Mukati
Maererano neWHO, World Health Office, muFrance, munhu mumwe chete pagumi anofa ane chokuita nemhoteredzo. Munyika yose, chikamu chimwe muzvina chenzufu dzevacheche chaizowana mavambo adzo ikoko.
Kune kutyisidzira kwakawanda: mhando yemhepo, kunaka kwevhu, nzvimbo dzakasvibiswa. MuFrance, kunyomba kwemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi kwakakanganisa zvimwe zvikoro, zvakasarudzwa nokuda kwezvinetso zvazvo zvokusvibisa mudzimba.
Saka ndedzipi nzvimbo dziri kunyanya kukanganiswa mundima yedu? Kusvibiswa uku kunobva kupi? Ndeapi maguta akanyanya kusvibiswa muFrance muna 2018?
Iyi dossier inokupa tarisiro yekutyisidzira kwakarembera pamusoro pemaguta edu, uye nzira dzekuzvidzivirira uye kutora matanho.
Isa chinyorwa chako apa...
Maguta akasvibiswa zvakanyanya muFrance muna 2019
Saka ndeapi maguta akanyanya kusvibiswa muFrance? Kurongeka kuchave pachena kusingabvumirwi: hutano hwemhepo, mvura uye ivhu hunotorwa, asi chii chinonyanya kukosha?
Iwo maguta mashanu ari pamusoro peiyi podium ari pasi pemhando dzakasiyana dzekusvibiswa, asi anowanikwa achidzokororwa [1]
1 - Lyon Villeurbanne
Nekuungana kwevagari vanopfuura miriyoni imwe, Lyon, dunhu reRhône, iri pamusoro pechinzvimbo. Ariko Guta rechipiri reFrance uko kunochengeterwa tsvina ine mwaranzi yakawanda.
Ne 2 miriyoni m2 yebrownfields yakasvibiswa nemutobvu, chromium kana hydrocarbons, ivhu rakasvibiswa zvakanyanya: kune 66 nzvimbo dzinonzi dzakasvibiswa, dzimwe dzine njodzi. Lyon iri kushushikana nematare achangoburwa neEuropean Union.
Aya anonangana nemaguta eFrance uko zvikumbaridzo zvasvika pamiganhu yakaoma. Yakasangana nezvikamu zvinoverengeka zvekusvibiswa kwepamusoro muna 2017 kunyangwe mamwe matanho. Munzvimbo, kune zvakare maratidziro e arsenic uye yakakwira mazinga e nitrate mumvura.
Tinogona zvakare kutaura, muguta guru, guta reVilleurbanne iro rine 34 nzvimbo dzakasvibiswa. Nevagari ve140, yasvika pazvikumbaridzo zvakakosha maererano nemazinga enitrogen dioxide uye PM000 zvidimbu.
Kusiri kure kubva ipapo, mupata weArve unozivikanwa seimwe yenzvimbo dzakasvibiswa zvakanyanya muFrance, muchidimbu nekuda kwenzvimbo yayo, uye kupisa kwehuni kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya munguva yechando inomiririra ingangoita 80%. zvinhu zvinobuda.
2 – Marseilles
Mufananidzo wechikwereti: Cyrille Dutrulle (link)
Marseille neParis vanowanzo rwira pamusoro peiyo nzvimbo ine chekuita nemhepo. Iine 50 nzvimbo dzakasimba, 2 nzvimbo dzakarongerwa Seveso, kureva kuti njodzi pakaitika tsaona, Marseille, kuwedzera kune yakajairwa kusvibiswa kwakabatana nekutakura migwagwa, ine kusvibiswa kwakanyanya kwakabatana nekufambisa kwemugungwa, pasina kuverenga zviitiko zvemafuta. Ndiyo iyi inonyora chiyero chepamusoro-soro chezvikamu zvakanaka mumhepo.
Mumwe angafunga kuti Paris iri pamberi payo, asi mamiriro ekunze anobatanidzwawo: kupisa kwakanyanya kunowedzera kuwedzera kusvibiswa kwemhepo. Pasina kukanganwa mhepo yegungwa iyo inotumira kusvibiswa mukati menyika.
