White caviar

Mazhinji marudzi e caviar kubva kurwizi nehove dzegungwa anoonekwa seanonaka. Mutengo weinoshamisa inonaka dema sturgeon, salmon tsvuku uye yakaomeswa Icelandic cod caviar inosvika padanho rinotyisa, asi chena beluga caviar inoonekwa seyakanyanya kudhura uye yakasarudzika.

Beluga inozivikanwa sehove huru kubva kumhuri yesturgeon ^[1]. Huremu hwayo hunosvika 50 kilograms. Yakaonda coarse beluga nyama yakabikwa, yakakangwa, yakabikwa, yakabikwa, uye inoshandiswa pahove kebabs. Iyo haiputsi kuita zvidimbu, inobata chimiro uye inoshivirira kurapwa kwekupisa zvakanaka. Asi beluga caviar inoshandiswa muzvikamu zviduku sechikamu chinonyanya kukosha chekudya.

Chii chaunoda kuziva nezve beluga uye chena caviar, nzira yekusiyanisa chigadzirwa chemhando kubva kune chenhema, uye zvakakosha here kushandisa zviwanikwa zvako pazvinhu izvi zvinonaka zvemugungwa?

General chigadzirwa maitiro

Beluga ihove kubva kumhuri yesturgeon ^[2]. Mhando iyi inosanganisirwa muRed Book reInternational Union for Conservation of Nature. Beluga inozivikanwa sehove huru yemvura yakachena, uye uremu hwevamiririri vakuru vemhuri iyi hunosvika tani imwe nehafu.

Iyo beluga inoratidzirwa nekapfupi mhuno, iyo inonongedza kumusoro, asi iyo yakapfava uye isina nhovo pamativi. Muromo wehove wakakura, mwedzi, muromo wezasi unokanganiswa. Beluga antennae akatsikirirwa pamativi uye ane madoti ane mashizha-akafanana nemashizha. Iyo gill membranes yehove yakakura pamwe chete uye yakagadzira yakasununguka kupeta pasi penzvimbo ye intergill uye ndeimwe yemhando dzayo dzinosiyanisa. Muviri wose webeluga wakafukidzwa nemapfupa emapfupa. Kumashure kwakapendwa mumumvuri wegrey-brown, ukuwo dumbu rakareruka. ^[3].

Kukura kwebeluga kunoshamisa. Imwe yehove huru yemvura yakachena inosvika 4-5 mamita pakureba. Zvinoenderana nedata isina kusimbiswa yakagamuchirwa kubva kune vabati vehove uye vabati vehove mumaindasitiri, vakasangana kunyanya vanhu vakakura vanorema kusvika matani maviri uye 2 metres kureba.

Zvinonakidza: zvakakanyiwa kunyanya hove hombe dzinochengetwa mumamuseum. Semuenzaniso, beluga yakabatwa muna 1989 yakachengetedzwa muAstrakhan museum. Kurema kwayo kwaiva 966 makirogiramu, uye kureba kwayo kwaiva mamita mana. ^[4]. Kupfuura 100 kilogiramu ye caviar yakawanikwa kubva kumhuka.

Habitat

Beluga inoonekwa sehove inonzi anadromous. Chikamu chehupenyu hwayo chinoitika mugungwa, uye chikamu munzizi dzinoyerera mairi. Nzvimbo huru yekugara ndeyeBlack, Azov neCaspian Seas. Kubva ipapo, hove dzinopinda munzizi kuti dzibereke. Kana vanhu vekare beluga vanga vakawanda, ikozvino mhuka iyi iri pasi pekutyisidzira kwekutsakatika. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwehove dzakabatwa uye kuwedzera kwayo kutengeswa nemutengo wakakwirira.

Kusvikira 70s yezana remakore rechi30, hove dzaigara muGungwa reAdriatic, kubva kwayakabva kune Po River. Asi beluga yakangoerekana yanyangarika munzvimbo iyi, uye haisati yamboonekwa pamhenderekedzo yeAdriatic mumakore XNUMX apfuura.

