Miganhu yekuvanzika: chii uye kuna ani anogona kuudza wepfungwa nezvewe?

Kubudirira kwekuraira kwepfungwa kunonyanya kuenderana nekuti hukama hwekurapa hunokura sei pakati pemutengi nenyanzvi yepfungwa. Hwaro hwehukama uhwu kuvimbana. Kutenda kwaari, mutengi anogovana nenyanzvi yezvepfungwa izvo zvakakosha uye zvakakosha kwaari, anovhura zviitiko zvake. Kugara uye hutano hwe kwete chete mutengi nemhuri yake, asiwo vamwe vanhu dzimwe nguva zvinoenderana nemabatiro anoita nyanzvi ruzivo rwakagamuchirwa panguva yekubvunzana.

Ngatitorei muenzaniso wemufananidzo. Victoria, ane makore makumi maviri nemaviri, manomwe acho, pakusimbirira kwaamai vake, anoenda kunyanzvi dzepfungwa. Zviratidzo - kuwedzera kunetseka, kurwiswa kwekutya, kuperekedzwa nekudzipwa. "Ndinouya kumusangano kungo "chat", hapana kana chinhu. Sei ndaizovhura mweya wangu kune vepfungwa? Vanobva vaudza amai vangu zvese! Ndakanga ndisingazive kuti ndine kodzero yekuvanzika!» Kwemakore manomwe, Victoria akatambura nekurwiswa kwekunetseka kwakanyanya, mhuri yemusikana yakapambadza mari, chirwere chekuzvidya mwoyo chakava chisingaperi - zvese nekuti nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzakamupa zano dzakatyora mutemo wekuvanzika.

Nekuda kwezviito zvakadaro, mhuri dzinogona kuparadzwa, basa uye kukuvara kwehutano zvinogona kuitwa, mhedzisiro yebasa inoderedzwa, uye iyo chaiyo pfungwa yekupa zano repfungwa. Ndosaka kuvanzika kuripo mune ese etsika macode epfungwa uye psychotherapists.

Iyo yekutanga kodhi yetsika kune vepfungwa

Iyo yekutanga kodhi yetsika yevanodzidza nezvepfungwa yakagadzirwa nesangano rine chiremera - American Psychological Association, chinyorwa chayo chekutanga chakaonekwa muna 1953. Izvi zvakatangira makore mashanu basa rekomisheni yemitemo yehutsika, iyo yakabata nezvikamu zvakawanda zvemaitiro enyanzvi dzepfungwa kubva pakuona kwetsika.

Maererano nekodhi, nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzinofanirwa kuchengetedza ruzivo rwakavanzika rwakagamuchirwa kubva kune vatengi uye kukurukura nyaya dzekudzivirira pakutanga kwehukama hwekurapa, uye kana mamiriro ezvinhu akachinja panguva yekuraira, dzokorora nyaya iyi. Ruzivo rwekuvanzika runokurukurwa chete nezvinangwa zvesainzi kana zvehunyanzvi uye chete nevanhu vane chekuita nazvo. Kuzivisa ruzivo pasina kubvumirwa kwemutengi kunokwanisika chete muhuwandu hwezviitiko zvakatemwa mukodhi. Pfungwa huru dzekuburitswa kwakadaro dzine chekuita nekudzivirira kukuvadza kune mutengi nevamwe vanhu.

Pakati penyanzvi dzepfungwa dziri muUnited States, maitiro etsika anozivikanwawo zvikuru. kodhi yeAmerican consultants Association.

MuUS, kukanganisa kunogona kurangwa nerezinesi

“Maererano nebumbiro remitemo reAmerican Association of Consultants, kubudiswa kwenyaya kunobvira bedzi pashure pokunge mutengi averenga mashoko uye apiwa mvumo yakanyorwa, kana kuti mashoko acho akachinjwa zvokuti haazivikanwi,” anodaro Alena Prihidko, imwe mhuri. murapi. - Mubatsiri anofanira kukurukura nemutengi kuti ndiani, kupi uye rini achawana ruzivo rwakavanzika. Zvakare, murapi anofanira kuwana mvumo yemutengi kuti akurukure nyaya yake nehama. Kuendesa nyaya kunzvimbo yeruzhinji pasina mvumo anotyisidzira zvakanaka, zvakanyanya - kukanzurwa rezinesi. Psychotherapists muUnited States vanokoshesa marezinesi avo, nekuti kuawana hakusi nyore: iwe unofanirwa kutanga wapedza dhigirii ra master, wozodzidzira internship kwemakore maviri, kupasa bvunzo, kutariswa, kuziva mitemo uye macode ehutsika. Naizvozvo, zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti vangatyora bumbiro retsika uye kutsanangura vatengi vavo pasina mvumo - semuenzaniso, pasocial network.

Ko isu?

MuRussia, mutemo wekubatsira kwepfungwa hausati wagamuchirwa, hapana kodhi yehutsika inowanikwa kune vese vepfungwa uye hapana masangano makuru ane mukurumbira epfungwa angave achizivikanwa.