Zvifambiso zvevoruzhinji hazvina kukudziridzwa mudhorobha reMarseille: mutsara webhazi remagetsi, hapana kurudziro kana paine kusvibiswa kwepamusoro peak: hapana chinonamirwa kana mutsauko.
Ichokwadi kuti dzimwe nzira dzakaoma kutsausa, kunyanya kuunza zvinhu kuchiteshi.
Zvisinei, maCrit'air stickers anofanira kukurumidza kuoneka.
3 - Paris
Guta rekutanga reFrance maererano nenzvimbo dzemarara eradioactive, Paris zviri pachena iri mune iyi chinzvimbo.
Zvinoenderana nezvidzidzo zveAir'Parif, mazhinji ematambudziko emhando yemhepo anouya kubva mumigwagwa. 39% yekusvibiswa kwezvikamu zvinobva kune imwe nzvimbo: zvimedu zvinotakurwawo nemhepo.
Chidzidzo chechangobva kuitika cheWHO chinoisa guta rekutanga rakasvibiswa reFrance maererano nemhando yemhepo, uye 17th guta rakakura kwazvo pasi rose.
Nepo chikumbaridzo chekutonga chePM10 muFrance chiri 20 μg / m3 - microgram pa cubic metre - iyo yevasungwa yakanyorwa muna 2015 muguta guru. 35 μg/m3
4 - Roubaix
Mufananidzo wechikwereti: GabianSpirit (link)
Kusvibiswa kwedzimwe nzvimbo muguta reRoubaix kunobva kune yakapfuura yakabatana nemachira emaindasitiri.
Kupfuura izvi 38 nzvimbo dzakasvibiswa nemutobvu nemahydrocarbon, mazinga ezvimedu zvakanaka mumhepo zvakare ari pamusoro pechiyero.
MuRoubaix uye muHauts-de-France umo kunyomba munguva pfupi yapfuura pamusoro pezvikoro zvine utachiona kwakatanga.
Kune zvakare matambudziko emhando yemhepo mumaguta akaita seLens kana Douai.
5-Strasbourg
Mufananidzo wechikwereti: ALexandre Prévot (link)
Ne 40 nzvimbo dzakasvibiswa, Strasbourg, iri munharaunda yokumabvazuva yakabudirira zvikuru, inonyorawo mwero wakakwirira wezvikamu zvakatsetseka uye carbon dioxide mumhepo.
Hutsi idzi dzakanyanya kukonzerwa nemotokari dzedhiziri uye kufamba mumigwagwa.
Pasinei nekuderera kunowanzoita kusvibiswa kwemhepo, guta richiri kusangana nepamusoro pehuwandu hwekusvibiswa gore negore.
Yambiro parunhare akaiswawo kuti ayambire vanhu nenguva.
Matambudziko ekusvibisa anonyanya kubata migwagwa mikuru.
Zano pachiitiko chekusvibiswa kwepamusoro - maererano neBazi rezvehutano
For huwandu hwevanhu vanotambura - vacheche, vana vadiki, vakwegura, vanhu vanotambura nemoyo kana kufema pathologies
✓ Dzivisa kudzidzira mitambo yemitambo, kunyanya yakadzika, ingave kunze kana kunze (mhepo inotenderera)
✓ Kana kufema kana kusagadzikana kwemoyo kukaonekwa, bvunza chiremba
✓ Buda kunze zvishoma zvishoma kana zviratidzo zvisina kuratidzwa mumba
✓ Dzivisa migwagwa mikuru, pakutanga uye kupera kwezuva kana panguva yekumhanya-mhanya
✓ Kumbomira kuita zvinhu zvinoda kushanda nesimba
Kune vamwe
✓ Dzivisa kushanda nesimba
✓ Tsika yemitambo ine mwero yakaita semabhasikoro harisi dambudziko
✓ Vhura mukati mako: dzivisa fodya, zvigadzirwa zvekuchenesa, makenduru anonhuhwirira, nezvimwe.
✓ Air mota yako kudzikamisa kuunganidzwa kwezvinosvibisa
6- Diki
Mufananidzo wechikwereti: Fred Romero (link)
Kana nzvimbo dzekutanga dze5 muchirongwa ichisiya pasina kupokana, zvinozonetsa kuparadzanisa maguta zvichienderana nekuti isu tinopa zvakanyanya kana kushoma kukosha kune kusvibiswa kwemhepo kana kuvapo kwenzvimbo dzakasvibiswa.