Huwandu hwehove dzeAdriatic hunonzi hwakatsakatika.

Chordal kukura / kubereka

Hupenyu hwehove hunogona kusvika pachiratidzo chemakore zana, saka mhuri inorongerwa seyakagara kwenguva refu. Anenge ese ma<em>sturgeon anobatana uye anoberekesa mazai kakawanda muupenyu hwavo. Izvi hazvisi zvechokwadi kune hove dzose. Semuenzaniso, salmon yePacific inofa pakarepo mushure mekubereka. Pakupera kwekubereka, beluga inodzokera kunzvimbo yayo yekugara: kubva kurwizi kudzokera kugungwa.

Yakagadzirwa caviar iri pasi uye inonamira. Ukuru hwefry hunosiyana kubva pa1,5 kusvika ku2,5 centimita. Kazhinji, fry roll mugungwa, asi mamwe maenzanisi anogara munzizi uye anogara imomo kusvika kumakore 5-6. Kukura kwepabonde muvakadzi kunoitika pazera remakore 13-18, uye muvarume pamakore 16-27 (nguva inoshanda inowira mugore rechi22 rehupenyu).

Kukura kwehove kunoenderana nekukura kwemukadzi, asi muvhareji unosiyana kubva pa500 kusvika kumamiriyoni mazai. Muzviitiko zvakasiyana, nhamba iyi inogona kusvika mamiriyoni mashanu.

Kutama

Munguva yekubereka, hove dzinofamba dzichienda kunzizi: kubva kuGungwa Dzvuku - kusvika kuDanube neDnieper, kubva kuAzov - kusvika kuDon uye Kuban, uye kubva kuCaspian - kuenda kuKura, Terek, Ural neVolga. Nguva yekuberekesa inotanga muna Kurume uye inopera muna Zvita. Mapoka maduku ehove anosara kusvika munguva yechando munzizi, asi zhinji dzinodzokera kumakungwa.

Zvimiro zvezvokudya

Mucheni yechikafu, beluga yakanyorwa sechikara. Inodya zvakanyanya nehove. Hunhu hwekupamba hunozviratidza pakarepo mushure mekuzvarwa: fry inotanga kuvhima hove duku uye mollusks.

Chokwadi: Masayendisiti akawana vana mudumbu reCaspian Beluga.

Beluga chikafu vanokwikwidza vane yakanyanya kufanana kudya uye mararamiro:

• zander;
• asp;
• pike;
• sturgeon;
• stellate sturgeon.

Kudyidzana kwevanhu nehove uye kukosha kweindasitiri yezvekudya

Beluga inoonekwa sehove yakakosha yekutengesa. Kusvika kuma90s, kubata kwebeluga kwakaverengera kupfuura 10% yegore rose rekubata sturgeon. Kubva pakutanga kwe90s, kwave kune kuderera kunoramba kuripo padanho rekubatwa kwemaindasitiri ^[5]. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuderera kwehuwandu uye kuchengetedzwa kwehove neInternational Union for Conservation of Nature ^[6].

Munhu anoshandisa nyama, matumbu, ganda, misoro uye caviar yebeluga. Kuwanda kwemafuta mumuviri wehove ndeye 7%, mumatumbo - 4%; Nhamba yepamusoro yakanyorwa mu caviar - 15%. Beluga nyama yakanyoroveswa, yakaoma, yakabikwa, yakabikwa uye inoiswa pamusika mufomu yakaoma. Iyo elmiga (sturgeon chord) inodyiwawo, uye mhinduro dzakakosha dzinogadzirwa kubva kune akaomeswa ekushambira mabladder ekujekeswa kwewaini.

