Katrans, katranovye - mhuri huru yeshaki yakakura-kati, iyo inosanganisira genera maviri uye 70 marudzi. Zviyero kazhinji hazvipfuuri 2 m, nepo mhando zhinji dzekatranovyh dzinokura kusvika 60-90 cm. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti boka rose re katranovidnye (spiny sharks) rinobatanidza 22 genera uye 112 marudzi. Kuparadzirwa zvakanyanya. Nzvimbo yavo yekugara imvura inotonhora uye inotonhora-inotonhora yeWorld Ocean muNorthern neSouthern Hemispheres. Katrans inonyanyozivikanwa pakati pevadikani veRussia vehove dzegungwa, nekuti iyo yakajairika kana yakaonekwa spiny shark (katran), inogara mumakungwa ichigeza nharaunda yeRussia, ndeyemhuri imwe chete. Iyi ihove diki inosvika 1 m, kunyangwe dzimwe nguva kune vanhu vangangoita 2 m kureba uye kurema kusvika 14 kg. Hune hunhu hwakarebesa muviri. Chimiro chechimiro chekunze kuvepo kwepickly spike pazasi pe dorsal fins. Kazhinji inotungamirira hupenyu hwemombe. Kudya kwe shark kwakasiyana chaizvo. Chikafu chikuru chekatrans mhando dzakasiyana dzehove diki, senge herring, sardines, nezvimwe. Asi nekupihwa hupenyu hwepasi pasi, iyo menyu inosanganisira akasiyana crustaceans, makonye, mollusks nezvimwe. Mhosva dzekufamba kwenguva refu kwespiny shark dzinozivikanwa, asi zvinotendwa kuti nzvimbo huru yekugara iri munzvimbo yemahombekombe pakadzika kusvika 200 m. Iyo katran yerudzi urwu ndiyo yakakura kwazvo pakati pemhuri. Dzimwe hove hadzizivikanwi uye ishoma pakuwanda. Imwe mhando yakajairika ndeye diki spiny shark, iyo inogonawo kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzemvura dzeRussia. Mamwe marudzi e katran anorarama chete pakadzika zvakadzika. Pakati peizvi: black spiny shark, Portuguese shark. Kudzika kwekugara kwemarudzi akadaro kunogona kusvika 2700 m. Katrans chinhu chakakurumbira zvikuru chekuvaraidza hove. Kunyange zvazvo vabati vehove vachifunga kuti shark idzi imhuka dzinokuvadza, nokuti dzinowanzoparadza giya remambure uye dzinodya hove. Ihove dzinosiyaniswa neinonaka, isiri-bhonzo nyama isina kunhuhwirira kwakananga, semhando dzakawanda dzedzimwe shark.
Nzira dzokubata hove
Katran inobatwa zvine chinangwa, uye inosvikawo seyakabatwa. Izvi hazvidi giya rakasarudzika, sekutonga, zviri nyore, uye chinhu chikuru isimba. Kuti ubate katran, unogona kushandisa midziyo yekutenderera, tiers, madhongi uye nezvimwe. Kune vakawanda vanobata hove pamahombekombe eGungwa Dzvuku, kubata hove katran ibasa rinonakidza, nekuti ihove ine moyo ine nyama inonaka uye nyoro. Zvakakosha kucherechedza pano kuti nzvimbo yekugovera yeuXNUMXbuXNUMXbthe katran, mumakungwa achigeza Russia, haipere neBlack Sea. Panguva yekufamba nechikepe pedyo neKola Peninsula uye kuFar East, zvinokwanisika kusangana nemapoka eiyi shark diki, iyo inovhima hove dzeherring nedzimwe hove diki. Iyo shark inobatwa zvese kubva kumahombekombe uye kubva kune akasiyana mabhoti. Mugungwa, katrana inowanzotsvakwa nemapoka emakungu anoperekedza zvikoro zvehove duku. Kumwero mukuru, hove iyi inobatwa pakubata uchishandisa chirauro chakasikwa. Tichifunga nezve chokwadi chekuti shark inowanzofarira mararamiro epasi, kushandiswa kweakasiyana giya rezasi, kunyanya kana hove kubva kumahombekombe, zviri nani. Manheru uye usiku, katran inowanzosvika kumahombekombe ichitsvaga chikafu, kazhinji munzvimbo dzebasa revanhu.