Iyo Lille metropolis inouya mune yedu chinzvimbo: yatove yezvinetso zvakaratidzwa zvekusvibiswa kwemhepo, asiwo nekuvapo kwenzvimbo dzakasvibiswa nevhu.
Zvikoro makumi maviri nemakireshi zvinogona kukanganiswa. Matambudziko ekusvibiswa kwemhepo achiripo zvakare: panguva iyo chinyorwa ichi chiri kunyorwa, guta riri kusangana nechiitiko chekusvibiswa kwepamusoro izvo zvinotungamira, kunyanya, kumhanyisa miganhu uye kudzikiswa kwezvimwe zviitiko.
Chiitiko ichi chinowedzerwa nekupisa kwakanyanya kwezhizha
7- Zvakanaka
Mufananidzo wechikwereti: Hans Põldoja (link)
Mumwe angafunga kuti maguta ekumaodzanyemba, kure kure nenzvimbo dzenhoroondo dzeindasitiri, anoponeswa.
Asi mamiriro ekunze ari kutamba navo, uye kune mazuva mazhinji apo zvikumbaridzo zvekutonga zvinopfuudzwa.
Zuva rine simba, motokari dzakawanda, uye kunyange zvazvo mistral iine basa rokuchenesa mhepo, zvinetso zvekusvibisa zvinopfuurira.
Mitengo inoramba iripo nekuda kwekushaikwa kweindasitiri, asi masimba eguta ari kushanda achipokana nazvo.
Mamiriro ekunze anofarira kuvapo kwezvidimbu, kusavapo kwemhepo ine simba kunodzivirira kupararira kwazvo, uye kumwe kusvibiswa kunobva kure. Pamusoro pechiitiko ichi, traffic yese inoramba yakamira pamhenderekedzo yegungwa, iyo inoisa kunobva kusvibiswa.
8-Grenoble
Guta reGrenoble rinozivikanwa nemhepo yaro yakasvibiswa: harisati riri pamusoro peiyo nzvimbo uye rinoramba riri kuseri kweParis kana Marseille.
Iri pamusoro penzvimbo yayo yese yenzvimbo inoita kusvibiswa kunopera mumupata, asi mamiriro ezvinhu anowanzoita nani nekufamba kwemakore, kunyanya nekuda kwemutemo wekurwisa kusvibiswa.
Nenzvimbo dzinosvika makumi matatu dzakasvibiswa, nyaya yemhando yevhu iri pamwoyo wemutemo weguta, iro rakaisa mepu yenzvimbo dzaro dzaimbova maindasitiri, kuitira kugadzirisa uye kuona njodzi.
9- Reims
Mufananidzo wechikwereti: Num (link)
Inoshushikanawo nemutongo weEuropean Court pamusoro peFrance pamusoro pehuwandu hwepamusoro hwekusvibiswa kwemhepo: matanho ari kutanga kuiswa panzvimbo, kunyanya nekuda kwekuonekwa kwezvikamu zvekusvibiswa kwepamusoro. kusvika kuPM10 zvikamu.
Ikoko futi, zvimwe zvikoro zviri kusangana nematambudziko ekusvibiswa kwevhu : mabasa ekubvisa decontamination akatotangwa.
PM10 mazinga mumhepo anoramba ari pamusoro peavhareji yenyika. Uye kunaka kwemvura kunoderedzwawo nekuvapo kwenitrate.
10- Nzvimbo
Mufananidzo wechikwereti: daniel.stark (link)
Guta reLe Havre rinopedzisa chinzvimbo ichi. Mhepo yatinofema ipapo pane yemhando yakanaka, asi pano matambudziko ekusvibisa anonyanya kunetseka nzvimbo dzechiteshi uye nzvimbo dzemaindasitiri, pamwe chete nenzvimbo dzakasvibiswa.
Panyaya yekusvibiswa kwemhepo, zvikumbaridzo zvinopfuudzwa kune nitrogen dioxide, zvidimbu zvakanaka, asiwo sulfur dioxide uye ozone. Pasina kukanganwa, pedyo negungwa. nyaya dzichangoburwa dzekuraswa zvisiri pamutemo.