Beluga caviar inomiririrwa pamusika mune ese maviri marudzi:

• grainy. Iyi mhando ye caviar haina pasteurized. Inoumbwa nemhodzi dzemunyu dzisina kukwana, dzinoparadzaniswa nyore nyore kubva kune mumwe. Vanogayiwa kuburikidza nesefa yakakosha kubvisa mafirimu uye mitsetse. Caviar inogona kuva shoma kana yakasimba munyu mbiya. Mhando yegranular inonziwo mbishi;
• vakamanikidzwa. Pakarepo mushure mekubata, iyo caviar inoiswa munyu mu yastiks (yakasikwa firimu umo caviar inochengetwa), mushure mezvo inoiswa mumidziyo yakakosha, yakaomeswa uye yakarungwa. Chigadzirwa chacho chinosunungurwa kubva mumafirimu emaovari, mucus, tsinga, uyezve yakapwanyika mumabheti makuru nemapusher. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mazai anova akakora, akazara nebrackish beluga mafuta.

Nhamba dzeBeluga dzakadzikira zvakanyanya mumakungwa ese. Nzvimbo dzekuberekesa dzechisikigo dzakavakwa pamusoro, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwehuwandu ^[7]. Kubereka kwehove kwekugadzira kwakaratidza kushanda kwakaderera, sezvo pakanga pasina vagadziri vakagadzirira kutora chikamu chemusika ichi. Chimwe chinhu chakakonzera chimiro chebeluga kubata hove mumakungwa nemunzizi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, yakapihwa chinzvimbo che "Spees padhuze nekutsakatika". Iye zvino masayendisiti ari kushingaira kugadzira nzira itsva dzekuberekesa hove, kuvandudza biotechnology yekuberekesa kwekugadzira uye kuedza kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzavo dzekugara. ^[8].

Munzvimbo yakasikwa, hove inosanganiswa nesturgeon, stellate sturgeon, sterlet uye munzwa. Nerubatsiro rwekusimwa, zvakakwanisika kugadzira marudzi akati wandei ehove akabudirira kugadzika muVolga, Kuban, Gungwa reuXNUMXbuXNUMXbAzov nemamwe madhamu. Mahybrids eSturgeon akabudirirawo kudzika midzi mumapurazi ezve aquaculture.

Chii chaunoda kuziva nezve beluga caviar?

Vakadzi veBeluga vanokanda black caviar, asi chena caviar inowanikwa nekuda kwekushanduka kwechisikigo. Pakati pesturgeon, sepakati pezvimwe zvipenyu, albinism inoitika. ^[9]. Uku ndiko kusavapo kwekuzvarwa kwe pigment, iyo inokonzera mumvuri weganda, iris uye ruvara rwebvudzi. Mamwe masturgeons haana pigment inodiwa, uye anotora chena-chena hue. Iyo caviar yebeluga yakadaro inoshandurawo ruvara kuva chena. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti muhove duku, mumvuri we caviar uri pedyo negoridhe kana kirimu. Iyo yakakura hove, iyo yakachena caviar, saka iyo yakawanda yechando-chena, mazai anenge akajeka anowanzoitika kune hove dzenguva refu.

Zvakakosha: kuravira uye kudya kwekudya kweyakajairika beluga uye albino caviar zvakafanana. Musiyano chete uri mumumvuri. Nekuda kwekuti albinism chinhu chisingawanzoitiki, mazai machena anonyanya kukosha. ^[10]. Chimwe chinhu chinowedzera chinokanganisa mutengo wechigadzirwa ndeyehuwandu hwekugadzirwa. Mugore chete, makumi mashoma emakirogiramu e albino beluga caviar anocherwa munyika.

Beluga caviar yakakura chaizvo. Kureba kwayo kuri 2,5 millimeters, uye uremu hunosiyana kubva ⅕ kusvika ¼ hwehuremu hwehove pachayo. Ndiyo caviar iyi inonzi inonyanya kukosha (inofananidzwa ne caviar yemamwe sturgeons). Mumvuri weyakajairika caviar yakasviba grey ine inooneka silvery sheen. Palettes yekuravira uye kunhuhwirira kwakasiyana mukusimba, kupfuma uye kwakasiyana-siyana kwemazwi. Iyo caviar inoratidzirwa neyakajairwa gungwa kuravira uye yakasarudzika almond aftertaste.

