet vanogadzira zvidhinha zvakasvibira zvakasanganiswa ne butter uye munyu. Chinwiwa chine hutano zvikuru uye chakagadzirirwa kudzoreredza simba mushure mekufamba kwenguva refu mumakomo. Kugamuchirwa uye kugamuchirwa vaenzi, vanogara vachiperekedzwa netii. Ivo vanogara vachipa simba muridzi anorapa tii yevaenzi nekuti zvinofungidzirwa kuti Mukombe haufanire kunge usina chinhu. Asati aenda, muenzi anofanira kubvisa Mukombe wake, nokudaro achiratidza rukudzo nekutenda.

Tsika dzeUzbek

Uzbek tsika yeichi chinwiwa chakasiyana zvakasiyana kubva kuTibetan. Itsika kugashira vaenzi kuti vadurure tii shoma sezvinobvira kuti vape mukana wakawanda wekubata muridzi wevakawanda uye kuratidza ruremekedzo rwayo rwekugamuchira imba. Nekudaro, muridzi anonakidza uye kwete mutoro wekudira mundiro kune imwe tii. Kune vapambi, ivo vanobva vadurura yakazara Mukombe wetii kamwe chete uye havachadururi.

Tsika dzeChirungu

Tsika yeChirungu yekunwa doro ine fanano huru nemaJapan. MuEngland, itsika kunwa tii nemukaka katatu pazuva: panguva yeKudya kwekuseni, masikati (13:00), uye kudya kwemanheru (17:00). Nekudaro, iyo yakakwira degree rekumaguta nekumhanyisa kwenyika kwakatungamira mukureruka kwetsika. Chaizvoizvo, vaishandisa mabhegi eti, anochengetedza nguva uye haatsvake huwandu hukuru hwezvigadzirwa (inodiwa seti seti, Cutlery, napkins, uye maruva matsva kuti aenderane netafura, tafura, uye chikafu).

Tsika dzeRussia

Pachivanhu muRussia, tii inogadzirwa mushure mekudya nemvura yakabikwa kubva ku "Samovar," uye teapot yakamira pamusoro uye inogara ichikurudzirwa nekukurudzira maitiro ekuburitsa chinwiwa. Kazhinji inowanikwa mune yekubika kaviri chinwiwa. Ipo pakakora, chinwiwa chakabikwa muhari diki, ndokudira zvidimbu zvidiki mumikombe ndokusanganiswa nemvura inopisa. Izvi zvakabvumira munhu wese kugadzirisa simba rechinwiwa chimwe nechimwe. Izvo zvakatemwa zvakare kudira tii musoso uye kunwa nekamwe shuga. Nekudaro, yakadaro tsika yakasarudzika yakanga yoda kuparara. Ivo vachiri vanogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dziri kure dzenyika nemumisha. Chaizvoizvo, ikozvino vanhu vanoshandisa mabhegi eti uye vanofashaidza mvura mune yakajairwa gasi kana magetsi emagetsi