Mukudonha kwa2019, kunyomba kwakatanga neApple Card sevhisi: pakunyoresa, yakapa akasiyana kiredhiti yevarume nevakadzi. Kunyange Steve Wozniak akanga asina rombo rakanaka:
Gore rakapfuura, zvakaratidzwa kuti Netflix chikuva chinoratidza vashandisi maposta akasiyana uye tei, zvichienderana nehukadzi hwavo, zera uye nyika. Nokuda kweizvi, sevhisi yakapomerwa mhosva yerusarura.
Chekupedzisira, Mark Zuckerberg anogara achitsiurwa achipomerwa kuunganidza, kutengesa uye kushandura data yevashandisi vayo neFacebook. Nekufamba kwemakore, akapomerwa uye akatomboyedzwa kunyengedza panguva yesarudzo dzeAmerica, achibatsira masevhisi eRussia akakosha, achikurudzira ruvengo uye maonero akanyanya, kushambadza kwakashata, kuburitsa data revashandisi, kutadzisa kuferefetwa kune vanobata vana.
Facebook post by zuck
Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo Pornhub yepamhepo sevhisi gore rega rega inoburitsa mishumo yekuti rudzii rwevanhu vanonyadzisira vemarudzi akasiyana, murume kana mukadzi uye zera vari kutsvaga. Uye nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero izvi hazvinetse munhu. Kunyangwe nyaya idzi dzese dzakafanana: mune imwe neimwe yadzo tiri kubata nedata hombe, iro muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX rinonzi "mafuta matsva".
Chii chikuru data
Dhata huru - idzo zvakare data hombe (eng. Big Data) kana metadata - dhata re data rinosvika nguva nenguva uye mumavhoriyamu makuru. Izvo zvinounganidzwa, zvinogadziriswa uye kuongororwa, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakajeka mienzaniso uye maitiro.
Muenzaniso unoshamisa ndeye data kubva kuLarge Hadron Collider, iyo inouya ichienderera uye muhuwandu hukuru. Nekubatsira kwavo, masayendisiti anogadzirisa matambudziko akawanda.
Asi data hombe pawebhu haisi nhamba dzekutsvaga kwesainzi chete. Zvinogona kushandiswa kutarisa maitiro evashandisi vemapoka akasiyana uye nyika dzinozvibata, zvavanocherekedza uye mabatiro avanoita nezvirimo. Dzimwe nguva, nekuda kweizvi, data inounganidzwa kwete kubva kune imwe sosi, asi kubva kune akati wandei, kuenzanisa uye kuona mamwe mapatani.
Nezve kukosha kwe data yakakura sei pane network, vakatanga kutaura apo pakanga paine zvakawanda chaizvo. Mukutanga kwa2020, pakanga paine 4,5 bhiriyoni vashandisi veInternet munyika, avo 3,8 bhiriyoni vakanyoreswa mumasocial network.
Ndiani anokwanisa kuwana Big Data
Maererano neongororo, inopfuura hafu yenyika dzedu dzinotenda kuti data ravo pane network rinoshandiswa nevechitatu mapato. Panguva imwecheteyo, vazhinji vanotumira ruzivo rwemunhu, mapikicha, uye kunyange nhamba yefoni pasocial network uye maapplication.
Zvinoda kutsanangurwa pano: munhu wekutanga ndiye mushandisi pachake, iyo inoisa data rayo pane chero sosi kana application. Panguva imwecheteyo, anobvumirana (anoisa tiki muchibvumirano) kugadzirisa iyi data bato rechipiri - kureva, varidzi vezviwanikwa. Wechitatu bato ndeavo varidzi vesosi yacho vanogona kutamisa kana kutengesa data remushandisi. Kazhinji izvi zvinonyorwa muchibvumirano chemushandisi, asi kwete nguva dzose.
Bato rechitatu masangano ehurumende, hackers kana makambani anotenga data nekuda kwekutengesa. Yekutanga inogona kuwana data nechisarudzo chedare kana chiremera chepamusoro. Hackers, hongu, havashandise chero mvumo - vanongobira dhatabhesi rakachengetwa pamaseva. Makambani (nemutemo) anogona chete kuwana data kana iwe pachako wavabvumira - nekutarisa bhokisi riri pasi pechibvumirano. Zvikasadaro, hazvisi pamutemo.
Sei makambani achishandisa Big Data?
Dhata hombe mundima yekutengeserana yakashandiswa kwemakumi emakore, yakanga isiri yakanyanya sezvairi ikozvino. Aya ndiwo, semuenzaniso, marekodhi kubva kumakamera ekutarisa, data kubva kuGPS navigator kana kubhadhara kwepamhepo. Ikozvino, nekuvandudzwa kwesocial network, masevhisi epamhepo uye maapplication, zvese izvi zvinogona kubatanidzwa uye kuwana mufananidzo wakazara: kunogara vatengi, zvavanoda kuona, kwavanoenda kuzororo uye rudzi rwemota rwavanarwo.