Kuredza tara pakuruka
Vazhinji vanoita basa vanobata katran vachishandisa michina yekuruka. Vamwe varedzi vane maonero ekuti matanda ekutenderera anofanira kunge ari "giredhi remugungwa". Chinodiwa chikuru chetsvimbo kugovera simba rakakwana, asi chiito chinokurudzirwa kuva chepakati nekukurumidza kana padyo neparabolic. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti hove, kunyanya padanho rekutanga rekutamba, inoita jerks dzakapinza, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira mukurasikirwa kwegiya. Kune hove katran, tsvimbo dzehove dzakashongedzerwa nedzose dziri mbiri uye dzisiri-inertial reels dzakakodzera. Kuredza kweCatran pakuruka kwemugungwa kunonyanya kushanda nekunyengerera kwakatwasuka uye jigging. Muzviitiko zvese, nekubata hove pane katran, zvakakosha kushandisa leashes dzakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvinogara. Mushanduro yakapfava, inogona kunge yakakora monofilament, fluorocarbon, zvichingodaro. Kubata hove kwegungwa, sekutonga, hakudi zvidhori zvakapfava, uye kana iri katran, usakanganwa kuti iyi shark, kunyange idiki. Paunenge uchirwa, zvakakosha kutya kwete zvakanyanya mazino semapikisi anopinza mumafins. Paunenge uchishandisa zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira, zvinokwanisika kubata hove nenzira dzechinyakare dze "casting", pamwe ne "track" kana "trolling". Paunenge uchiruma, zvakakosha kuita kucheka kwakapinza, tichifunga nezvekuti iyo yakadzika yakadzika, kunyanya kutsvaira kunofanira kuva. Kunyanya kubata hove kunowanikwa nekushandisa zvimedu zvehove nyama, shellfish uye zvimwe zvinhu pane chirauro.
Zviredzo
Sezvatotaurwa, kubata hove kwakabudirira kwekatrans kunoitwa uchishandisa machira echisikigo. MuGungwa Dzvuku, vabati vehove vanobata katrans pamwe chete nedzimwe mhuka, saka vanoshandisa marauro echinyakare pakubata hove, sehove dzekucheka, hove, makonye egungwa, hove dzechidiki, nezvimwewo. Paunenge uchishandisa snap-ins ye vertical spinning, zvinokwanisika kushandisa ese makuru uye madiki spinners ane mamwe sinkers, semuenzaniso, mu "sliding" vhezheni. Paunenge uchibata hove nekutsika-tsika, zvinodikanwa kushandisa mamwe machira ekumhanya.
Nzvimbo dzekuredza uye dzekugara
Sezvatotaurwa, katrans mumakungwa inomiririrwa zvakanyanya. Sezvo mutemo, ivo havapo munzvimbo dzeequatorial, subequatorial uye munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeArctic neAntarctic. MuNorth-West, munharaunda yemvura yeRussia, katran inozivikanwa munzvimbo yeMurmansk uye Arkhangelsk (Barents uye White Seas). Pano inonzi nokotnitsa kana marigold. Kuredza kwakakurumbira kwekatrana muBlack Sea. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuFar East, katran inogona kubatwa mumvura yemakungwa ose ari pedyo nenharaunda yeRussia, kubva kuGungwa reBering uye mberi kumaodzanyemba. Kuredza katrans kwakakurumbira munyika dzeEast uye Southeast Asia. Hapana zvishoma zvakagadziridzwa ndiko kubviswa kwekatrans muNorthern uye Western Europe. Pamusika weEurope, hove dzinogona kuuya pasi pezita rokuti "sea eel".
Kubereka
Katrans yese ndeye ovoviviparous. Katran vakadzi vanotakura vana mu utero 13-15 mazai. Kubereka kwakaderera zvikuru, kazhinji mwana mumwe chete anozvarwa muvakadzi. Mune mamwe marudzi, kubata pamuviri kunoitika kweanenge makore maviri. Hukuru hwehove dzichangozvarwa dzinenge 2-20 cm.