Maguta ane mwero wakaderera wekusvibiswa munyika
Hatigoni kuvimbisa kuti guta richava risina kusvibiswa kwose, asi mamwe maguta anozivikanwa nokuda kwemhepo yawo inofema zvishoma. Heano mashoma:
✓ Valves
Ringava iro guta risina kusvibiswa zvishoma muFrance. Isu tinonyanyoziva kuti mwero wesarufa, nitrogen dioxide, uye zvidimbu zvakatsetseka, zvakaderera. Kusvibiswa kwepamusoro hakuwanzowaniki ipapo.
✓ limoges
Hunhu hwemhepo muLimoges hwakanaka kweanoda kusvika zvikamu zvitatu zvegore.
✓ Brest
Kune mazuva anosvika makumi maviri chete apo mhepo inoonekwa seyakashata, kazhinji munguva yechando.
✓ Pau (FR)
Kunze kwezhizha apo nzvimbo yeguta, padivi pemubhedha wePyrenees, inogadzira mizinga yekusvibiswa, unogona kuzadza nemweya mutsva kwese kwegore.
✓ Perpignan
Pasinei nekuwanda kwemotokari, kunyanya pakati peguta, kusavapo kwekusvibiswa kwemaindasitiri kunoisa Perpignan pachinzvimbo.
Mhedziso pfupi yematunhu edu
Panyaya yemhando yevhu, kusaenzana kwakakura mukati meguta reFrance. Usati waona kurongeka kwemaguta, heino tarisiro yekukurumidza yematunhu ane huwandu hukuru hwevhu rakasvibiswa nenzvimbo. Mupfungwa dzako:
➔ Kumaodzanyemba (59)
Nharaunda yekurima ine anopfuura 70%, ine yakasimba maindasitiri yapfuura, dunhu reNorth rine 497 dzakaratidzwa nzvimbo dzakasvibiswa, nhamba yepamusoro munyika. Apa ndipowo pakatanga kunyombana pamusoro pezvikoro zvakasvibiswa muguta reRoubaix.
➔ Seine et Marne (77)
Kune 303 nzvimbo dzakasvibiswa mudhipatimendi iri. Kusvibiswa uku kunonyanya kushandiswa mumaindasitiri. Isu tinogona zvakare kucherechedza hurombo hwemvura nekuda kweiyo nitrate, mercury uye phosphates inogona kuwanikwa ipapo.
➔ The Gironde (33)
Kusvibiswa muGironde kunobva zvakanyanya kubva mukurima waini nemishonga yezvipembenene. Imomo zvakare, hushamwari hwezvimwe zvikoro kumazambiringa huri kutanga kumutsa mibvunzo.
Mukupesana, mamwe madhipatimendi anenge asina chero saiti yakasvibiswa: Cantal, Creuse, Gers, kana kunyange Lozère.
Aya maguta muFrance umo tinofema zvakashata
Isu tiri nani kumaruwa pane muguta?
Kunyange kana maguta achinangidzira maindasitiri uye zvokufambisa, uye aine mwero wakakwirira wokusvibiswa, munhu haafaniri kuregeredza kushatiswa kwenzvimbo dzokurimawo. Mupata weArve, uri pakati peFrench Alps, unonzi ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzakasvibiswa zvakanyanya muFrance.
Iri pedyo nemugwagwa wakabatikana zvikuru, uye munguva yechando, vagari vemo vanopisa nehuni. Motokari 500 dzinotakura zvinhu zvinorema dzinotenderera mumupata gore negore dzinodzivisa vagari vemo kufema. Dzimwe nguva zvinoitika, mumupata uyu, kuti kusvibiswa kwepamusoro kunopararira kwemwedzi inoverengeka (2)
Mamiriro ezvinhu aya ndiwo ari kukonzera matambudziko mazhinji ehutano, kubva pakutadza kufema kwenguva refu kusvika kugomarara.
Pakati pemaruwa, haunyanyi kukanganiswa nemotokari, asi unogona kusangana nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene uye zvinosvibisa zvekurima. Tisingarevi kuti zvimedu zvakanaka zvinokonzeresa kusvibiswa kwemhepo zvinofamba.
