Mifananidzo yakavanzwa mukusaziva haisi nyore kuona uye zvakatonyanya kutsanangura mumashoko. Asi kusangana nenyika yezvakaitika zvakadzika, izvo zvinodiwa kuti tive nehupenyu hwakanaka, zvinogona kusimbiswa pasina rubatsiro rwemashoko, nyanzvi dzinoti.
Kuedza kusvika kune vasina chavanoziva uye kupinda munhaurirano nayo inoonekwa seyakafanirwa yevanodzidza nezvepfungwa. Asi hazvina kudaro. Kune akawanda psychotherapeutic nzira dzinogadzirisa kusaziva nedzimwe nzira. Apo pasina mazwi akakwana, mifananidzo, kufamba, mimhanzi inouya kununura - iyo inowanzotungamirira kune zvakadzika zvepfungwa nenzira pfupi.
Art kurapa
Nhoroondo. Nzira yacho yakatanga muma1940, uye Natalie Rogers, mwanasikana wepfungwa yepfungwa Carl Rogers, anozivikanwa zvikuru pakati pevasiki vayo. Natalie akabatsira baba vake kuita zvirongwa zveboka. Uye ndakaona kuti vatori vechikamu vaneta nekugara, kutaura uye kuteerera kwemaawa akawanda. Akakurudzira kushandisa kudhirowa, mimhanzi, kufamba - uye zvishoma nezvishoma akagadzira yake gwara.
Hunhu hwenzira. MuChirungu, kune mazwi maviri: art therapy (visual arts therapy, chaizvo art therapy) uye arts therapy (kurapa nemhando dzese dzehunyanzvi zvakajairika). Asi kune rimwe divi riri kuwana simba, iro rakamuka kumakore ekuma1970 uye rinonzi expressive arts therapy kuChirungu. MuchiRussia tinoidaidza kuti "intermodal therapy neexpressive arts". Kurapa kwakadai kunoshandisa marudzi akasiyana ehunyanzvi muchikamu chimwe chekurapa. Inogona kunge iri kudhirowa, uye kufamba, uye mimhanzi - mubatanidzwa wemarudzi ese aya.
Murapi anofanirwa kuve nehanya zvakanyanya kuti azive nguva yekufamba kubva kune imwe art fomu kuenda kune imwe. Paunogona kudhirowa chimwe chinhu, kana uchigona kuchiratidzira nemimhanzi kana mazwi. Izvi zvinowedzera huwandu hwepesvedzero, zvichibvumira kusaziva maitiro kuti aenderere mberi. Pane zviratidzo, zviratidzo zvaunoda kufamba nazvo, zvichipa mutengi kuti aende kune imwe modhi.
Nhetembo, semuenzaniso, chishandiso chakanaka chekusimbisa zvakakosha pane zvakakosha. Isu tinoshandisa mahara kunyora kana mutengi achigona kunyora ega kwemaminitsi gumi. Uye zvino chii chekuita neichi chinyorwa? Isu tinokurudzira kuti mutengi anyore pasi, toti, mazwi mashanu - uye gadzira haiku kubva kwavari. Saka kubva muzvinyorwa zvinogamuchirwa mukunyora zvakangoerekana zvaitika, tinosimbisa zvakakosha uye tinozvitaura nerubatsiro rwenhetembo.
Kubatsirwa. Mutengi anogona kuenda kumisangano yehunyanzvi hwekurapa asingakwanise kudhirowa, kuveza, kana kunyora nhetembo. Pane maitiro ekubatsira kubvisa kuoma kwekusakwanisa uye kutya kuzviratidza nenzira iyi. Somuenzaniso, unogona kudhirowa neruoko rwako rworuboshwe. Kutya pakarepo kunopfuura - anenge hapana anoziva nzira yekukwevera neruoko rwavo rworuboshwe.
Mukana wakakosha we art therapy uye intermodal art therapy, ini ndinofunga kuchengetedza kwavo. Basa riri kuitika pamwero wekufananidzira, nemifananidzo. Nekushandura mufananidzo, kudhirowa, isu tinoshandura chimwe chinhu mukati medu. Uye kunzwisisa kuchauya panguva yakakodzera, iyo isingafaniri kukurumidzirwa.
Kwaani uye kwenguva yakareba sei. Art therapy inoshanda nekurasikirwa, kushungurudzika, hukama uye matambudziko avo. Zvese izvi zvinogona kudhonzwa, kuumbwa, haiku inogona kugadzirwa kubva kune zvese - uye kushandurwa mukuita kwekugadzira. Chirongwa chinotora awa nehafu, nzira yekurapa - kubva pazvikamu zvishanu (nguva pfupi kurapwa) kusvika kumakore 2-3.
