Mukati
Iyo pike yakajairika ihove yemhuri yepike. Inowanikwa mumvura yakachena yeEurasia neNorth America. Inogara munzvimbo dzemahombekombe uye mumakwenzi emvura. Imwe yemikombe yaidiwa pakati pevaredzi. Kune ngano dzakawanda pamusoro pemapiki mahombe anowanikwa mumadhamu edu. Asi ndezvechokwadi here? Ngationei kuti pike yakakura sei uye kuti mumiririri mukuru we "toothy" akabatwa anorema sei.
Ko pike inokura sei?
Masayendisiti anotenda kuti pike hairarame makore anopfuura 30-33. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti vashomanana vavo vanopona kusvika pazera rakakura kudaro. Kukura kwavo kunopfuurira kwoupenyu hwose. Zvisinei, kusimba kwayo kunosiyana zvikuru gore negore. Dzinokura zvakanyanya muchirimo, muzhizha iyi nzira inononoka, uye muvhuvhu inotanga zvakare, kunyangwe isiri kukurumidza sechirimo. Munharaunda dzekumaodzanyemba vanokura zvakanyanya, kuchamhembe - zvishoma.
Hove idzi dzinogona kusvika pakukura kukuru. Pike yakakura inogona kunge yakareba mamita maviri uye inorema anenge 2-30 kilogram.
batsira: Kune marudzi mashanu epike. Vaviri vavo vanogara mumvura yakachena yeEurasia, iyi pike yakajairika (kuchamhembe) uye Amur. Vamwe vatatu vanogara mumvura dzeAmerica, aya ndiwo masking, ane mitsetse uye ane tsvuku-finned pike.
Maererano nekuona kwaSabaneev, munhu mukuru pike anowedzera anenge 2 cm kureba pagore. Izvi zviratidzo zvinongoenderana uye zvese zvinoenderana nezvakawanda zvinhu.
Nhamba chaidzo dzinosiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo uye mamwe nuances:
- ukuru hwenzvimbo yemvura;
- kuwanda kweforage base;
- huwandu hwechikara ichi;
- oksijeni chiyero;
- makemikari emvura.
Vabati vehove vane ruzivo vanoziva kuti nzizi hombe nemadziva anochengeta mikombe yakawanda kupfuura madhamu madiki. Mumadziva maduku nemadziva, pike "inosimbisa". Izvi zvinoreva kuti muviri wehove unova mutete, wakatsikirirwa kumativi ose. Munzvimbo diki dzemvura, chiyero chekukura kwechikara chinoshanduka; haizokwanisi kuwana huwandu hwayo hwakazara kunyange nehurefu hwehupenyu hwakafanana nehwehama dzemazino kubva kumvura yakakura.
Zvinodyiwa nepike zvinokanganisawo kukura kwayo. Munzizi duku, chigadziko chekudya chisina simba chinogona kuderedza kurema kwehove. Kune zvakare chikafu chidiki mumvura yakavharwa isina kubatana nenzizi. Munguva yemafashamo, hove dzinosvika ikoko kuzobereka, mushure mokunge mvura inodonha, uye pike inoramba iripo kusvikira nguva inotevera yemvura yakakwirira. Munzvimbo dzakadai, chikara chine muviri usina kuenzana chinowanzouya: chine musoro wakakura uye muviri mutete.
Hwaro hwechikafu chemhuka ine mavara inosanganisira:
- chikwevaropa, mbira, makonye;
- crustaceans uye benthic zvipenyu;
- matatya, hove dzechidiki;
- shiri dzemvura nemakonzo.
Iyo pike haina kuzvidza vana vayo uye kazhinji inorwisa rudzi rwayo. Muromo wakafara unomubvumira kudya chero chinhu: kubva kuhove duku kusvika kumakonzo anoshambira mhiri kwerwizi. Pakutanga kwehupenyu, apo zvipembenene zvinoputika kubva mazai zvinotanga nzira yavo pachavo, zvinodya plankton, cyclops, daphnia nezvimwe zvipenyu zviduku. Iyo pike fry ine urefu hwe 7-8 mm uye, kana yolk sac yakagadziriswa, inoshandura kumararamiro emhuka.
Mugore rekutanga, hove diki inowana huwandu hwe100 g uye inogona kudya zvese hove caviar, mhute, uye pwere. Iyo pike diki inochengeta pakadzika, pamuganhu wezvinomera, mukoramu yemvura pamusoro pemakomba.
Kusavapo kwemamwe marudzi ezvikara zvinokutendera kuti unzwe wakasununguka, udye zvakawanda uye usatya kurwiswa kubva perch, chub, zander kana catfish. Iyo diki pike munzvimbo yemvura, zviri nyore kuti iwane kuwanda.