Muguta redu / kumaruwa musiyano, ngatirege kukanganwa nyaya yenzvimbo dzemaindasitiri kana. Iwo anonyanya kuwanikwa kumabvazuva kweFrance, kunze kwemhepo dziripo dzinobva kumadokero.
Mupata weRhône, sezvo wakaita basa guru mukusimudzira maindasitiri enyika, unowanzosvibiswa zvakanyanya, sezvakaita mupata wezasi weSeine.
Urban air quality inomutsa mibvunzo muFrance
Kutungamira podium? Hatikwanise kuwana dzatingadai takafungidzira. Haasati ari hawo maguta makuru anorekodha mwero wakakwirira zvikurusa wezvimedu zvakanaka mumhepo.
Guta reSeine-Saint-Denis, Puppet inorekodha rekodhi maererano nekusangana kwezvimedu zvakanaka mumhepo, ine 36 μg / m3 yeguta re55 vagari. (3)
Guta rechipiri muchikamu ichi, riri muSeine-et-Marne, rine vagari gumi nevashanu. Zvinetso zvekusvibiswa kwemhepo zvinowedzerwa kune zvinonyadzisa zvichangobva kuitika pamusoro pemvura isina kuchena.
Zvisinei, kana tikangochengeta maguta evanhu vanopfuura 100, tinogona kuziva maguta makuru eFrance anoonekwa kumusoro kwepamusoro pemhepo isingafemeki. Zvichienderana nekuti tinoyera PM000 kana PM10 zvimedu, chinzvimbo chinochinja zvishoma, asi isu tinowana mamwe maguta nguva nenguva. (4)
Ngatisakanganwawo kuti kusvibiswa kwezvikamu hakusi iko kwega kusvibiswa kwemhepo kwatinogona kutambura nako. Maguta ane huwandu hwepamusoro hwekabhoni monoxide anoramba ari Paris munzvimbo yekutanga, Toulouse uye guta reSaint-Denis.
Saka zvakaoma kuita mutsara wakajeka wemaguta ari munyika iyo mhepo yakanyanyisa kusvibiswa: inotoenderana nekutanga kune rudzi rwekusvibiswa kuri kuyerwa. Mamiriro acho anogonawo kusiyana gore negore.
Asi shanduko huru inoramba iri nhamba yemazuva ane chekuita mukati megore: ndiyo data inonyanya kukosha. Guta rinogona kukanganiswa nepamusoro pekusvibiswa kwevafambi nekuda kwezvimwe zviitiko kana mamiriro ekunze.
Inogonawo kusvibiswa nguva dzose uye inopfuurira. Kana tikafunga nezve data iri, maguta ari pamusoro peiyo nzvimbo, Marseille, Cannes, neToulon, anonyanya kuwanikwa kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva kweFrance. (5)
Kunzwisisa kusvibiswa
Tiri kutaura nezvei chaizvo?
Kusvibiswa kwemhepo kuri pakati penhau uye ndiyo nyaya yeEuropean Union ichangoburwa kumatare eFrance uye kukwidzwa kunogara kuchiitwa nevagari. Inosanganiswa nemamwe matambudziko ekusvibisa kunobva mumabasa evanhu ayo anogona kukanganisa mvura nevhu.
Zuva nezuva, anenge 14 malita emhepo pfuura nemudumbu redu rekufema. Uye mumhepo iyi tinowana kutyisidzira kusingaoneki. Ivo vanobva kumabasa emaindasitiri uye ekurima, kubva kuchikamu chekutakura, asiwo kubva kune zvinopisa zvinopisa, zviitiko zvepamba, kana kunyange kuputa.
Maererano neWorld Health Organization [1], inenge 500 maguta eFrance anodarika miganho yekusangana kwezvimedu zvakanaka mumhepo. Munyika, kupfuura 9 vanhu pa10 rarama nemweya wakasviba, kanenge wakatakura zvimedu zvakanaka PM10 uye PM2,5.
Rufu rwunokonzerwa nekusvibiswa kwemhepo runogona kuverengerwa mumamiriyoni, nekuda kwekusvibiswa kwemhepo yekunze, kunyanya kubva mumabasa emaindasitiri uye traffic, uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo mukati. Ihuwandu hukuru hwetsaona dzecerebrovascular, kufema pathologies, zvirwere zvepulmonary kana kunyange kenza.