Pane zvimwe zvinorambidzwa. Ndaimboshanda mukiriniki yevarwere vepfungwa, uye ndinoziva kuti zvakaoma kushandisa nzira dzokudhirowa nevanhu vari mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Kunyangwe vakakwanisa kuwana mhedzisiro navo. Ndinoyeuka musikana ane makore 19 ane kunonoka kukura (akaramba ari pamwero wemakore mashanu). Mumifananidzo yake, pakati pemadhidhi asina kugadzikana, pane imwe nguva bere negava zvakangoerekana zvaonekwa. Ndakabvunza: ndiani uyu? Aiti gava rakafanana naamai vake, uye bere rakafanana naye. "Uye gava rinoti kudii nebere?" — «Gava rinoti:» Usakura.
Kurapa kwejecha (sandplay)
Nhoroondo uye musimboti nzira. Nzira yacho yakatanga pakati pezana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Munyori waro ndiDora Kalff, mudzidzi waCarl Gustav Jung. Mune chimiro chayo chazvino, kurapwa kwejecha kunosanganisira matireyi maviri emapuranga masendimita makumi mashanu ne50 masendimita ane jecha rakanyorova uye rakaomarara uye zvidhori zvinoratidzira vanhu, mhuka, dzimba, vatambi vengano, uye zviitiko zvechisikigo.
Iyo nzira yakavakirwa pane zano reJungian ongororo nezve kudzoreredzwa kwenhaurirano pakati pekuziva uye kusaziva munzvimbo yemahara uye yakachengetedzwa yekurapa. Kutamba jecha kunobatsira "kunhonga mativi edu" - izvo zvatinoziva zvishoma nezvedu kana zvatisingazive zvachose semugumisiro wekudzvinyirirwa uye kushungurudzika.
Dora Kalff anotenda kuti sandplay inobatsira pakuita kweSelf yedu - iyo yepakati ye psyche, yakapoteredza iyo kubatanidzwa kunoitika, zvichiita kuti kutendeseka kweunhu. Mukuwedzera, "mutambo" wakadaro unomutsa kuzvidzora, unobatsira kuburikidza nemutambo kutendeukira kune chikamu chevana che "Ini" yedu. Yaive maari iyo Jung akaona zviwanikwa zvakavanzika zve psyche uye mikana yekuvandudzwa kwayo.
Kubatsirwa. Sandplay inzira yechisikigo uye inonzwisisika, nekuti isu tese takatamba mubhokisi rejecha sevana, uyezve nejecha pamahombekombe. Kushamwaridzana kwese nejecha kunofadza, saka nzira yacho inokonzera kushomeka kushoma. Panguva yekugadzirwa kwemifananidzo, isu hatikurukure kana kududzira. Zvakakosha kuti isu titange maitiro kuitira kuti mifananidzo ibudirire mumwe nomumwe. Pakupera kwebasa, mutengi uye ini tinokwanisa kukurukura mutsara wemifananidzo yake, mapikicha andinochengeta mushure mechikamu chimwe nechimwe.
Nerubatsiro rwezvidhori munzvimbo yebhokisi rejecha, mukomana akaonekana nababa vake ndokutanga kudzokera kuhupenyu hwemazuva ose.
Kana tichitaura pamusoro pekushanda, saka heino muenzaniso wezvino. Ndakazoshanda nemukomana ane 10 years. Baba vake vakafa zvinosiririsa. Mukomana akashungurudzika zvikuru nekurasikirwa, aigara achirwara, akatanga kuzvidzora, akarega kutaura. Munguva yezvidzidzo, akavanza pasi pedhesiki - akazvibata semwana ane autism, kunyange zvazvo asina chirwere chakadaro.
Muzvikamu zvekutanga, akanzvengesa maziso ake, aisada kuonana. Ndakati: “Zvakanaka, ndiri kuona kuti hausi kuda kutaura, handisi kukunetsa. Asi isu tinogona kutamba. " Uye akatanga kugadzira mifananidzo mujecha. Akafara nemukana uyu uye akagadzira mifananidzo inoshamisa. Vaiona nyika paaiva, paive nemhuri isati yaitika nhamo. Asi akaenda ikoko, uye baba vake vaigara vachionekwa pedyo naye.
Akafamba nenzira yakaoma, nerubatsiro rwemifananidzo munzvimbo yebhokisi rejecha, akaonekana kuna baba vake, nyika yevapenyu nevakafa yakaparadzaniswa, mukomana akatanga kudzokera kuhupenyu hwemazuva ose. Ndakanga ndiripo, ndakatsigirwa, ndakaedza kunzwa mamiriro ake kuburikidza nemifananidzo. Zvishoma nezvishoma, akatanga kundivimba, nguva yakasvika yaakataura neni kekutanga, paakanyemwerera. Takashanda kwerinopfuura gore, uye jecha rakaita basa guru mubasa iri.
Kwaani uye kwenguva yakareba sei. Kana pasina contraindications pakurapa kazhinji, nzira iyi inogona kushandiswa. Chirongwa chinotora maminitsi makumi mashanu. Pane kurapwa kwenguva pfupi kunotarirwa pamigumisiro yezviitiko zvakashata. Uye kune, semuenzaniso, basa rakaoma uye rakareba rine neuroses. Kune vamwe, mwedzi mishoma inokwana, asi vamwe vanoenda kwemakore mashanu.