Kubva pamienzaniso iri pamusoro, zviri pachena kuti nerubatsiro rwemashoko makuru, makambani, kutanga kune zvose, anoda kunongedza zviziviso. Kureva, kupa zvigadzirwa, masevhisi kana sarudzo dzega kune vateereri chaivo uye kunyange kugadzirisa chigadzirwa kune chakananga mushandisi. Pamusoro pezvo, kushambadza paFacebook nemamwe mapuratifomu makuru kuri kuramba kuchidhura, uye kuzviratidzira kune wese munhu akatevedzana hazvina kana pundutso.
Ruzivo nezve vangangove vatengi kubva kwakavhurika masosi rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya nemakambani einishuwarenzi, makiriniki akazvimirira uye vashandirwi. Iyo yekare, semuenzaniso, inogona kushandura mazwi einishuwarenzi kana ikaona kuti iwe unowanzo kutsvaga ruzivo rwezvimwe zvirwere kana mishonga, uye vashandirwi vanogona kuongorora kana iwe unowanzo kukakavara uye kusazvibata.
Asi pane rimwe basa rinokosha rave richinetseka mumakore achangopfuura: kuswedera pedyo nevanonyanya kugadzirisa vateereri. Izvi hazvisi nyore kuita, kunyangwe basa racho richifambiswa zvakanyanya nemasevhisi ekubhadhara uye cheki yemagetsi kuburikidza neOFD imwechete (fiscal data operator). Kuti uswedere pedyo sezvinobvira, makambani anotoedza kutarisa pasi uye "kurera" vangangove vatengi kubva paudiki.: kuburikidza nemitambo yepamhepo, matoyi anodyidzana uye masevhisi ekudzidzisa.
Sei kushanda?
Mikana mikuru yekuunganidza data kubva kumakambani epasi rose ane masevhisi akati wandei kamwechete. Facebook ikozvino ine vanopfuura 2,5 bhiriyoni vanoshanda vashandisi. Panguva imwecheteyo, kambani inewo mamwe masevhisi: Instagram - inodarika bhiriyoni imwe, WhatsApp - inopfuura 1 bhiriyoni nevamwe.
Asi Google ine simba rakawanda: Gmail inoshandiswa nevanhu 1,5 bhiriyoni munyika, imwe 2,5 bhiriyoni neiyo Android mobile OS, inodarika bhiriyoni maviri neYouTube. Uye izvo hazvisi kuverenga kutsvaga kweGoogle neGoogle Mepu maapp, chitoro cheGoogle Play, uye Chrome browser. Izvo zvinosara kuti usimbise bhangi rako repamhepo - uye Google ichakwanisa kuziva chaizvo zvese nezvako. Nenzira, Yandex yatova nhanho mberi mune izvi, asi inongovhara chete vateereri vanotaura chiRussia.
???? Chekutanga, makambani anofarira zvatinotumira uye zvatinoda pasocial network. Semuenzaniso, kana bhangi richiona kuti wakaroora uye urikushingairira kufarira vasikana pa Instagram kana Tinder, iwe unowanzo kubvumidza chikwereti chevatengi. Uye chikwereti chemhuri chaenda.
Izvo zvakakoshawo kuti ndeapi ads aunodzvanya pairi, kangani uye nemhedzisiro ipi.
(Ie Nhanho inotevera ndeye meseji yakavanzika: ine ruzivo rwakawanda. Mameseji akaburitswa paVKontakte, Facebook, WhatsApp nedzimwe nhume dzepakarepo. Maererano navo, nenzira, zviri nyore kutevera geolocation panguva yekutumira meseji. Chokwadi waona: kana iwe uchikurukura kutenga chimwe chinhu kana kungoodha pizza nemumwe munhu, kushambadzira kwakakodzera kunobva kwaonekwa mune feed.
🚕 Dhata hombe rinoshandiswa nesimba uye "kuburitswa" nekutakura uye masevhisi etekisi. Vanoziva kwaunogara nekushanda, chaunoda, kuti mari yaunowana ndeyei. Uber, semuenzaniso, inoratidza mutengo wakakwira kana iwe uchityaira uchienda kumba kubva kubhawa uye zviri pachena kuti wadarika. Uye kana iwe uine boka remamwe aggregator pafoni yako, pane zvinopesana, ivo vanopa zvakachipa.
(Ie Kune masevhisi anoshandisa mafoto nemavhidhiyo kuunganidza ruzivo rwakawanda sezvinobvira. Semuenzaniso, maraibhurari ekuona komputa - Google ine imwe. Ivo vanokutarisisa iwe nenzvimbo yakakukomberedza kuti vaone kuti uri saizi yakadii kana kureba, mhando dzaunopfeka, mota ipi yaunotyaira, ungave uine vana kana mhuka dzinovaraidza.
(Ie Avo vanopa magedhi eSMS kumabhangi ekutumira kwavo vanogona kuteedzera kutenga kwako pakadhi - kuziva yekupedzisira manhamba mana uye nhamba yefoni - uye wozotengesa iyi data kune mumwe munhu. Saka zvese izvi spam zvine discounts uye pizza sechipo.