Russian Psychological Society (RPO) akaedza kugadzira kodhi yakabatana yetsika yevadzidzisi vepfungwa. Inoburitswa pawebhusaiti yesosaiti, uye inoshandiswa nenyanzvi dzepfungwa dzeRPO. Nekudaro, nepo RPO isina mukurumbira mukuru pakati pevashandi, havasi vese vezvepfungwa vanoedza kuve nhengo dzenzanga, vazhinji havazive chero chinhu nezvesangano iri.

Rondedzero yeRPO yetsika inotaura zvishoma pamusoro pekuvanzika muhukama hwekuraira: "Ruzivo rwakawanikwa nenyanzvi yepfungwa mukushanda nemutengi pahwaro hwehukama hwekuvimbana hausi pasi pekuburitswa kwemaune kana netsaona kunze kwemitemo yakabvumiranwa." Zviri pachena kuti chiremba wepfungwa uye mutengi vanofanira kubvumirana pamashoko ekubudiswa kwemashoko akavanzika uye vozoomerera kune zvibvumirano izvi.

Mitemo yehutsika yevadzidzisi vepfungwa, yakagadzirwa pamwero wemasangano eRussia munzvimbo dze psychotherapy, inosungirwawo kushandiswa chete nenhengo dzemasangano. Panguva imwecheteyo, mamwe masangano haana maitiro avo ehutsika, uye vazhinji vezvepfungwa havasi nhengo dzemamwe masangano.

Zvinoitika kuti nhasi muRussia pakati penyanzvi dzepfungwa hapana kunzwisiswa kwakafanana kwenheyo dzetsika dzehunyanzvi. Kazhinji, nyanzvi dzine nzwisiso yepamusoro-soro yemisimboti yetsika., kusanganisira ruzivo rushoma rwenheyo yekuchengeta zvakavanzika. Naizvozvo, zviri kuramba zvichigoneka kuona matsananguriro anoita nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzepanguva pasina kuwana mvumo yevatengi, kuita runyoro rwezvikumbiro zvevatengi zvisina musoro, uye kuongorora vanotsanangura mumashoko kune zvinyorwa.

Zvekuita kana nyaya yako yabuda pachena

Ngatitii ruzivo rwekushanda newe rwakatumirwa ne psychotherapist paInternet - semuenzaniso, mumasocial network. Tsvaga kuti ndeupi nharaunda yenyanzvi yepfungwa yako ari mukati (kana iwe usina kuziva usati watanga kubvunza).

Kana chiremba wepfungwa ari nhengo yesangano reunyanzvi, iwe uchakwanisa kudzivirira kukanganisa kwekuvanzika kune vamwe vatengi, pamwe nekukuvadza kune mukurumbira weunyanzvi wenyanzvi. Tsvaga saiti yenharaunda yehunyanzvi paInternet. Tarisa chikamu cheCode of Ethics uye uverenge nemazvo. Isa chichemo uye ubate komiti yezvetsika dzenharaunda. Kana usingakwanise kuwana mazita ekodhi nekomiti yezvetsika, ndapota isa chichemo kumutungamiri wenharaunda.

Nekumanikidzwa kubva kune vaanoshanda navo, nyanzvi yezvepfungwa ichamanikidzwa kufunga zvakare maitiro ake kune tsika dzehunyanzvi. Zvichida achadzingwa munzanga, asi chero zvakadaro haazorasikirwi netsika yake, sezvo mabasa epfungwa dzepfungwa munyika yedu haasati apiwa mvumo.

Nzira yekudzivirira kutyora zvakavanzika

Kuti udzivise kutyorwa kwetsika, unofanirwa kutora matanho akawanda padanho rekusarudza chiremba wepfungwa.

Izvo zvakakosha kuti murapi wezano wepfungwa asangove nedzidzo yekutanga yepfungwa, asiwo nyanzvi yekudzidzirazve mune imwe kana kupfuura nzvimbo dze psychotherapy. Anofanirwawo kurapwa ega uye kugarotariswa nevaanoshanda navo vane ruzivo, kuve nhengo yenharaunda dzehunyanzvi.

Pakusarudza nyanzvi…

…kumbira makopi edhipuroma padzidzo yepamusoro uye zvitupa zvekudzidzirazve nyanzvi.

…tsvaga kuti chiremba wepfungwa ari munharaunda ipi uye kuti mutariri wake ndiani. Shanyira webhusaiti yemubatanidzwa, tsvaga nyanzvi yako pakati penhengo dzenzanga. Verenga bumbiro retsika dzesangano.

… bvunza kuti chiremba wako wepfungwa anonzwisisa sei musimboti wekuvanzika. Bvunza mibvunzo chaiyo: “Ndiani kunze kwako achawana ruzivo rwakavanzika? Ndiani achakwanisa kuziva zvatichataura panguva yecounselling?” Mhinduro yakafanira inobva kunyanzvi yendangariro munyaya iyi ingava: “Zvichida ndingada kukurukura nhau yako nomutariri wangu. Unofungei nazvo?"

Aya matanho ekuzvidzivirira achakubatsira iwe kuwana nyanzvi yezvepfungwa yechokwadi yaunogona kuvimba nayo, uye semhedzisiro yekushanda naye wauchawana rubatsiro rwepfungwa runoshanda.