Chibereko (kubva kuLatin uterus), inhengo isina mhango yerudzi rwechikadzi uye inotarisirwa kugarisa nekusimudzira kukura kwezai rakasanganiswa.

nzvimbo. Chibereko chiri mu pelvis kuseri kwe dundira, uye pamberi pe rectum. Chibereko chiri muchimiro chepiramidhi rakapidiguka. Muchikamu chayo chepamusoro, machubhu maviri echibereko, kana fallopian chubhu, anoiswa kune rumwe rutivi chiso. Chikamu chayo chezasi chinovhurira kumukadzi. (1)

mamiriro. Chibereko inhengo isina mhango ine madziro akakora, kunyanya ane tsandanyama. Inoumbwa nezvikamu zviviri (1) (2):

• Muviri wechibereko ndicho chikamu chikuru. Inowanikwa kubva pasi pechibereko, chikamu chepamusoro chakatenderedzwa panopinzwa machubhu e fallopian, kusvika pakutetepa kuchiita makutano pakati pemuviri nemuromo wechibereko, inonzi isthmus yechibereko.
• The cervix inhengo yakamanikana inoumbwa nezvikamu zviviri:

  – The endocervix, kana endocervical canal inhengo yemukati memuromo wechibereko inotangira kubva paivhu ichienderera mberi kusvika panovhura mubeche.

  - Iyo exocervix, inoenderana nekunze kweiyo cervix uye iri muchikamu chepamusoro chemukadzi.

Wall. Mudhuri wechibereko wakagadzirwa nemitsara mitatu (3):

• Iyo perimetrium inoenderana nekunze kwakaputira muviri uye chikamu chechibereko.
• Iyo myometrium inoumba chikamu chepakati chakagadzirwa nemhasuru dzakatsetseka
• Iyo endometrium iyo inoumba mukati memukati unovhara chibereko uye ine glandular cell.

tsigira. Marunda akasiyana anotsigira chibereko, kunyanya matsinga echibereko, kana marunda akatenderera echibereko. (1)

Basa panguva yekuzvitakura. Chibereko chinonyanya kuitirwa kugarisa embryo. Panguva yekusangana kwezai, iyo yekupedzisira ichazviisa mu endometrium pamwero wemuviri wechibereko.

Kuenda kumwedzi. Inoita seti yekunatsurudzwa kwechikadzi chenhengo yesikarudzi kuti ikwanise kugamuchira zai rakasanganiswa. Mukushaikwa kwekusangana, endometrium, jira remuviri wechibereko, rinoparadzwa uye rinobudiswa kuburikidza nemuromo wechibereko uyezve kuburikidza nemukati. Ichi chiitiko chinoenderana nenguva yekuenda kumwedzi.

Cervical dysplasia. Dysplasias maronda emukenza. Dzinowanzokura panosangana nharaunda pakati pemuromo wechibereko nemuviri wechibereko. Vanogona kuwedzera kune rumwe rutivi rwe ectocervix uye endocervix.

Papillomavirus yevanhu. Human papillomavirus (HPV) chirwere chepabonde. Inouya nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana: zvimwe zvinogona kukonzera maronda asina kunaka mumuromo wechibereko asi mamwe anobatsira mukugadzirwa kwezvironda zveprecancerous. Muchiitiko chekupedzisira, papillomavirus yemunhu inonzi inogona kuve oncogenic kana "panjodzi huru" (4).

Benign mapundu. Benign (asina kenza) mapundu anogona kukura (3).

• Uterine fibroids. Bundu iri rinobva mumasero etsandanyama, zvikuru aya emudhuri wechibereko.
• Endometriosis. Iyi pathology inoenderana nekukura kwe endometrial tissue kunze kwechibereko.

Gomarara rechibereko. Mhando dzakasiyana dzegomarara dzinogona kuitika muchibereko.

• Endometrial cancer. Gomarara iri rinokura mumaseru eendometrial emuviri wechibereko. Inomiririra ruzhinji rwekenza yechibereko.
• Gomarara remuromo wechibereko Gomarara remuchibereko rinogona kuitika kana maronda emudumbu akawedzera kuva masero egomarara, kusanganisira cervical dysplasia.

Kuvhiya kurapwa. Zvichienderana nechirwere uye nekufambira mberi kwayo, kupindira kwekuvhiya kunogona kuitwa sekubviswa kwechikamu chechibereko (conization).

Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, yakanangwa kurapwa. Cancer kurapwa kunogona kutora chimiro chemotherapy, radiotherapy kana kunyangwe yakanangwa kurapwa.

Kuongorora muviri. Kutanga, kuongorora kwepanyama kunoitwa kuti kuongorore zviratidzo uye maitiro ekurwadziwa.

Medical imaging bvunzo Pelvic ultrasound, CT scan, kana MRI inogona kushandiswa kusimbisa kuongororwa muchibereko.

Hysterography. Kuongorora uku kunobvumira kutarisa kwechibereko chechibereko.

Colposcopy: Kuongorora uku kunoita kuti utarise madziro emuromo wechibereko.5

Biopsy: Inoitwa pasi pecolposcopy, ine sampuli yetishu.

Pap smear: Izvi zvinosanganisira sampuli yemasero kubva kumusoro kwemukadzi, ectocervix uye endocervix.

HPV kuongorora bvunzo. Uyu muedzo unoitwa kutarisisa papillomavirus yemunhu.

Kubva 2006, mushonga wavepo wekudzivirira kutapukira nekuda kwehuman papillomavirus. Uku kufambira mberi mune zvekurapa kwakagoneka nekuda kwebasa renyanzvi yehutachiona Harald zur Hausen, akahwina Mubairo weNobel mukurapa muna 20086 Mushure memakore anopfuura gumi ekutsvagisa, akabudirira mukuratidza hukama pakati pehutachiona hunokonzerwa nepillomavirus yemunhu uye kuitika kwe. Kenza.