Vanhu vanga vachidya nyama kubva kuIce Age. Yaiva panguva iyoyo, maererano neanthropologists, kuti murume akatama kubva pakudya kwemiti ndokutanga kudya nyama. Iyi "tsika" yakapona kusvikira nhasi - nekuda kwekudiwa (somuenzaniso, pakati peEskimos), tsika kana mararamiro ehupenyu. Asi kazhinji, chikonzero chacho kunongova kusanzwisisa. Mumakore makumi mashanu apfuura, nyanzvi dzehutano dzinozivikanwa, nyanzvi dzezvekudya, uye biochemist vakafukunura humbowo hunogutsa hwekuti haufanirwe kudya nyama kuti ugare uine hutano, chokwadika, chikafu chinogamuchirwa kune zvikara chinogona kukuvadza vanhu.
Maiwe, vegetarianism, yakavakirwa chete pazvinzvimbo zvehuzivi, kashoma kuva nzira yehupenyu. Mukuwedzera, zvakakosha kwete kungotevera kudya kwezvinomera, asiwo kuti unzwisise zvikomborero zvikuru zvezvinomera zvevanhu vose. Naizvozvo, ngatisiyei padivi chikamu chemweya chezvekudya kwezvinomera panguva ino - akawanda-mavhoriyamu mabasa anogona kugadzirwa pamusoro peizvi. Ngatigarei pano pamakakatanwa e“nyika” achitsigira kusadya zvirimwa.
Ngatitangei kukurukura inonzi "protein myth". Hezvino zviri pamusoro. Chimwe chezvikonzero chikuru nei vanhu vazhinji vachinzvenga miriwo kutya kukonzeresa kushomeka kweprotein mumuviri. "Ungawana sei mapuroteni ese emhando yaunoda kubva pakudya-kwakavakirwa chirimwa, chisina mukaka?" vanhu vakadaro vanobvunza.
Usati wapindura mubvunzo uyu, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti puroteni chii chaizvo. Muna 1838, chiremba wemakemikari wechiDutch Jan Müldscher akawana chinhu chine nitrogen, kabhoni, haidrojeni, okisijeni uye, muhuwandu hudiki, mamwe maelementi emakemikari. Mushonga uyu, unova pasi pehupenyu hwese paPasi, musayendisiti akadana "mukuru". Zvadaro, kukosha kwechokwadi kweprotein kwakaratidzwa: kuti urarame chero chipenyu, imwe huwandu hwayo hunofanira kudyiwa. Sezvakazoitika, chikonzero cheiyi amino acids, "yekutanga matsime ehupenyu", kubva kune iyo mapuroteni anoumbwa.
Pakazara, makumi maviri nemaviri amino acids anozivikanwa, 22 ayo anoonekwa akakosha (haagadzirwa nemuviri uye anofanirwa kudyiwa nechikafu). Aya 8 amino acids ndeaya: lecine, isolecine, valine, lysine, trypophane, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine. Zvose zvavo zvinofanira kuiswa muzvikamu zvakakodzera muzvokudya zvinovaka muviri. Kusvika pakati pemakore ekuma8, nyama yaionekwa seyakanakisa sosi yeprotein, nekuti ine ese 1950 akakosha amino acids, uye muchiyero chakakodzera. Nhasi, zvisinei, nyanzvi dzezvokudya zvinovaka muviri dzakasvika pamhedziso yokuti zvokudya zvezvirimwa sechitubu cheprotein hazvina kunaka senyama chete, asi kunyange zvakakwirira kupfuura. Zvirimwa zvakare zvine ese 8 amino acids. Zvirimwa zvinokwanisa kugadzira maamino acids kubva mumhepo, ivhu, uye mvura, asi mhuka dzinongogona kuwana mapuroteni kuburikidza nezvirimwa: kungave nekuzvidya, kana nekudya mhuka dzakadya zvirimwa uye kutora chikafu chadzo chese. Nokudaro, munhu ane sarudzo: kuti azviwane zvakananga kuburikidza nezvirimwa kana nenzira inotenderera, pamutengo wepamusoro wehupfumi uye mari yekushandisa - kubva kumhuka yemhuka. Saka, nyama haina chero amino acids kunze kweiyo mhuka dzinowana kubva muzvirimwa - uye vanhu pachavo vanogona kuitora kubva muzvirimwa.
Uyezve, kudya kwezvirimwa kune chimwe chinhu chakakosha: pamwe chete nemaamino acids, unowana zvinhu zvinodikanwa kuti utore mapuroteni akazara: makabhohaidhiretsi, mavhitamini, trace elements, hormones, chlorophyll, etc. Muna 1954, boka revasayendisiti paHarvard University. akaita tsvakurudzo ndokuona kuti kana munhu akadya muriwo, zviyo, uye zvinogadzirwa nemukaka panguva imwe chete, anongovhara mapuroteni ezuva nezuva. Vakagumisa kuti zvakanga zvakaoma zvikuru kuchengetedza kudya kwemiriwo kwakasiyana-siyana pasina kudarika nhamba iyi. Imwe nguva gare gare, muna 1972, Dr. F. Stear akaita zvidzidzo zvake zveprotein nevanodya miriwo. Zvigumisiro zvaive zvinoshamisa: zvizhinji zvezvidzidzo zvakagamuchira zvinopfuura maitiro maviri eprotein! Saka "ngano pamusoro pemapuroteni" yakabviswa.