Muchando, apo nzara yeokisijeni inotanga pasi peaizi, kukura kwehove kunoderera. Simba rose rinoshandiswa pakukura kwemazai mukati memunhu, kudya kwayo uye hutano hwevana venguva yemberi.
Kwete iyo yekupedzisira inokanganisa kukura kwepike ndiko kuumbwa kwemvura. Mvura yakaoma inokanganisa kuwedzera kwehuremu hwechikara, ichichidzikisa pasi. Mumadziva akapfuma mumatombo egoko, pike inokura zvishoma nezvishoma kupfuura mumadhamu epeat. Munyu unobatawo basa.
Kupesvedzera kwakasimba kunoitwa nedzvinyiriro inobva kune varedzi. Vazhinji vanoda nhandaro yekunze vanobata pwere vasingafungi, votora zvidhori zvinogona kubereka vana vakakura.
Iyo pike catch inokanganisa kuvapo kwechikara mudziva, pamwe nenhamba yevanhu vakuru. Kana tikafunga nezvekucherechedza kweichthyologists, saka tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti zvinotora makore angangoita gumi pakuonekwa kwechikara chikuru mumvura. Paunhu, chiyero chevakadzi kune varume chinoshanduka nezera. Mumakore ekutanga ehupenyu, ivo vakapatsanurwa zvakaenzana, zvino pane shanduko kune varume. Pazera remakore 10-10, kune vakadzi vakawanda; pakupera kwekutenderera kwehupenyu, reshiyo iyi inomira pa12/10%. Vanhukadzi vanowana huremu hwakawanda uye vanorarama kwenguva refu.
Avhareji uremu uye saizi yepike
Muna 1930 muLake Ilmen, chikara chakareba mamita 1,9 uye chinorema 35 kg chakabatwa. Idzi dzaive nhau dzinonakidza, sezvo pike kazhinji inokura 1,6 metres uye inorema 25 kg.
Iye zvino varedzi havana rombo rakanaka sezvavaimboita. Vanobata vanhu vadiki 50-70 cm uye huremu 1,2-3 kg. Hove inorema 3-7 kg haina kunyanya kuwanda. Vabati vehove vazhinji vanovhima pike inorema 14-15 kg hupenyu hwavo hwose, asi havamboiwana.
Hove huru dzinogara mumvura dzomusango, umo dzine mikana yose yekurarama kusvika pakuchembera kwakaibva.
Zvinotendwa kuti zvikara izvi zvinorarama kwenguva yakareba - makore anopfuura 100. Zvisinei, iyi ingano. Kutaura zvazviri, vanorarama avhareji yemakore 18-20. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akanaka uye mvura yakakwana nemhepo, pikes inogona kurarama kusvika kumakore makumi matatu, asi kazhinji inofa apo iyo oksijeni inowanikwa mumvura iri pasi pe30 mg / l. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, hove dzakawanda dzinouraya dzinoitika mumvura isina kudzika munguva yechando, apo oxygen saturation yemvura inodonha nekuda kweicing pamusoro.
Tafura: Chiyero chezera, saizi uye uremu hwepike
Kuti uone zera repike nehuremu uye saizi, unogona kushandisa inotevera data:
Kubva patafura unogona kuona kuti ndechipi chikara chine mavara chinosvika 50, 60, 80 cm uye kunyange 1 m kureba, kana zvinopesana - sarudza zera repike nehurefu kana uremu. Semuenzaniso: pike yakareba-mita inorema avhareji ye8,5-9,5 kg, uye munhu anorema 3 kg akararama kweanenge makore gumi nemaviri.
Maximum pike uremu
Varedzi vanonyora nhamba huru yengano, ngano uye ngano pamusoro pehove huru. Maererano neimwe ngano yakadaro, pike yakakura yakabatwa muGermany. Huremu hwayo hwaive 140 kg, uye kureba kwayo kwaive 5,7 m. Zvisinei, nyaya iyi haitsigirwi nechero chokwadi.
Munyika
Rimwe zuva raitonhora raGumiguru muna 1986 muGermany, mubati wehove Louis Lotaru akakweva munhu mukuru anorema 25 kg kubva kuLake Griffin. Panguva iyoyo yakanga iri rekodhi, yakatonyorwa muGuinness Book. Gare gare, akapa bvunzurudzo kumagazini anozivikanwa zvikuru aifarira kubata kwake. Muredzi akataura kuti haana kumbofunga kuti mapikicha makuru akadaro anogona kuwanikwa muLake Griffin. Akabatwa ari mupenyu. Louis akatotambura, achiburitsa zvaakawana kubva mumvura - akaruma maoko ake.
