Mabhakitiriya asingaurayiwi nemishonga ari kuwedzera. Vanhu pachavo ndivo vane mhosva yeizvi, iyo yakagadzira mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya uye yakatanga kuishandisa zvakanyanya, kazhinji kunyange pasina kudiwa. Utachiona hwacho hwakanga husina sarudzo kunze kwekuchinja. Kumwe kukunda kwechisikigo - kutaridzika kweiyo NDM-1 gene - inotyisidzira kuve yekupedzisira. Kuita sei nazvo?
Vanhu vanowanzoshandisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya nokuda kwechikonzero chiduku (uye dzimwe nguva pasina chikonzero zvachose). Aya ndiwo maitiro anoita hutachiona husingarapike nemishonga yakawanda, iyo isingarapwe nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inozivikanwa nemishonga yemazuva ano. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya haibatsiri pakurapa zvirwere zvehutachiona nekuti haishande pahutachiona. Asi vanoita mabhakitiriya, ayo mune imwe uwandu anogara aripo mumuviri wemunhu. Zvisinei, mukururama, zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti kurapwa "kwakarurama" kwezvirwere zvebhakitiriya nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, hongu, inobatsirawo pakugadzirisa kwavo kumamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka ezvakatipoteredza.
Sokunyora kunoita The Guardian, “Nguva yemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya iri kusvika kumagumo. Rimwe zuva tichafunga kuti zvizvarwa zviviri zvisina utachiona yaingova nguva yakanaka yekurapa. Parizvino mabhakitiriya haasati akwanisa kudzoka. Zvingaita sekuti kuguma kwenhoroondo yezvirwere zvinotapukira kuri pedyo. Asi ikozvino pachirongwa pane "post-antibiotic" apocalypse.
Kuwanda kwekugadzirwa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya pakati pezana remakore rechimakumi maviri kwakaunza nguva itsva mumishonga. Mushonga wekutanga unorwisa mabhakitiriya, penicillin, wakawanikwa naAlexander Fleming muna 1928. Musayendisiti akautsaura kubva kuhutachiwana hwefungus Penicillium notatum, kukura kwahwo pedyo nemamwe mabhakitiriya kwakakanganisa zvikuru. Kugadzirwa kwakawanda kwemushonga kwakavambwa pakupera kweHondo Yenyika II uye kwakakwanisa kuponesa hupenyu hwakawanda, iyo yakatora hutachiona hwehutachiona hwakabata varwi vakakuvara mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Mushure mehondo, indasitiri yemishonga yaishingaira mukusimudzira nekugadzirwa kwemhando itsva dzemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, yakawanda uye inoshanda uye ichiita pane yakawedzera kuwanda kwehutachiona hunotyisa. Zvisinei, munguva pfupi yakaonekwa kuti mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya haigoni kuva mushonga wepasi rose wehutachiona hwehutachiona, nekuda kwekuti nhamba yemhando dzebhakitiriya yepathogenic yakakura zvikuru uye mamwe acho anokwanisa kurwisana nemigumisiro yemishonga. Asi chinhu chikuru ndechokuti mabhakitiriya anokwanisa kuchinja uye kugadzira nzira dzekurwisa maantibioti.
Kuenzaniswa nezvimwe zvisikwa zvipenyu, maererano nekushanduka-shanduka, mabhakitiriya ane mukana mumwe chete usingarambiki - bhakitiriya rega rega harisi kurarama kwenguva refu, uye pamwe chete rinowedzera nekukurumidza, izvo zvinoreva kuti maitiro ekuonekwa uye kubatanidzwa kwe "favour" shanduko inovatora zvishoma. nguva pane, tomboti munhu. Kubuda kwekurwisa zvinodhaka, ndiko kuti, kuderera kwekubudirira kwekushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, vanachiremba vakacherechedza kwenguva yakareba. Chainyanya kuratidza kwaive kubuda kwekutanga kusanzwa nemishonga, uyezve mhando dzechirwere cherurindi chisingaperi zvinodhaka. Ongororo dzepasi rose dzinoratidza kuti chikamu che7% chevarwere veTB vane utachiona hwemhando iyi. Kushanduka kweMycobacterium tuberculosis, zvisinei, hakuna kugumira ipapo - uye kuomarara kwekurwisa zvinodhaka kwakaonekwa, uko kusingagone kurapwa. Tuberculosis hutachiona hune hutachiwana hwakanyanya, uye nekudaro kutaridzika kwemhando yayo isingadzivirirwe kwakazivikanwa neWorld Health Organisation seine ngozi zvakanyanya uye yakatorwa pasi pehutongi hwakakosha hweUN.