Uye zvino ngatitendeukei kuchikamu chinotevera chedambudziko ratiri kukurukura, iro rinogona kurondedzerwa sezvinotevera: kudya nyama uye nzara yenyika. Funga nezvemufananidzo unotevera: 1 acres ye soya inobereka 1124 mapaundi eprotein inokosha; 1 mahekita emupunga inobereka 938 mapaundi. Pachibage iyi nhamba ndeye 1009. Pagorosi i1043. Iye zvino funga pamusoro peizvi: 1 maeka ebhinzi: chibage, mupunga kana gorosi rinoshandiswa kukora bhinzi richapa 125 pounds chete yeprotein! Izvi zvinotisvitsa kumhedziso inoodza mwoyo: zvinokatyamadza, nzara panyika yedu yakabatana nekudya nyama. Nyanzvi munyaya dzezvokudya zvinovaka muviri, zvidzidzo zvezvakatipoteredza, uye vezvematongerwo enyika dzakaramba dzichitaura kuti kana United States ikaendesa mugove wezviyo nesoya bhinzi dzaishandiswa kukodza zvipfuwo kuvarombo uye kune dzimwe nyika dzine nzara, dambudziko renzara raizogadziriswa. Nyanzvi yezvekudya kuHarvard Gene Mayer inofungidzira kuti kucheka kwe10% mukugadzirwa kwenyama kunosunungura zviyo zvinokwana kupa vanhu 60 miriyoni.
Panyaya yemvura, ivhu nezvimwe zviwanikwa, nyama ndicho chigadzirwa chinodhura kwazvo chingafungidzirwa. Inenge 10% chete yemapuroteni nemakoriyori ari mukudya, izvo zvinozodzoka kwatiri muchimiro chenyama. Mukuwedzera, mazana ezviuru zvemaeka evhu rinorimika anodyarwa gore rimwe nerimwe nokuda kwemafuro. Neeka yekudya inodyisa nzombe, isu tichingowana chete 1 pondo yeprotein. Kana iyo nzvimbo imwechete yakasimwa ne soya beans, kubuda kuchava 7 pounds yeprotein. Muchidimbu, kupfuya zvipfuyo kuti zviuraye hakusi chinhu kunze kwekutambisa pfuma yepasi redu.
Pamusoro penzvimbo dzakakura dzeivhu rinorimika, kupfuya mombe kunoda mvura yakapetwa ka8 pane zvinorimwa nemuriwo, kurima soya bhinzi kana tsanga: mhuka dzinoda kunwa, uye kudya kunoda kudiridzwa. Kazhinji, mamirioni avanhu achiri kutongerwa kufa nenzara, nepo vashoma vevanhu vane rombo vanodya mapuroteni enyama, vachibira nyika uye zviwanikwa zvemvura zvisina tsitsi. Asi, zvinoshamisa, ndiyo nyama inova muvengi wezvipenyu zvavo.
Mushonga wemazuva ano unosimbisa: Kudya nyama kuzere nenjodzi dzakawanda. Zvirwere zvegomarara nemwoyo zviri kuramba zvichipararira munyika umo kudyiwa kwenyama kwemunhu kwakakwirira, nepo uko kwakaderera, hosha dzakadaro hadziwanzoitiki. Rollo Russell mubhuku rake rinonzi “On the Causes of Cancer” anonyora, kuti: “Ndakawana kuti munyika 25 dzine vagari vemo vanodya nyama zvikurukuru, 19 dzine chikamu chikuru zvikuru chekenza, uye nyika imwe bedzi ine mwero wakaderera zvikuru, panguva imwe cheteyo Panyika 35 dzinodyiwa nyama zvishoma kana kuti dzisingadyi, hapana ine mwero wekenza wakakwirira.”
The 1961 Journal of the American Physicians Association yakati, "Kuchinja kune kudya kwemiti kunodzivirira kukura kwechirwere chemwoyo mu90-97% yezviitiko." Kana mhuka inourawa, tsvina yayo inorega kubudiswa nehurongwa hwayo hwekutenderera kweropa uye inoramba iri "mumagaba" mumutumbi wakafa. Vanodya nyama nokudaro vanotora zvinhu zvine chepfu izvo, mumhuka mhenyu, zvinosiya muviri une weti. Dr. Owen S. Parret, mubhuku rake rinonzi Why I Don’t Eat Meat, akataura kuti kana nyama yabikwa, zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvinooneka mukuumbwa kwomuto wacho, somugumisiro wacho unodokufanana mukugadzirwa kwekemikoro neweti. Munyika dzakabudirira dzine rudzi rwakanyanya rwekusimudzira kwekurima, nyama "inopfumiswa" nezvinhu zvakawanda zvinokuvadza: DDT, arsenic / inoshandiswa sekusimudzira kukura /, sodium sulfate / inoshandiswa kupa nyama "itsva", ropa-red hue /, DES, synthetic hormone / inozivikanwa carcinogen/. Kazhinji, zvigadzirwa zvenyama zvine macarcinogens akawanda uye kunyange metastasogens. Somuenzaniso, makirogiramu maviri chete enyama yakakangwa ane benzopyrene yakawanda sefodya 2! Nokuderedza kudya kwecholesterol, isu panguva imwe chete tinoderedza mikana yekuunganidza mafuta, uye naizvozvo njodzi yekufa kubva pakurwadziwa kwemoyo kana apoplexy.