Uyewo pane rondedzero yehove huru pane pike, yakabatwa muSwitzerland nemubati wehove Akom Nilsson. Mhuka yacho yairema 21 kg. Hove dzakabatwa nechirango. Ane rombo rakanaka haana kukwanisa kusunungura chikara kwenguva yakareba, kurwa kwakaenderera kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu. Asi murume akaunganidza simba rake uye piki akakanda mapfumo pasi.
Muna Zvita 1990 muSwitzerland, mumwe munhu anorema 19 kg akabatwa nechirauro mhenyu. Mumwe muredzi akamubata paLake Maggiore yeko.
MuRussia
Munhu mukuru akabatwa munyika yedu ndeye 1930. Pike yakabatwa muLake Ilmen. Network ine mufananidzo nehove iyi (ona pazasi). Vabati vehove vatatu vakagwinya vanomubata mumaoko avo. Mhumbi yairema 35 kg.
Imwe rekodhi yeRussia yakaitwa nevaredzi pedyo neguta reSortavala. Kubata kukuru kwakadaro kwakaitika netsaona, vakakweva dzimwe hove, asi yakashanda sechirauro chepike hombe. Sechiredzo chisingaite, pakanga painewo pike inorema 5 kg. Chikara cherekodhi chakarema 49 kg.
Zvisinei, gare gare, kuchamhembe kweRussia, imwe rekodhi yakagadzwa. Mumwe murume akabata chikara chinorema 56 kg muLake Uvildy.
Rekodha uremu
Huremu hwepamutemo hwemunhu mukuru pasi rose hwakanyorwa muGuinness Book of Records. Akabatwa nemubati wehove wokuIrish mune rimwe dziva romunzvimbomo. Huremu hwepike yakakura yaive 43,5 kg.
Maximum pike size
Maererano nemasayendisiti, anogona kusvika pazera remakore anopfuura makumi matatu uye anorema anenge 30 kg.
Maximum pike urefu
Kusvika iye zvino, kureba kwayo kunosvika mita imwe nehafu.
Ndeipi saizi pike inobvumirwa kubatwa
Hukuru hwevanhu vanotenderwa kubatwa hunodzorwa nemutemo wenyika inobatwa hove. Kubatwa kunopimwa kubva panotangira mhino kusvika pakati pemuswe, panoperera makwande.
Ndeapi saizi pike inobvumirwa kubatwa muRussia
Zvinoenderana nemirairo yeRussian Federation ye2019, iyo inotenderwa yekubata huwandu ndeye:
- Pike nekukuvara kwakanyanya kubva pa25 cm.
- Nekukuvadza kudiki kubva pa35 cm.
Yakabatwa pike idiki muhukuru inofanira kuburitswa mudziva pasina kukundikana. Kana mubati wehove akatariswa nekuongorora hove uye kutyorwa kwehukuru hwehove akaonekwa, anotyisidzirwa nezvirango zvinotevera:
- kwekutanga - faindi ye5000 rubles nekutorwa kwekubata uye zvese zvekushandisa hove;
- kechipiri - faindi inosvika 300 rubles uye kubatwa kwegiya.
Kana mubati wehove akatyora mutemo nguva nenguva, ipapo vatariri vehove vane kodzero dzese dzekunyorera kune vane kodzero dzevanhu uye vanoda kuti muredzi ave nemhosva.
Ndeapi saizi pike inobvumirwa kubatwa muBelarus
MuRepublic of Belarus, kubata hove kunorambidzwa panguva yekubereka - kubva munaKurume 1 kusvika Kubvumbi 15 munzvimbo dzese kunze kweVitebsk. Uye munharaunda yeVitebsk, haugoni kubata hove iyi kubva munaMarch 9 kusvika kuApril 25. Ukuru hwevanhu hunofanira kunge huri 35 cm.
Iwe haugone kubata anopfuura 5 kg yehove iyi pamunhu pazuva.
Panharaunda yeour country
Zviremera zveour country zvakare zvinotarisira kuzadzazve kweiyo biocenosis yemitumbi yemvura. Mutemo unorambidza kubata pike munharaunda yeGungwa Dzvuku isingasviki 32 cm, kureba kwechikara munharaunda yeAzov inofanira kunge inenge 35 cm. Munhu wechidiki anokwanisa kuunza vana vakawanda, ndicho chikonzero kana hove yakadaro inosvika pahove, inofanira kusunungurwa pakarepo mumvura.
Pike ihove yakasarudzika, pamusoro peiyo ngano dzakawanda uye ngano dzakagadzirwa, dzakabatana nehukuru hwayo. Nehurombo, hofori pikes haiwanzo kuwanikwa muzana ramakore rechi21. Asi, pamwe rimwe zuva uchave nerombo rakanaka uye uchave muridzi wemukombe werekodhi.