Chokwadi chinonakidza: pamberi pechimurenga, mhando dzakanakisa dzegranular caviar dzainzi "Warsaw redistribution". Sei? Zvizhinji zvekuunzwa kwezvigadzirwa kubva kuRussia Empire zvakapfuura nemuWarsaw, uye kubva ipapo - kunze kwenyika.

Nzira yekusiyanisa sei chigadzirwa chechokwadi kubva kune fake?

Chigadzirwa chega chega chegungwa chine maitiro ayo. Mu caviar, ichi ndicho chimiro, chaiwo manotsi ekuravira uye mumvuri. Vamwe vanhu vanogona kuvhiringa marudzi maviri akasiyana e caviar, kusataura chinhu chemhando yekunyepedzera. Dzimwe nguva beluga caviar inosanganiswa nedzimwe, dzakafanana, asi dzakachipa marudzi. Zviri nyore kuona fake, iwe unongoda kutarisa chigadzirwa. Mazai anofanira kunge akafanana nemuvara uye saizi. Kana aya maparameter akatyorwa, ipapo mugadziri akasarudza kuchengetedza pamhando yebatch.

Zvakakosha: zvakaoma zvikuru kusiyanisa caviar nekuravira. Kunyangwe nyanzvi kana gourmets vanokanganisa uye havabate anodiwa mareesheni ekuravira.

Kazhinji, hurombo husina kunaka caviar, yakanyanyisa kana yakadzika, inogona kubatwa muhari. Iyi haisi yenhema, asi ingori imwe yezviratidziro zvekuregeredza kwemugadziri. Muzviitiko zvese izvi, iyo caviar shell ichave yakaoma zvakanyanya, iyo firimu ichaputika, uye iyo caviar kuravira palette ichachinja kuva inovava kana yakawandisa munyu. Chigadzirwa chemhando yepamusoro chinofanira kuputika zvishoma uye kunyatsonyungudika mumuromo mako.

Kana iwe ukatenga caviar yakasununguka, zvino tarisa kunhuhwirira uye kuonekwa. Zvakare, usapotsa mukana wekuyedza chigadzirwa usati watenga. Kana iyo sarudzo ikawira pa caviar muhari, saka ipa sarudzo kune dzakasimbiswa dzinozivikanwa mhando dzinokoshesa mukurumbira wavo. Uyezve, kana uchiri kusangana nechinhu chakaderera-mhando, saka unogona kubata sevhisi yekudzivirira yevatengi, dzosera mari yako uye kutsiva kukuvara.

Zvakakosha: caviar yakakangwa nekukasira inoonekwa segiredhi rezasi. Chigadzirwa chakanaka kazhinji hachina maketeni, asi chinotengeswa chitsva.

Mutengo webeluga caviar, uye kunyanya white caviar, wakakwira. Zvakanakisisa kusachengetedza uye kutarisa pavhareji yemutengo wemusika. Chigadzirwa chakachipa zvakanyanya chinogona kugadzirwa nenzira dzisina chokwadi pasi pemamiriro asina utsanana, uye izvi zvakazara nehutachiona uye njodzi dzehutano. Uyezve, yakachipa caviar inogona kunge iri gore rapfuura. Mazai anoshambidzwa kubva mumucheka, munyu zvakare uye akagoverwa mumitsuko.

5 yemitemo mikuru yekusarudzwa kwebeluga caviar:

• tenga chigadzirwa mu "mwaka" kana pane caviar yakawanda uye yakachena;
• usachengete mari uye tarisa paavhareji mutengo wemusika;
• chenjerera dhayi;
• ipa sarudzo kune chigadzirwa nehuremu, ongorora chitarisiko / kuravira / kunhuwa, asi usakanganwa kujekesa magwaro uye kuziva mugadziri;
• kana iwe ukatenga caviar mubhangi, sarudza makambani anopupurirwa, ane mukurumbira anokoshesa zita ravo pachavo uye kuvimba kwemutengi.

