Chokwadi chekuti varume vanorarama vashoma pane vakadzi chave chisiri chakavanzika kune chero munhu. Uye zvinoita sekunge maitiro aya achaenderera mberi: maererano neWorld Health Organisation, avhareji murume akazvarwa muna 2019 achararama makore 69,8, uye mukadzi - 74,2 makore. Asi nei? Musiyano uyu wemakore 4,4 unobvepi? Biopsychologist Sebastian Ocklenburg anotsanangura.
zvinhu zvinouraya
Ngatitangei nechinhu chikuru: WHO hairatidze chero chete, kana chikonzero chikuru chekusiyana kwakakosha kwehupenyu hwehupenyu. Pane kudaro, gwaro resangano rinopa zvinhu zvitatu zvinokonzera kufa kwepamusoro pakati pevarume pane pakati pevakadzi:
- zvirwere zvemoyo,
- kukuvara nekuda kwetsaona dzemotokari,
- kenza yemapapu.
Uye zvimwe zvikonzero zvine chekuita nehunhu hwepfungwa kana hutano hwepfungwa, anodaro Ocklenburg.
Semuenzaniso, kukuvadzwa kwemigwagwa kunokonzera kuderedzwa kwegore re0,47 muhupenyu hwevarume kana vachienzaniswa nevakadzi. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa zvishoma nekuti varume vazhinji vanoshanda muindasitiri yezvekufambisa, asi kune rumwe rutivi - uye izvi zvakaratidzwa zvine hungwaru - varume vanowanzotyaira zvine hukasha, vachizviisa ivo nevamwe panjodzi.
Ongororo yezvidzidzo zvekusiyana kwevakadzi mukutyaira kwakaratidza kuti varume vanowanzotyaira vakadhakwa, kuratidza hukasha, uye kuita tsaona dzemumugwagwa vanonoka (zvichienzaniswa nevakadzi).
Pasi pedhigirii
Tora chimwe chikonzero chinowanzokonzera rufu - cirrhosis yechiropa. Yakakonzera kuderera kwehupenyu hwehupenyu muvarume nemakore 0,27 zvichienzaniswa nevakadzi. Kunyange zvazvo chiri chirwere chomuviri, chimwe chezvikonzero zvacho zvikuru ihosha yokunwa. Achitora data kubva kuUnited States, Sebastian Ocklenburg anosimbisa kuti nhamba dzekunwa doro dzinosiyana zvakanyanya nevarume.
Kana iri nyika yedu, Russia yakapinda munyika nhatu dzepamusoro dziri kutungamira pakufa nekuda kwedoro. MuRussia, vakadzi ve2016 nevarume makumi mana nevatatu vakafa nekuda kwekudhakwa kwedoro muna 43 chete.1. Sei varume vachinyanya kunwa? Kutanga, nyaya yacho iri munzira yakajairika yekushamwaridzana uye mukuti pakati pevarume kugona kunwa doro muhuwandu hwakawanda kunokosheswa. Chechipiri, kusimuka kwekupedzisira kwedzimwe nzvimbo dzehuropi ndiko kukonzeresa. Pakupedzisira, kuderera kwekunzwa kudoro hakufaniri kuderedzwa.
rufu rwechisimba
Mhirizhonga pakati pevanhu inounza kudzikira kwehupenyu hwevarume ne 0,21 makore zvichienzaniswa nevakadzi. Varume vane mukana wakapetwa kana kuti wekufa nekupondwa, maererano nemushumo weWHO. Vakadzi ndivo vangangove vanyajambwa vemhirizhonga mudzimba, nemhondi inosvika imwe mushanu inoitwa nemudiwa kana nhengo yemhuri (kunyangwe varume vachiwanzouraya vamwe varume mumigwagwa).
Zvichienderana nedata kubva kune imwe ongororo, Ocklenburg anotenda kuti izvi zvingangokonzerwa nekukwira kwehasha nechisimba muvarume.
Mhedzisiro yakaipa yezvimiro zvevakadzi
Chimwe chinhu icho, maererano neWHO, chinokonzera kusiyana kwevakadzi mukufa kuzvikuvadza: kunyange zvazvo vakadzi vane pfungwa dzakawanda pamusoro pekuzviuraya uye vanoedza zvakanyanya, chaizvoizvo, varume vanozviuraya kazhinji (paavhareji ka1,75. )
Zvikonzero chaizvo zvemusiyano mukuru wevakadzi vanozviuraya hazvinzwisiswi zvizere, Ocklenburg anotsinhira kuti: “Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru izvo tsvakurudzo yepfungwa dzakaratidza ndechokuti nzanga inomanikidza varume zvakanyanya. Mutsika dzakawanda, kuchine kurambidzwa kusingataurwi munharaunda kusataura manzwiro asina kunaka uye kubata chiremba wepfungwa, kunyangwe kana pfungwa dzekuda kuzviuraya kana kuora mwoyo kuchioneka. Mukuwedzera, “kuzvirapa” kwakapararira nedoro kunogona kukuvadza zvikuru mugariro womurume.
Kunyange zvazvo zvirwere zvemuviri zvichiri izvo zvinonyanya kukonzera kusiyana kwevakadzi mukufa, matambudziko ehutano hwepfungwa anokonzerawo kuderedzwa kwehupenyu hwevarume. Ndicho chikonzero nei zvakakosha kuvakurudzira kutsvaga rubatsiro uye rubatsiro rwenyanzvi mumunda wehutano hwepfungwa.
1. "Russia yapinda muzvitatu zvepamusoro maererano nerufu dzine chekuita nedoro." Olga Solovieva, Nezavisimaya Gazeta, 05.09.2018/XNUMX/XNUMX.
Nezve Nyanzvi: Sebastian Ocklenburg ibiopsychologist.