Ndezvipi zvinokonzera kusvibiswa?
Fine particle kusvibiswa, iyo yekutanga inokonzeresa akawanda ekufema pathologies, inouya zvakanyanya kubva kumaindasitiri, ekutakura uye ekurima zvikamu, uye kubva mukugadzirwa kwezviteshi zvemagetsi emarasha.
Isu tinowanzo kukanganwa kunaka kwemhepo yemukati : kumba, kuhofisi, uye kunyange kuchikoro. Hunhu uhwu hunogona kukanganiswa nekushandiswa kwemidziyo yekupisa, zviitiko zvevanhu senge kuputa kana kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvemumba, asi zvinogonawo kuuya zvakananga kubva kune zvekuvaka uye fenicha.
PM, kana zvidimbu zvinopeperetswa nemhepo, zvimedu zvidiki zvinotakurwa nemhepo zvichipinda mukati memoyo wemapapu nemhepo. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ndizvo zvakakonzera kufa kwevanhu vanopfuura makumi mana pagore muFrance [40].
Iwo akaiswa mumapoka maererano nehukuru hwawo: chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine chikumbaridzo chekutonga, kupfuura iyo mamiriro ezvinhu anotanga kuve nengozi kune hutano hwevanhu.
Fine particles, uye kunyanya PM10, anounganidza pandima. Hunhu hwemhepo husina kunaka ndicho chikonzero chechitatu chekufa muFrance, kuseri kwefodya nedoro.
Maererano neDare reAuditors[8], 60% yevanhu vaizokanganiswa muFrance, kunyanya munguva yechando apo kunze kunotonhora uye kwakaoma. Apa ndipo apo mweya hauvandudzwe uye zvidimbu zvinomira mumhepo zvobva zvapinda mumapapu edu.
Kunze kwezvimedu zvakanaka, masangano anodzora anotarisa zvimwe zvinhu: nitrogen dioxide, kubva mukutakura uye kupisa; sulfur dioxide, yakabudiswa nemafekitari; uye ozone, mhedzisiro yekusiyana kwemakemikari maitiro pasi pemhedzisiro yemirairo yeultraviolet.
Mamiriro ekunze uye kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze
Pakutanga kuona, migumisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze pakusvibiswa haioneki. Asi zvimwe zvinongedzo zvakasimbiswa zvakatosimbiswa.
Nechekare, kukwira kwetembiricha kunoreva kushandiswa kwakawanda kwemaair conditioner, mafiriji, nemimwe michina inokonzera kusvibiswa kwemukati memba.
Fine particles uye carbon monoxide zvakaturikwa mumhepo zvinogonawo kuva chikonzero chekuwedzera kwemoto wemasango.
Kutama kutsva kwechirimwa kunogona kukonzera allergies kune pollen kune vanhu vanga vasati vasangana nazvo. Mhepo yakatitenderedza ichiri mungozi yekushanduka.
Mamiriro ekunze kunze anokanganisawo kunaka kwemweya: kungave kuchipisa kana kutonhora, kungave kune mhepo kana kwete, kunaya kana kusina.
Mamiriro ekunze ega ega achave nemhedzisiro yakasiyana pakusvibisa: inogona kupararira kana kutarisisa pane imwe nzvimbo. Kana mhepo isina simba uye mamiriro ekunze akadzikama, zvichange zvakaoma kuti zvinosvibisa zvipararire uye zvirambe zviri pasi, somuenzaniso.
Kusvibiswa kwemvura, kusvibiswa kwevhu: zvinokonzerwa nemigumisiro
Tisakanganwa zvakare kuti mhepo handiyo yega inobatwa nemabasa evanhu. Mvura, chinhu chinokosha, inonyanya kutyisidzirwa nemakemikari akasiyana-siyana.
Nitrates, phosphates, simbi dzinorema senge lead dzinobva mukurima kana indasitiri, kana kunyange mahydrocarbon.