Chiitiko chakadai seatherosclerosis ipfungwa isinganzwisisiki yemuriwo. Maererano neEncyclopædia Britannica, “Mapuroteni anobva munzungu, zviyo, uye kunyange zvinogadzirwa nomukaka anonzi haana kuchena kana achienzaniswa neanowanikwa munyama yemombe—ine 68% yemvura ine utachiona.” Izvi "zvisina kuchena" zvine simba rinokuvadza kwete pamwoyo chete, asiwo pamuviri wose.
Muviri wemunhu ndiwo muchina wakaoma kunzwisisa. Uye, sezvakaita chero mota, imwe mafuta inokodzera zviri nani pane imwe. Ongororo inoratidza kuti nyama ifuel isingashande pamushini uyu, uye inouya nemutengo mukuru. Somuenzaniso, vaEskimo, avo vanonyanyodya hove nenyama, vanokwegura nokukurumidza zvikuru. Hupenyu hwavo hwepakati hahupfuuri makore makumi matatu. VaKirghiz pane imwe nguva vaidyawo kunyanya nyama uye vaisawanzorarama makore anopfuura makumi mana. Pane rumwe rutivi, kune marudzi akadai savaHunza vanogara muHimalayas, kana kuti mapoka orudzidziso akadai seSeventh Day Adventist, ane avhareji yenduramo inobvira pakati pamakore 30 ne40! Masayendisiti ane chokwadi chokuti kudya miriwo ndicho chikonzero chehutano hwavo hwakanaka. MaIndia eMaya eYutacan uye madzinza eYemeni eboka reSemitic anewo mukurumbira wehutano hwakanaka - zvakare nekuda kwekudya kwezvinomera.
Uye mukupedzisa, ndinoda kusimbisa chimwe chinhu zvakare. Kana uchidya nyama, munhu, sekutonga, anozvivanza pasi pe ketchups, sauces uye gravies. Anochigadzira nekuchigadzirisa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana: mafiritsi, mamota, muto, nezvimwewo. Zvose izvi ndezvei? Sei usingadyi nyama iri mbishi semhuka dzinodya dzimwe nyika? Vazhinji vezvekudya kunovaka muviri, biologist uye physiologists vakaratidza zvinogutsa kuti vanhu havadyi nyama nemasikirwo. Ndicho chikonzero nei vachinyatsogadzirisa chikafu chisina chimiro kwavari.
Physiologically, vanhu vari pedyo zvakanyanya nemhuka dzinodya setsoko, nzou, nemhou pane mhuka dzinodya nyama dzakaita sembwa, dindingwe nembada. Toti zvikara hazvidiki; mavari, kuchinjana kwekupisa kunoitika kuburikidza nevanodzora kufema kwekufema uye rurimi rwakabuda. Mhuka dzeVegetarian, kune rumwe rutivi, dzine sweat glands nekuda kweichi chinangwa, kuburikidza nazvo zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokuvadza zvinobva mumuviri. Zvikara zvine mazino akareba uye akapinza kuitira kubata nekuuraya mhuka; Mhuka dzine mazino mapfupi uye hadzina nzwara. Mate ezvikara haana amylase saka haakwanise kuparara kwekutanga kwe starches. Mishonga yemhuka dzinodya nyama dzinobudisa yakawanda yehydrochloric acid kuti igaye mapfupa. Shaya dzezvikara dzine mwero wakaganhurirwa wekufamba chete kumusoro nekudzika, nepo mumhuka dzesango dzinofamba mundege yakachinjika kunotsenga chikafu. Zvikara zvinoputira mvura, semuenzaniso, katsi, mhuka dzesango dzinoikwevera mukati nemazino adzo. Kune mifananidzo yakawanda yakadaro, uye imwe neimwe yadzo inoratidza muviri wemunhu unofanana nemuenzaniso wezvinomera. Kunyatso physiologically, vanhu havana kujairana nekudya kwenyama.
Pano pane dzimwe nharo dzinonyanya kusimba mukufarira vegetarianism. Ehe, munhu wese akasununguka kuzvisarudzira kuti ndeupi mhando yekudya yekutevera. Asi sarudzo yakaitwa mukufarira vegetarianism pasina mubvunzo ichave sarudzo yakakodzera kwazvo!
Kunobva: http://www.veggy.ru/