Kutaura kuti tiri kushandura kusaziva mubasa iri, handingatyi. Kazhinji zvinotishandura. Asi tinomukoka kunhaurirano. Tinozviongorora pachedu, nzvimbo dzedu dzemukati, tinosvika pakuzviziva pachedu zviri nani. Uye uve noutano hwakanaka mupfungwa.
Dhanzi kufamba kurapwa
Nhoroondo. Kutaura nezve dhanzi-movement therapy, unofanirwa kutanga ne psychotherapist Alexander Lowen, mugadziri webioenergetics. Akakakavadzana: zvisungo mumuviri zvinoumbwa kubva pauduku semhinduro kune simba repfungwa. Amai vakashevedzera kumwana kuti: "Usatya kuchema!" Anozvidzora, uye pahuro pake pakamanikana. Murume anokurudzirwa kutsungirira, kwete kuratidza manzwiro - kune chisungo munharaunda yemoyo. Naizvozvo, kurova kwemoyo kunowanikwa muvarume kupfuura vakadzi.
Hunhu hwenzira. Mukutamba, kusaziva kunozviratidza nerubatsiro rwemifananidzo uye manzwiro emuviri. Mumwe munhu anodzorwa nekunzwa kwemuviri paanotamba, uye mumwe munhu anotamba mifananidzo inooneka. Tinodzidza kuteerera muviri, kutevera mafungiro awo. Hatifanirwe kuisa zviitiko zvedu mumashoko. Nekubatsirwa kwekutamba, unogona kushanda kuburikidza nemanzwiro ose. Somuenzaniso, kurambana.
Munhu wega wega ane ruzivo rwekuparadzana, kurasikirwa nevadikani - uye chiitiko ichi chinogara mumuviri zvakare. Tinotakura marwadzo aya kwemakore akawanda. Uye zvakaoma kutaura nezvazvo. Uye kushanda nemuviri kunobatsira kuwana marwadzo aya - uye kukunda.
Kakawanda tinomira padanho rokurwiswa, tichipomera watakachata naye kana kuti watakarasikirwa naye, tichizvipa mhosva isu kana kuti nyika yose nokuda kwokusaruramisira. Kazhinji vanhu havazvioni. Uye kutamba kunonyura mumamiriro ezvinhu anorwadza aya, uye muviri unopa kutsamwa, utsinye. Vatengi vanowanzobvuma kuti panguva ino vanoda kubvarura chimwe chinhu nemaoko avo, kutsika tsoka dzavo. Apa ndipo panokosha kuzvidavirira.
Kutaura chinhu chinodiwa pakutamba-kufamba kurapa. Asi iyo huru yekurapa maitiro haipiwi nemashoko, asi nekufamba.
Dhanzi-movement therapy inowanzopindwa nevaya vane mumusoro seti yekufamba mumisoro yavo. Zvishoma nezvishoma, vanovhura, vanotanga kuita mafambiro akange atokanganwa. Pasi pesimba rezvikonzero zvepfungwa - kutambura, kuora mwoyo, kushungurudzika - vazhinji vanokotama, vanodzikisa mapendekete avo nemusoro, vanokotama pasi pehuremu hwezvinetso, uye mukurapa tinopa zororo kumuviri wose. Basa rinoitwa muboka, uye ichi chikamu chakakosha chekurapa. Tine, semuenzaniso, chiitwa apo vatori vechikamu vanobatana uye mumwe nemumwe achitambira mumwe wake.
Kutarisa kweumwe munhu chinhu chakakomba chinoshandura kutamba, mafambiro. Uye pakupedzisira tinoita dhanzi rekutenda. Hatitauri shoko, tinoratidza kuonga kwedu kune dzimwe nhengo dzeboka nemaziso edu, zviratidzo, kufamba. Uye panguva yekutamba uku, gara uchichema! Mushure mekutamba, tinokurukura zvakasangana nemunhu wese uye kunzwa. Kutaura chinhu chinodiwa pakutamba-kufamba kurapa. Asi iyo huru yekurapa maitiro haipiwi nemashoko, asi nekufamba.
Kwaani uye kwenguva yakareba sei. Kosi yakajairika ndeye 8-10 misangano kamwe pasvondo. Chimwe chidzidzo chinotora maawa 3-4. Zera harina kukosha zvachose, dzimwe nguva vasikana vanouya kuzotamba nevacheche, pakanga paine kunyange boka rakasiyana kwavari. Uye zvechokwadi, inobatsira kune vanhu vakuru. Vanogara vachisiya mune yakanaka mood. Varume mumapoka, zvinosuruvarisa, vanogona kuverengwa paminwe. Kunyange zvazvo kushanda kwemaitiro evarume nevakadzi kwakafanana.