Kune zvimwe zvinhu, zvinosanganisira endocrine zvinokanganisa uye zvisaririra zvezvinodhaka, zvakatooma kuongorora mhedzisiro chaiyo pahutano hwenguva refu.
Izvi, muguta, zvinogona kuwedzerwa kune kusagadziriswa kwepombi izvo zvinowedzera njodzi yehutano. Imwe mvura haichanwi, mune dzimwe, hauchakwanisi kugeza. Njodzi dzine chekuita dzakasiyana maererano nemhando dzekusvibiswa.
Zviratidzo zvenguva refu zvinonyanya kuenderana nedosi uye nguva yekuratidzwa. Mutobvu ndiwo unokonzera chepfu yemutobvu. Mahydrocarbon, nitrate, kana arsenic ane carcinogenic.
Munguva pfupi, zvirwere zvinotapukira. Benign kusagadzikana senge kusagadzikana kwekudya uye mycoses; uye zvimwe zvakakomba kusagadzikana senge legionellosis kana hepatitis. Nitrates, semuenzaniso, inowanikwa mukudzika pamusoro pezvikumbaridzo zvekudzora munzvimbo dzakawanda dzedunhu nekuda kwekuita kwekurima uye kushandiswa kwefetereza.
Izvi zvinokonzeresa zvinhu zviviri zvinonetsa: zvinogadzirisa kuenzana kwebhayoloji yenzvimbo dzemumvura nekuda kwechiitiko che eutrophication, uye zvine chepfu kuvanhu.
Vanova muchetura kupfuura imwe chikumbaridzo nekuti ivo vanoshandurwa kuita nitrites, kuburikidza nemabhakitiriya aripo mumuviri. Nechiitiko ichi, ropa harichakwanisi kutakura okisijeni yakakwana kumasero: injodzi inonyanya kukanganisa vanhu vasina kusimba sevana vacheche.
Kune vanhu vakuru, vane njodzi nekuti, pamwe chete nemimwe mishonga yezvipembenene, vanogadzira cocktail chaiyo yecarcinogenic.
Ita uye uzvidzivirire
Zvifambiso zvevoruzhinji nekufamba nemotokari
Nekufamba nzendo pfupi kana refu, ndinofarira mhinduro dzekubatana: mota dzakawandisa dzinotenderera nenyika nemutyairi mumwe chete. Naizvozvo ndinocherekedza mhinduro dziripo kwandiri: chitima, bhazi, kufambisa mota…
Kuchovha bhasikoro, kufamba: 0 kuburitswa kwezvinhambwe zvipfupi
Zvinoratidzwa kuti munzvimbo dzemumadhorobha, bhasikoro rinoramba riri nzira inokurumidza yekufambisa yerwendo rwusingasviki makiromita mashanu. Mumwe muvaviri vekuEurope aizotora motokari yake kuita nzendo dzisingasviki makiromita matatu.
Dambudziko nderekuti nzendo pfupi idzi dzakaitwa nechando cheinjini dzinoburitsa kusvibiswa kwakawanda.
Ndotora mota zvakadaro? Asi mune eco-kutyaira
Eco-kutyaira inzira yekutyaira iyo inochengetedza mafuta uye nekudaro inoderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo. Ndezvekutyaira zvakanaka, kuremekedza miganhu yekumhanya.
Muchidimbu, kwete kutyaira nekukasira uye nehasha. Zvinokoshawo kuti motokari igadziriswe uye kuchengetedzwa.
Mitemo yegoridhe yekudzivirira kusvibiswa
Kuti uzvidzivirire iwe uchazvizivisa iwe pachako
Nenzira imwe cheteyo yatinoona nayo mamiriro okunze mumangwanani, tinogona kuona indekisi yokusvibisa yezuva, pangava pawebhu, paredhiyo, kana kuti paterevhizheni.
Kufembera kunoita kuti zvikwanise kudzikamisa zviitiko zvakanyanyisa kana pakaitika kusvibiswa kwepamusoro, kunyanya kune vanhu vanotambura.
Padandemutande, unogona kubvunza Prév'air kana Airparif saiti yedunhu rega rega. Kuwedzera uye kuwanda maapplication akadai sePlume air Report zvakare anoita kuti zvikwanise kuziva iyo mhepo yemhando index munguva chaiyo.
