Nyuchi dzinogadzira sei huchi?
Nectar imvura inotapira iri mumaruva, inounganidzwa nenyuchi ine proboscis refu. Chipembenene ichi chinochengeta nekita mudumbu rayo, chinonzi honey goiter. Nectar yakakosha kunyuchi, saka kana nyuchi imwe ikawana muto wakapfuma, inokwanisa kutaura izvi kune dzimwe nyuchi kuburikidza nekutamba kwakatevedzana. Poleni yakakoshawo: iyo yero granules inowanikwa mumaruva yakapfuma muprotein, lipids, mavhitamini nemamineral uye chikafu chenyuchi. Mukume unochengetwa mumizinga isina chinhu uye unogona kushandiswa kugadzira “chingwa chenyuchi,” chikafu chakaviriswa chinogadzirwa netumbuyu nokunyorovesa mukume.
Asi chikafu chizhinji chinounganidzwa kuburikidza nekutsvaga chikafu. Nepo nyuchi dzichipururudza paruva dzichiunganidza mukume nenekita, mapuroteni anokosha (enzymes) mudumbu rawo reuchi anoshandura makemikari emuto, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera kuchengetwa kwenguva refu.
Kana nyuchi yangodzokera kumukoko wayo, inopfuudza nekita kune imwe nyuchi, ndokusaka vamwe vachidana uchi kuti “marutsi enyuchi”. Iyo nzira inodzokororwa kusvikira nekita, yashandurwa kuita mvura yakakora yakapfuma mugastric enzymes, inopinda muzinga.
Nyuchi dzichiri kushanda kushandura muto kuita uchi. Zvipembenene izvi zvinobishaira zvinoshandisa mapapiro azvo ku“furidzira” nekita, zvichiita kuti kunyungudika kukurumidze. Kana mvura zhinji yapera mutota, nyuchi dzinopedzisira dzawana uchi. Nyuchi dzinonamira mizinga nezvinobuda mudumbu radzo, izvo zvinoomesa nyuchi kuita namo, uye huchi hunogona kuchengetwa kwenguva yakareba. Pakazara, nyuchi dzinoderedza mvura yenekita kubva pa90% kusvika ku20%.
Maererano neScientific American, imwe koloni inogona kubereka inenge 110 kg yenekita - chimiro chakakosha, zvichipiwa kuti maruva akawanda anongobudisa kadonhwe kaduku keta. Chirongo chehuchiwo zvacho chinoda miriyoni yekushandiswa kwenyuchi. Chikwata chimwe chete chinogona kugadzira zvirongo 50 kusvika ku100 zveuchi pagore.
Nyuchi dzinoda huchi here?
Nyuchi dzinoita basa rakawanda kugadzira uchi. Maererano neBeeSpotter, avhareji koloni ine makumi matatu nyuchi. Zvinotendwa kuti nyuchi dzinoshandisa 30 kusvika 000 litres euchi gore negore.
Mukume ndiko kunopa kudya kukuru kwenyuchi, asi uchi hunokoshawo. Nyuchi dzinoshandisa nyuchi sechitubu chemakabhohaidhiretsi kutsigira huwandu hwesimba. Uchi hunodyiwawo nendege dzevakuru pakukwirana uye hwakakosha pakukura kwegonye.
Uchi hunonyanya kukosha munguva yechando, apo nyuchi nehosi vanoungana vachigadzira huchi kuti hupise. Mushure mechando chekutanga, maruva anonyangarika, saka uchi hunova nzvimbo inokosha yezvokudya. Uchi hunobatsira kudzivirira nyuchi kubva kuchando. Uchi huchafa kana huchi husina kukwana.
vanhu nehuchi
Uchi hwave huri chikamu chekudya kwevanhu kwezviuru zvemakore.
Alyssa Crittenden, an ecologist uye nutritional anthropologist paYunivhesiti yeNevada, akanyora nezvenhoroondo yekudyiwa kwevanhu uchi mumagazini yeFood and Foodways. Mifananidzo yakadhirowewa yematombo inoratidza mizinga, nyuchi zhinji uye kuunganidzwa kweuchi zvakatanga makore makumi mana kumashure uye zvakawanikwa muAfrica, Europe, Asia neAustralia. Crittenden anonongedza kune huwandu hwehumwe humbowo hwekuti vanhu vekutanga vaidya uchi. Mhuka dzakaita semagudo, macaque, nemagorira dzinozivikanwa nekudya huchi. Anotenda kuti "zvingangodaro kuti mahominids ekare aikwanisa kukohwa uchi."
Science Magazine inotsigira nharo iyi nehumwe humbowo: maEgyptian hieroglyphs anoratidza nyuchi akatangira muna 2400 BC. e. Wakisi yakawanikwa muhari dzevhu dzine makore 9000 muTurkey. Huchi hwakawanikwa mumakuva evaIjipita avafarao.
Huchi vegan?
Mukuwirirana neThe Vegan Society, “veganism inzira youpenyu umo munhu anovavarira kurega, sezvinobvira, marudzi ose okubiridzira noutsinye kumhuka, kubatanidza nokuda kwezvokudya, zvokupfeka, kana kuti chimwe chinangwa chipi nechipi.
Kubva pane tsanangudzo iyi, uchi hausi chigadzirwa chetsika. Vamwe vanopikisa kuti huchi hunogadzirwa mune zvekutengesa hazvina kunaka, asi kudya huchi kubva mumaapiyari ega kwakanaka. Asi The Vegan Society inodavira kuti hapana huchi hunodya nyama: “Nyuchi dzinogadzira uchi nokuda kwenyuchi, uye vanhu vanoregeredza utano hwavo noupenyu. Kuunganidza uchi kunopesana nemafungiro eveganism, ayo anoda kubvisa kwete utsinye chete, asiwo kushandiswa. "
Uchi hahusi hunokosha chete pakurarama kwekoloni, asiwo ibasa rinotora nguva. Vegan Society inocherekedza kuti nyuchi imwe neimwe inogadzira chikamu chegumi nembiri cheteapuni yehuchi muhupenyu hwayo. Kubviswa kwehuchi kubva kunyuchi kunogona kukanganisa mukoko. Kazhinji, kana vapfuri venyuchi vachitora uchi, vanohutsiva neshuga inotsiva, iyo inoshaya zvinhu zvekutevera zvinodiwa nenyuchi.
Sezvipfuyo, nyuchi dzinouchikwawo kuti dzishande. Iyo geni dziva rinobva mukusarudzwa kwakadaro kunoita kuti koloni ive nyore kurwara uye, semugumisiro, kutsakatika kukuru. Zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nekuberekesa zvakanyanya zvinogona kupararira kune zvinomera mukume zvakaita sebumblebees.
Pamusoro pezvo, makoroni anogara achitemwa mushure mekukohwa kuderedza mari. Nyuchi idzi, dzinowanzobva mumukoko dzichinotanga mapoka matsva, dzine mapapiro adzo akacheka.
Nyuchi dzinosangana nemamwe matambudziko zvakare, sekuparara kwekoloni, kuparara kwezvipembenene zvine chekuita nekuuraya zvipembenene kusinganzwisisike kutsakatika kwenyuchi, kushushikana kwekufambisa, nezvimwe.
Kana iwe uri vegan, uchi hunogona kutsiviwa. Pamusoro pezvinotapira zvemvura zvakaita semaple syrup, uchi hwedandelion, uye sirasi yemazuva, kunewo huchi hwevegan.