foreword
Mafuta emiriwo akacheneswa anowanikwa kubva kumbeu yemiti yakasiyana-siyana. Mafuta embeu ari polyunsaturated, zvinoreva kuti ari mvura pane tembiricha.
Kune akawanda marudzi emafuta emuriwo akacheneswa, anosanganisira canola kana canola mafuta, soya bean mafuta, chibage mafuta, sunflower oil, safflower oil, uye peanut oil.
Izwi rekuti "mafuta emiriwo" rinoreva mafuta akasiyana-siyana anowanikwa kubva kumichindwe, chibage, soya kana sunflowers.
kugadzirwa kwemafuta emichero
Nzira yekubudisa mafuta yemiriwo kubva kumbeu haisi ye squeamish. Tarisa pamatanho ekuita uye zvisarudzire iwe kana ichi chiri chigadzirwa chaungade kushandisa.
Saka, mbeu dzinotanga kuunganidzwa, sesoya bhinzi, rapeseed, donje, mhodzi dzesunflower. Kazhinji, mhodzi idzi dzinobva muzvirimwa zvakagadziridzwa magene kuti dzisamirire kuwanda kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene inoshandiswa muminda.
Mbeu dzinocheneswa kubva kumateko, tsvina neguruva, dzobva dzapwanywa.
Mbeu dzakapwanyika dzinopisa kusvika kune tembiricha ye110-180 madhigirii mubhati yekudziya kuti utange nzira yekubvisa mafuta.
Zvadaro, mhodzi dzinoiswa mumuchina we-multi-stage press, umo mafuta anosvinwa kunze kwepulp achishandisa kupisa kwepamusoro uye kuputika.
Hexane
Zvadaro mbeu yemhodzi nemafuta zvinoiswa mumudziyo une solvent yehexane uye inogadziriswa pamvura yekugezera kuitira kusvina mamwe mafuta.
Hexane inowanikwa nekugadzira mafuta asina kuchena. Chinhu chinyoro chinotindivadza. Kufemera pamusoro pehuwandu hwehexane kunoguma nekufara kwakapfava kunoteverwa nezviratidzo zvakaita sekukotsira, musoro uye kusvotwa. Chronic hexane toxicity yakaonekwa muvanhu vanoshandisa hexane kutandara, pamwe nevashandi veshangu fekitori, vagadziri vefenicha, uye vashandi vemotokari vanoshandisa hexane seanonamatira. Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvechepfu zvinosanganisira tinnitus, mazamu mumawoko nemakumbo, zvichiteverwa nekushaya simba kwetsandanyama. Muzviitiko zvakakomba, muscle atrophy inoitika, pamwe nekurasikirwa kwekubatana uye kukanganisa kwekuona. Muna 2001, US Environmental Protection Agency yakapasisa mutemo wekudzora kubuda kwehexane nekuda kwekugona kuita carcinogenic zvimiro uye kukuvadza nharaunda.
kuwedzera kugadzirisa
Iko kusanganiswa kwembeu nemafuta kunozoitwa kuburikidza necentrifuge uye phosphate inowedzerwa kutanga nzira yekuparadzanisa mafuta nekeke.
Mushure mekubviswa kwe solvent, mafuta asina kuchena anoparadzaniswa uye solvent inoputika uye inodzorerwa. Makukha anogadzikiswa kuti awane zvigadzirwa zvakaita sechikafu chemhuka.
Mafuta emuriwo asina kuchena anobva aenderera mberi nekugadziriswa, kusanganisira degumming, alkalizing uye bleaching.
Kubvisa mvura. Munguva iyi, mvura inowedzerwa kumafuta. Pakupera kwekuita, iyo hydrous phosphatides inogona kupatsanurwa kana ne decantation (decantation) kana ne centrifuge. Munguva yekushanda, yakawanda yemvura inonyunguduka uye kunyange chikamu chiduku chemvura-insoluble phosphatides inobviswa. Iwo akabviswa resin anogona kugadziriswa kuita lecithin yekugadzira chikafu kana nekuda kwehunyanzvi.
Bucking. Chero mafuta acids, phospholipids, pigments uye wax mumafuta akabviswa zvinotungamira kune mafuta oxidation uye zvisingadiwi mavara uye zvinonaka muzvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira. Izvi zvinosvibisa zvinobviswa nekurapa mafuta ne caustic soda kana soda ash. Tsvina inogara pasi uye inobviswa. Mafuta akacheneswa akareruka muruvara, haanyanye viscous uye anonyanya kukonzeresa oxidation.
Bleaching. Chinangwa chekuchenesa ndechekubvisa chero zvinhu zvine mavara kubva mumafuta. Mafuta anopisa anobatwa neakasiyana siyana ebleaching maajenti akadai seakazara, akabatidzwa marasha uye ivhu rakagadzirwa. Tsvina yakawanda, kusanganisira chlorophyll uye carotenoids, haina kurerekera nekuita uku uye inobviswa uchishandisa mafirita. Nekudaro, kuchena kunowedzera mafuta oxidation sezvo mamwe echisikigo antioxidants uye zvinovaka muviri zvinobviswa pamwe nekusachena.