🤷️️ Chekupedzisira, isu pachedu tinoburitsa data redu kumasevhisi ekuruboshwe uye maapplication. Rangarira iyo hype yakatenderedza Getcontact, apo munhu wese aifara kuzadza nhamba yavo yefoni kuti vaone kuti yakanyorwa sei nevamwe. Uye zvino tsvaga chibvumirano chavo uye uverenge zvazvinotaura nezve kuendesa data rako (spoiler: varidzi vanogona kuendesa kune wechitatu mapato pakufunga kwavo):
Makambani anogona kubudirira kuunganidza uye kutengesa data remushandisi kwemakore, kudzamara yasvika kumatare edzimhosva - sezvakaitika neFacebook imwe chete. Uye ipapo iro basa resarudzo rakaitwa nekutyora kwekambani GDPR - mutemo muEU unorambidza kushandiswa kwedata zvakanyanya kusimba kupfuura iyo yekuAmerica. Mumwe muenzaniso uchangoburwa ndeye Avast antivirus scandal: imwe yekambani inotsigirwa masevhisi akaunganidza uye akatengesa data kubva kuzana kusvika mazana mana emamiriyoni vashandisi.
Asi zvese izvi zvine zvazvakanakira isu here?
Iyo data yakakura sei inobatsira isu tese?
Hongu, kune divi rakajeka zvakare.
Data hombe inobatsira kubata matsotsi uye kudzivirira kurwiswa nemagandanga, kuwana vana vasipo uye kuvadzivirira kubva munjodzi.
Nerubatsiro rwavo, isu tinogashira zvinotonhorera zvinopihwa kubva kumabhangi uye zvidzikiso zvemunhu. Ndinotenda kwavari isu isu hatibhadharire akawanda masevhisi uye masocial network anowana chete pakushambadzira. Zvikasadaro, Instagram chete yaizotidyira zviuru zvemadhora pamwedzi.
Facebook chete ine 2,4 bhiriyoni vanoshanda vashandisi. Panguva imwecheteyo, purofiti yavo ye2019 yakasvika madhora mabhiriyoni gumi nemasere. Zvinoitika kuti kambani inowana mari inosvika madhora manomwe, 18,5 pagore kubva kune wega mushandisi kuburikidza nekushambadzira.
Chekupedzisira, dzimwe nguva zvinongori nyore: kana masevhisi atoziva kwauri uye zvaunoda, uye haufanirwe kutsvaga ruzivo rwaunoda iwe pachako.
Imwe nzvimbo inovimbisa yekushandiswa kweBig Data idzidzo.
Mune imwe yemayunivhesiti eAmerica muVirginia, ongororo yakaitwa yekuunganidza data pavadzidzi veboka rainzi njodzi. Ava ndivo vanodzidza zvisina kunaka, vanorovha makirasi uye vave kuda kusiya chikoro. Chokwadi ndechekuti mumatunhu gore rega rega vanhu vanosvika mazana mana vanobviswa. Izvi zvakaipa kumayunivhesiti, ayo ane ratings yakadzikiswa uye mari yavo yakaderedzwa, uye kune vadzidzi pachavo: vazhinji vanotora zvikwereti zvedzidzo, izvo, mushure mekubviswa, zvicharamba zvichifanira kubhadharwa. Tisingatauri nguva yakarasika uye tarisiro yebasa. Nerubatsiro rwe data hombe, zvinokwanisika kuona kusarira kumashure munguva uye kuvapa murairidzi, mamwe makirasi uye rumwe rubatsiro rwakanangwa.
Izvi, nenzira, zvakakodzerawo kuzvikoro: ipapo hurongwa huchazivisa vadzidzisi nevabereki - vanoti, mwana ane matambudziko, ngatibatsirei pamwe chete. Big Data ichakubatsirawo kuti unzwisise kuti ndeapi mabhuku ekuverenga anoshanda zvirinani uye ndeapi vadzidzisi vanotsanangura zvinyorwa zviri nyore.
Mumwe muenzaniso wakanaka inhoroondo yebasa.: apa ndipo apo vechidiki vanobatsirwa kusarudza basa ravo remangwana. Pano, data hombe inokubvumira kuunganidza ruzivo rusingawanikwe uchishandisa bvunzo dzechinyakare: maitiro emushandisi, zvaanoteerera, mabatiro aanoita nezviri mukati.
MuUSA imwe chete, kune chirongwa chekutungamira basa - SC ACCELERATE. Iyo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, inoshandisa CareerChoice GPS tekinoroji: vanoongorora data nezve chimiro chevadzidzi, zvavanoda kune zvidzidzo, masimba uye kusasimba. Iyo data inobva yashandiswa kubatsira vechidiki kuti vasarudze makoreji akakodzera kwavari.
Bhalisa uye utitevere paYandex.Zen - tekinoroji, hunyanzvi, hupfumi, dzidzo uye kugovera mune imwe chiteshi.