Adept of public transport iwe uchava
Muchiitiko chekusvibisa kwakanyanya, zvidimbu zvinokuvadza zvinoungana mukamuri yevatakuri yemotokari yako. Tisingatauri kuti ndiro manyuko chaiwo etsvina.
Tinobva tafarira chitima, bhazi, bhasikoro uye dzimwe nzira dzakapfava dzezvifambiso zvemudhorobha nzendo pfupi; carpooling uye chitima kwenzendo refu.
Uye kana iwe uchida chaizvo kutora mota yako, tora vamwe vatakuri ne carpooling uye usakanganwa nezve eco-kutyaira.
Mumoyo wemutambo uchaita
Sezvatakataura, zvinokurudzirwa kudzivirira zvakanyanya kusimba zviitiko zvemuviri muchiitiko chekusvibiswa kwepamusoro.
Zvechokwadi, paunenge uchiedza, bronchi yakazaruka uye inosveta mhepo yakawanda: iwe unonyanya kunetseka uye unowedzera pachena. Saka, kana iwe uchida kumhanya kana kutamba mitambo, sarudza kuenda kunzvimbo yakasikwa.
Mota inodya zvishoma iwe unosimudzira
Paunenge uchitenga mota, tsvaga nezve CO2 yayo inoburitsa uchishandisa label yayo. Tsamba yegirini isingasviki 100 magiramu eCO2 pakiromita inofambwa.
Chinyorwa chitsvuku chinodarika 250 magiramu eCO2 pakiromita inofambwa. Tinogona kusimudzira mota dzemagetsi: pasina kukanganwa kuti musanganiswa wemagetsi wenyika unofarira simba renyukireya.
Kune nzendo pfupi, inoramba yakanaka; mota yakasanganiswa ichave yakakodzera kune nzendo refu.
Iwe uchave nehanya nezvehutano hwemhepo
Indoor kusvibiswa kwemhepo kunowanzo furatirwa, nepo hutano hunokanganisa hwakafanana. Ventilate mukati mako nguva nenguva kudzivirira CO2 uye zvinosvibisa kubva mukuchenesa zvigadzirwa uye machira kubva pakuunganidza. Iwe unogona kuita izvi kaviri pazuva kweinenge maminitsi gumi.
Zvidyarwa zvinosvibisa zvinogona zvakare kuve mhinduro yakanaka: cacti, ivy, kana succulents.
Uyewo dzivisa zvinhu zvine chepfu yekuchenesa, zvichibva pane zvinonyungudutsa uye chlorinated compounds. Zvimwe zvigadziriso zvechisikigo zviripo: vhiniga chena, pasoda yekubheka, kana kunyange sipo nhema.
Zvema antioxidants iwe uchadya
Nei izvi zvichikosha? Muviri unoshandura inenge yese yeokisijeni yatinofema, kunze kwechidimbu chemamorekuru anonzi ma free radicals.
Kusvibiswa kunowedzera chiitiko ichi, uye kunowedzera kukwegura kwemasero. Kudya antioxidant chikafu kunobatsira kusimbisa immune system yako kurwisa dambudziko iri.
Isu tinofunga nezvemichero midiki yakadai seblueberries, goji berries, prunes, kana kunyange sitirobheri uye raspberries, asiwo miriwo yakadai semhiripiri uye broccoli.
In mhedziso
Chii chekugumisa kubva muchikamu ichi? Hatigone kunongedzera munwe kuguta semudzidzi akaipa: zvimedu zvinofamba, kusvibiswa kwakapararira, uye dambudziko riri kupararira pasi rose. Iko zvakare hapana chikonzero chekuvhunduka nezve data rako: iyo pfungwa ndeyekutora maitiro ane mutoro uye kuziva dambudziko.
Mazhinji marongero nematanho aripo, uye atotendera mamwe kuvandudzwa.
Ngatiwedzerei kuti kunyangwe maguta edu akadarika zvikumbaridzo zvekutonga, uye kuti France yaive nyaya yekutongerwa kuchangoburwa izvo zvichazoguma nekuedza kutsva, isu tinoramba tichifarirwa tichienzaniswa nedzimwe nyika dzepasi uko mhepo isingafemeke zvachose, mu Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, kana Pakistan.