Mukati
Kushandiswa kwesimbi muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva kwakatanga mambakwedza ekukura kwevanhu, uye mhangura yaive yekutanga simbi, nekuti inowanikwa mune zvakasikwa uye inogona kugadziriswa nyore. Hazvishamisi kuti vanochera matongo panguva yekuchera vanowana zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana uye midziyo yemumba yakagadzirwa nesimbi iyi. Mukuita kwekushanduka-shanduka, vanhu zvishoma nezvishoma vakadzidza kubatanidza simbi dzakasiyana-siyana, kuwana mamwe uye akasimba alloys akakodzera kugadzirwa kwezvishandiso, uye gare gare zvombo. Munguva yedu, kuedza kunoenderera mberi, nekuda kwekuti zvinokwanisika kuziva simbi yakasimba kwazvo munyika.
10 Titanium
Titanium inovhura chiyero chedu - yakasimba-yakasimba simbi yakaoma iyo yakakurumidza kukwezva kutarisa. Zvinhu zvetitanium ndezvi:
- simba rakananga rakakwirira;
- kupikisa kutonhora kwakanyanya;
- low density;
- corrosion resistance;
- mechanical uye chemical resistance.
Titanium inoshandiswa muindasitiri yemauto, mushonga wendege, kuvaka ngarava, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzekugadzira.
9. Uranium
Chinhu chinonyanya kuzivikanwa, icho chinoonekwa seimwe yesimbi yakasimba kwazvo pasi rose, uye pasi pemamiriro akajairika isimbi isina simba reradioactive. Muzvisikwa, inowanikwa mune yakasununguka mamiriro uye mune acidic sedimentary matombo. Iyo inorema, yakaparadzirwa zvakanyanya pasirese uye ine paramagnetic zvivakwa, kuchinjika, kugoneka, uye hukama hwepurasitiki. Uranium inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzekugadzira.
8. Wolfram
Inozivikanwa sesimbi inorambisisa pane ese aripo, uye ndeyesimbi dzakasimba kwazvo pasi rose. Icho chinhu chakasimba chekuchinja kwechinhu chinopenya chesirivha-grey ruvara. Iine iyo yakanyanya kusimba, yakanakisa infusibility, kuramba kune makemikari pesvedzero. Nekuda kwehunhu hwayo, inogona kugadzirwa uye kudhonzwa kuita shinda yakatetepa. Inozivikanwa se tungsten filament.
7. Rhenium
Pakati pevamiririri veboka iri, inofungidzirwa sesimbi yekushandura yehupamhi hwepamusoro, silvery-white muvara. Inoitika muzvisikwa muchimiro chayo chakachena, asi inowanikwa mu molybdenum uye mhangura mbishi zvinhu. Iyo inoratidzira kuomarara kwepamusoro uye density, uye ine yakanakisa refractoriness. Iyo yakawedzera simba, iyo isingarasikirwe nekudzokororwa kwekushisa kuchinja. Rhenium ndeyesimbi inodhura uye ine mutengo wakakura. Inoshandiswa mune zvemazuva ano tekinoroji uye zvemagetsi.
6. Osmium
Sirivha inopenya chena ine tint ine bluish zvishoma, ndeyeboka replatinamu uye inoonekwa seimwe yesimbi yakasimba kwazvo pasi rose. Zvakafanana neiridium, ine yakakwira atomic density, simba rakakura uye kuoma. Sezvo osmium iri yeplatinamu simbi, ine zvimiro zvakafanana neiridium: refractoriness, kuoma, brittleness, kuramba kushushikana kwemagetsi, pamwe nekufurirwa kwenzvimbo dzine hutsinye. Yakawana kushandiswa kwakakura mukuvhiya, electron microscopy, indasitiri yemakemikari, rocket tekinoroji, zvemagetsi michina.
5. Beryllium
Ndecheboka resimbi, uye chinhu chakareruka chegrey chine kuoma kwakasiyana uye huturu hwepamusoro. Nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwakasiyana, beryllium inoshandiswa mune dzakasiyana siyana maindasitiri:
- simba renyukireya;
- aerospace engineering;
- metallurgy;
- laser tekinoroji;
- simba renyukireya.
Nekuda kwekuoma kwayo kwakanyanya, beryllium inoshandiswa mukugadzira alloying alloys uye refractory zvinhu.
4. Chrome
Chromium ndiyo inotevera mumasimbi gumi epamusoro akasimba pasi rose - simbi yakaoma, yakakwirira-yakasimba bluish-white inoshingirira kune alkalis nemaasidhi. Inoitika muchisikigo muchimiro chayo chakachena uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumapazi akasiyana siyana esainzi, tekinoroji uye kugadzira. Chromium Inoshandiswa kugadzira akasiyana alloys anoshandiswa mukugadzira ezvokurapa uye zvemakemikari kugadzirisa michina. Mukubatana nesimbi, inoumba ferrochromium alloy, iyo inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwesimbi-kucheka maturusi.
3. Tantalum
Tantalum inokodzera bhuronzi muyero, sezvo iri imwe yesimbi yakasimba kwazvo munyika. Isimbi ine sirivha ine kuoma kwepamusoro uye kusimba kweatomu. Nekuda kwekuumbwa kweiyo oxide firimu pamusoro wayo, ine lead tint.
Kusiyanisa zvinhu zve tantalum isimba rakakwirira, refractoriness, kuramba kune corrosion uye hutsinye media. Iyo simbi ndeye ductile simbi uye inogona kugadzirwa nyore nyore. Nhasi tantalum inoshandiswa zvinobudirira:
- muindasitiri yemakemikari;
- mukuvakwa kwemagetsi enyukireya;
- mukugadzirwa kwemetallurgical;
- paunenge uchigadzira alloys anodzivirira kupisa.
2. Ruthenium
Mutsara wechipiri wezviyero zvesimbi dzakasimba kwazvo pasi rose inogarwa neruthenium - simbi ine silvery yeboka replatinamu. Chimiro chayo kuvepo mukuumbwa kwemhasuru tishu yezvipenyu. Yakakosha zvimiro zveruthenium isimba rakakura, kuoma, refractoriness, makemikari kuramba, uye kugona kuumba makomisheni akaomarara. Ruthenium inoonekwa seinokonzeresa kuita kwemakemikari akawanda, inoshanda sechinhu chekugadzira maelectrode, mabatiro, uye matipi akapinza.
1. Iridium
Chiyero chesimbi dzakasimba zvakanyanya pasi rose inotungamirwa neiridium - sirivha-chena, yakaoma uye isingachinji simbi inova yeboka replatinamu. Muzvisikwa, chinhu chepamusoro-chakasimba hachiwanzoitiki, uye chinowanzobatanidzwa ne osmium. Nekuda kwekuoma kwayo kwechisikigo, inonetsa kumichina uye inopikisa zvakanyanya kumakemikari. Iridium inopindirana nekuoma kukuru kune zvinokonzerwa nehalogens uye sodium peroxide.
Iyi simbi inoita basa rinokosha muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Iyo inowedzerwa kune titanium, chromium uye tungsten kuvandudza kuramba kune acidic nharaunda, inoshandiswa mukugadzira zvinyorwa, inoshandiswa muzvishongo kugadzira zvishongo. Mutengo weiridium unoramba wakakwira nekuda kwekuvapo kwayo kushoma mumasikirwo.