Chemical kuumbwa kwechigadzirwa ^[11]

Zvishandiso zvinobatsira zvekunaka kwegungwa

Kuumbwa kwakasiyana kwezvokudya zvegungwa kunotibatsira kuchengetedza nekuvandudza hutano, kukurudzira kukura kwembambo / bvudzi, kuzadza zviwanikwa zvemukati uye kuwana psycho-emotional kuwirirana. Ngatitangei nezvinhu zvakanaka zvekushandisa caviar kuchengetedza kunaka kwekunze kwemunhu.

Antioxidants mu ascorbic acid (vitamini C) uye tocopherol (vitamini E) inodzivirira ganda revanhu kubva kune ultraviolet rays yeboka B. Zvokudya zvinovaka muviri zvinoderedza zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwehutachiona hwemahara mumasero, nokudaro zvichideredza kukwegura uye kupera kweganda. B vhitamini, iyo yakawanda mu beluga caviar, inokonzera kuumbwa kwe epithelium, bvudzi rakanaka uye misumari yakasimba, uye Retinol (vitamini A) inovabatsira kupora. Omega-3 uye omega-6 fatty acids inoderedza kuzvimba mukati memuviri uye inoita kuti ganda redu ripenye kubva mukati. ^[12][13].

Unsaturated fatty acids inodzora zvinenge zvese zvehupenyu hwedu. Omega-3s ndiyo inonyanya kuumbwa chinhu chesero membranes. Vanodzora maitiro ese emagetsi mumuviri: kutapurirana kwetsinga, kunaka kwehuropi, kushanda kweiyo circulatory system, kuchengetedzwa kwemuviri kubva kuhutachiona uye pathological microflora. Kunyanya kukoshesa caviar kunofanira kubhadharwa kune vanhu vane maonero asina kunaka uye kushaya simba nguva dzose mumasumbu. Kushandiswa kweunsaturated fatty acids kunobatsira kuderedza uremu, kudzivirira muviri kubva pakukura kwechirwere cheshuga uye kunyange kenza. Ichi chinhu chinogadzirisa zviri mucholesterol muropa, inosimbisa sisitimu yetsinga, inoita kuti moyo ushande zvakanyanya uye nekukurumidza metabolic maitiro.

Imwe mukana webeluga caviar ndeyekuwanda kweprotein. Iine ese akakosha amino acids, uye maererano nezvinovaka muviri, chigadzirwa chinogona kukwikwidza nenyama. Asi chikafu chegungwa chine mukana wakakura: puroteni yemhuka yehupenyu hwemugungwa inotorwa zviri nyore uye zvakanyanya. Kuwanda kwepakati pakati pedhigirii rekudya kwehove nyama uye caviar inogona kusvika 10-20%.

Uyezve, beluga caviar inogona kudzivirira kukura kwe osteoporosis uye rickets nekuda kwevhitamini D (calciferol). Calciferol inobatsira muviri kuti utore nyore phosphorus (P) uye calcium (Ca), iyo inosimbisa skeleton yemapfupa, muscular system uye nekuwedzera inovadzivirira kubva kune zvinoparadza maitiro.

Zvakakosha. Chinhu chega chekutarisa kunyangwe mune zvemhando yegungwa ndeye mercury nepurasitiki. Kusvibiswa kwemakungwa enyika kunosanganisira kutapukirwa nehove. Zvinhu zvinokuvadza kuburikidza nehove zvinowira zvakananga pandiro yedu, uye izvi zvinogona kukonzera huwandu hwezvirwere uye kusingachinjiki kuchinja kwemukati. Kuti uderedze njodzi dzinogona kuitika, idya chikafu chemugungwa ka2-3 pasvondo uye sarudza dengu rako rekudya zvine hungwaru.

Zvitubu zve