Kubva pamufananidzo weblack-and-white, musikana ane uta ari kunyatsonditarisa. Uyu ndiwo mufananidzo wangu. Kubva ipapo, kureba kwangu, uremu, chimiro chechiso, zvandinofarira, ruzivo uye maitiro zvakachinja. Kunyangwe mamorekuru ari mumasero ese emuviri akakwanisa kushanduka zvachose kakawanda. Uye zvakadaro ndine chokwadi chokuti musikana ane uta mumufananidzo uye mukadzi mukuru akabata mufananidzo mumaoko ake ndiye munhu mumwe chete. Izvi zvinobvira sei?
Ichi chirahwe muuzivi chinonzi dambudziko rekuzivikanwa kwemunhu. Yakatanga kunyorwa zvakajeka nemuzivi wechiRungu John Locke. Muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, Locke paakanyora zvinyorwa zvake, zvaidavirwa kuti munhu "chinhu" - iri ndiro izwi vazivi vanodana icho chinogona kuvapo chega. Mubvunzo waingove wekuti imhandoi yezvinhu - zvinhu kana zvisiri zvenyama? Muviri unofa kana kuti mweya usingafi?
Locke akafunga kuti mubvunzo wakanga usina kunaka. Nyaya yemuviri inoshanduka nguva dzese - ingave sei vimbiso yekuzivikanwa? Hapana akamboona uye haazooni mweya - shure kwezvose, ndeye, netsanangudzo, isiri-zvinhu uye haikwereti kune tsvakurudzo yesayenzi. Tinoziva sei kana mweya wedu wakafanana kana kuti kwete?
Kubatsira muverengi kuona dambudziko zvakasiyana, Locke akagadzira nyaya.
Hunhu uye hunhu hunoenderana nehuropi. Kukuvara kwake uye zvirwere zvinotungamirira kukurasikirwa nounhu hwake.
Fungidzira kuti mumwe muchinda anomuka rimwe zuva oshamisika kuona ari mumuviri wemugadziri weshangu. Kana muchinda akachengeta ndangariro dzake dzese nemaitiro kubva muhupenyu hwake hwekare mumuzinda, kwaanogona kunge asingachabvumirwi kupinda, isu tinomutora semunhu mumwe chete, kunyangwe shanduko yakaitika.
Kuzivikanwa kwemunhu, maererano naLocke, ndiko kuenderera kwendangariro uye hunhu nekufamba kwenguva.
Kubva muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, sainzi yakatora danho rakakura kumberi. Zvino isu tinoziva kuti hunhu uye hunhu hunhu zvinoenderana nehuropi. Kukuvara kwake uye zvirwere zvinotungamirira mukurasikirwa neunhu hwake, uye mapiritsi nemishonga, zvinokanganisa kushanda kweuropi, zvinokanganisa maonero edu nemaitiro.
Izvi zvinoreva here kuti chinetso chokuzivikanwa somunhu chinopedzwa? Mumwe muzivi wechiRungu, akararama panguva yedu Derek Parfit, haafungi kudaro. Akauya neimwe nyaya.
Kwete ramangwana riri kure. Masayendisiti akagadzira teleportation. Recipe iri nyore: pakutanga, munhu anopinda mudumba umo scanner inonyora ruzivo nezve nzvimbo yeatomu yega yega yemuviri wake. Mushure mekuongorora, muviri unoparadzwa. Ipapo ruzivo urwu rwunoendeswa neredhiyo kunzvimbo yekugamuchira, uko chaiko muviri mumwechete unounganidzwa kubva kune zvakagadziridzwa zvinhu. Mufambi anongonzwa kuti anopinda mukamba yePasi, anorasikirwa nehana kwesekondi uye anobva apengenuka atova paMars.
Pakutanga, vanhu vanotya teleport. Asi kune vanofarira vakagadzirira kuedza. Pavanosvika kwavaienda, vanotaura pese apo rwendo rwacho rwakafamba zvakanaka - zviri nyore uye zvakachipa pane zvechinyakare zvikepe. Muvanhu pfungwa dziri kudzika midzi yekuti munhu angori mashoko.
Kuzivikanwa kwemunhu nekufamba kwenguva kungave kusiri kwese kwakakosha - chakakosha ndechekuti izvo zvatinokoshesa uye rudo zvinoramba zviripo.
Asi rimwe zuva rinoparara. Derek Parfit paanodzvanya bhatani mudumba retereporter, muviri wake unotariswa zvakanaka uye ruzivo rwunotumirwa kuMars. Nekudaro, mushure mekuongororwa, mutumbi waParfit hauparadzwe, asi unoramba uri paPasi. Parfit wepanyika anobuda mucabin uye anodzidza nezvedambudziko rakamuwira.
Parfit munhu wepanyika haana nguva yekujaira pfungwa yekuti ane kaviri, sezvaanogashira nhau nyowani dzisingafadzi - panguva yekuongororwa, muviri wake wakakuvadzwa. Anofanira kufa nokukurumidza. Parfit the earthling ari kuvhunduka. Zvine basa nei kwaari kuti Parfit the Martian arambe ari mupenyu!
Zvisinei, tinofanira kutaura. Vanoenda pavhidhiyo kufona, Parfit the Martian anonyaradza Parfit the Earthman, achivimbisa kuti achararama hupenyu hwake sezvavaironga vese kare, achada mudzimai wavo, kurera vana uye kunyora bhuku. Pakupera kwehurukuro, Parfit the Earthman anonyaradzwa zvishoma, kunyange zvazvo achiri kukwanisa kunzwisisa kuti iye nemurume uyu paMars, kunyange kana asingazivikanwe kubva kwaari pasina, angave munhu mumwe chete?
Ndeipi tsika yenyaya iyi? Parfit muzivi akarinyora anoratidza kuti kuzivikanwa nekufamba kwenguva kungave kusinganyanyi kukosha-chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti zvatinokoshesa uye rudo zvinoramba zviripo. Kuti pave nemunhu anorera vana vedu nenzira yataida, uye kupedza bhuku redu.
Vazivi vanoda zvinhu zvenyama vangagumisa kuti kuzivikanwa kwomunhu, pashure pokurangarira zvose, kuzivikanwa kwomuviri. Uye vatsigiri vedzidziso yeruzivo rwemunhu vanogona kugumisa kuti chinhu chikuru ndechekuchengeta kuchengetedza.
Nzvimbo yevanoda zvinhu iri padyo neni, asi pano, semugakava ripi neripi reuzivi, chimwe nechimwe chezvinzvimbo chine kodzero yekuvepo. Nokuti zvinobva pane zvisati zvabvumiranwa. Uye izvo, zvisinei, hazvigone kutisiya isu tisina hanya.