"Kupera kwenguva yemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya" yakaziviswa neGuardian haisi tsika yevezvenhau yekuvhunduka. Dambudziko rakaonekwa napurofesa weChirungu Tim Walsh, ane chinyorwa "Kubuda kweNew Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance muIndia, Pakistan neUK: Molecular, Biological and Epidemiological Aspects" yakabudiswa muna Nyamavhuvhu 11, 2010 mumagazini ine mukurumbira Lancet Infectious Diseases. . Nyaya yaWalsh nevamwe vake yakazvipira pakudzidza kweNDM-1 gene, yakawanikwa naWalsh munaSeptember 2009. Iri geni, rakaparadzaniswa kekutanga kubva kumagariro ebhakitiriya akawanikwa kubva kuvarwere vakafamba kubva kuEngland kuenda kuIndia uye vakaguma. tafura yekushanda ipapo, iri nyore kwazvo kuendesa pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzebhakitiriya semhedzisiro yeinonzi horizontal gene transfer. Kunyanya, Walsh akatsanangura kuchinjirwa kwakadaro pakati peEscherichia coli E. coli yakajairika neKlebsiella pneumoniae, chimwe chezvinokonzera mabayo. Chinhu chikuru cheNDM-1 ndechekuti inoita kuti mabhakitiriya arambe akasimba kune ese ane simba uye emazuva ano maantibioti akadai se carbapenems. Chidzidzo chitsva chaWalsh chinoratidza kuti mabhakitiriya ane majini aya atove akajairika muIndia. Utachiona hunoitika panguva yekuvhiya. Sekureva kwaWalsh, kutaridzika kwejeni rakadaro mubhakitiriya kune njodzi zvakanyanya, sezvo pasina maantibioti anorwisa mabhakitiriya emudumbu ane gene rakadaro. Mushonga unoratidzika kunge uine mamwe makore gumi kusvika genetic mutation yawanda.
Izvi hazvina kuwanda, zvichipihwa kuti kugadzirwa kwemushonga mutsva, miedzo yekiriniki uye kutangwa kwekugadzirwa kwehuwandu kunotora nguva yakareba kwazvo. Panguva imwecheteyo, indasitiri yemishonga ichiri kuda kuve nechokwadi kuti yave nguva yekuita. Zvinoshamisa kuti, indasitiri yemishonga haina kunyanya kufarira mukugadzirwa kwemishonga mitsva. World Health Organization inototaura nehasha kuti hazvibatsiri kuti indasitiri yemishonga igadzire mishonga inorwisa utachiona. Utachiona hunowanzo pora nekukasira: nzira yemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya haipfuuri mazuva mashoma. Enzanisa nemishonga yemwoyo inotora mwedzi kana makore. Uye kana zvisinganyanyi kudiwa pakugadzirwa kwakawanda kwemushonga, ipapo purofiti inoshanduka kuita shoma, uye chishuwo chemakambani chekudyara mune zvesainzi mune ino nzira zvakare inova shoma. Mukuwedzera, zvirwere zvakawanda zvinotapukira zvakanyanyisa, kunyanya zvirwere zveparasitic uye tropical, uye zvinowanikwa kure neWest, izvo zvinogona kubhadhara mishonga.
Pamusoro pezvehupfumi, kunewo zvimiro zvechisikigo - mishonga mitsva yeantimicrobial inowanikwa seyakasiyana yekare, uye saka mabhakitiriya "anojaira" kwavari nekukurumidza. Kuwanikwa kwerudzi rutsva rwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya mumakore achangopfuura hazviitike kakawanda. Zvechokwadi, kunze kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, hutano huri kuwedzerawo dzimwe nzira dzekurapa zvirwere - bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, probiotics. Asi kushanda kwavo kuchiri kwakaderera. Chero zvazvingava, hapana chinotsiva maantibioti ekudzivirira kwehutachiona hwehutachiona mushure mekuvhiyiwa. Kutapurirana mabasa kunokosha zvakare: kudzvinyirirwa kwenguva pfupi kwesimba remuviri remuviri rinodikanwa pakuisirwa nhengo kunoda kushandiswa kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kuchengetedza murwere kurwisa hutachiona. Saizvozvowo, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inoshandiswa panguva yekenza chemotherapy. Kusavapo kwedziviriro yakadaro kwaizoita kuti kurapwa kwese uku, kana kusingashandi, kuve nenjodzi huru.
Nepo masayendisiti ari kutsvaga mari kubva mukutyisidzira kutsva (uye panguva imwe chete mari yekubhadharira kutsvagisa zvinodhaka), isu tese tinofanira kuitei? Shandisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya zvakanyatsonaka uye nekuchenjerera: kushandiswa kwega kwega kunopa "muvengi", mabhakitiriya, mukana wekuwana nzira dzekudzivisa. Asi chinhu chikuru ndechokuyeuka kuti kurwisana kwakanakisisa (kubva pakuona kwemafungiro akasiyana-siyana ehutano uye hutano hwepanyama, mishonga yechinyakare - iyo Ayurveda yakafanana, uye nekungobva pakuona kwepfungwa) kudzivirira. Nzira yakanakisisa yekurwisa zvirwere ndeyekugara uchishanda pakusimbisa muviri wako pachako, uchiuunza mumamiriro ekuwirirana.