Zuva nezuva tinoregeredza uchenjeri hwouzivi uye hwomudumbu hwakaziviswa naSocrates: “Unofanira kudya kuti urarame, kwete kurarama kuti udye.” Chii chinoita kuti munhu aregeredze zviratidzo zvomuzvarirwo, zvinopiwa nenzira yomuzvarirwo (“Ndaguta, handichadi kudyazve”) nokuda kwokudyisa nokuda kwomufaro unokuvadza muviri?
Kana vanhu vakafutisa vachiona chikafu chakanyanya-makoriori, nzvimbo dzakakura-zvikuru zvinokonzeresa mafaro, kutarisisa, manzwiro, ndangariro uye hunyanzvi hwemotokari zvinoiswa muhuropi hwavo, zvidzidzo zvinoshandisa magineti resonance imaging zvakaratidza. Izvo zvinoramba zvisinganzwisisike kuti sei vanhu vachifuta: nekuti muviri wavo haugone kuzvitonga uremu, kana nekuti muviri unorasikirwa nekugona uku kana uchinge wawedzera uremu.
Nzira yekugaya, sezvaunoziva, inotanga kunyange chikafu chisati chapinda mudumbu uye kunyange mumuromo. Kuona kwechikafu, kunhuwa kwacho, kana kunyange izwi rinochidaidza, zvinokurudzira nzvimbo dzehuropi dzinotarisira kuwana mafaro, dzinomutsa nzvimbo dzendangariro uye materu. Munhu anodya kunyange asinganzwi nzara, nokuti zvinofadza. Chii chinoita kuti munhu aregeredze zviratidzo zvomuzvarirwo, zvinopiwa nenzira yomuzvarirwo (“Ndaguta, handichadi kudyazve”) nokuda kwokudyisa nokuda kwomufaro unokuvadza muviri?
Masayendisiti kubva kuColumbia University (New York) akapa pepa pamusoro pezvinokonzeresa zvemuviri zvekudyisa pamusangano wezvekufutisa muStockholm.
Yakadzama mepu yezviitiko zvehuropi yakaratidza kuti tarisiro yekunakidzwa nechikafu chinonaka inokunda sei kugona kwemuviri kudzora uremu uye kudzivirira kubva pakudyisa.
Masayendisiti akatumidza marudzi akadaro ekudya "hedonic" uye "homeostatic" zvakateerana (homeostasis kugona kwemuviri kuzvitonga, kuchengetedza chiyero chine simba). Zvakazoitika, kunyanya, kuti uropi hwevanhu vanorema hunoita zvakanyanya "hedonistically" kune zvinotapira uye mafuta ezvokudya kupfuura uropi hwevanhu vane uremu hwemazuva ose. Uropi hwevanhu vakafuta zvakapfurikidza hunopindira nechisimba kunyange kumifananidzo yezvokudya zvinoedza.
Vanachiremba vakadzidza maitiro ehuropi ku "appetizing" mifananidzo vachishandisa inoshanda magineti resonance imaging (fMRI). Chidzidzo chacho chaisanganisira vakadzi ve20 - gumi vakafuta uye 10 vakakwana. Vakaratidzwa mifananidzo yezvokudya zvinoedza: makeke, mapie, french fries, uye zvimwe zvokudya zvine macalorie akawanda. MRI scans yakaratidza kuti muvakadzi vakafuta, mifananidzo yakanga ine huropi hwakanyanya kushanda mu ventral tegmental area (VTA), chiduku chiduku mukatikati mebrain apo dopamine, "neurohormone yechido," inosunungurwa.
“Kana vanhu vakafuta vachiona chikafu chine macalorie akawanda, nzvimbo huru muhuropi hwavo dzinobatiswa dzine chekuita nekunzwa kwemubayiro, kutarisisa, manzwiro, ndangariro uye hunyanzvi hwemotokari. Nzvimbo dzese idzi dzinodyidzana, saka zvakaoma kuti nzira dzekuzvitonga dzirambe,” akatsanangura kudaro Susan Carnell, chiremba wepfungwa paColumbia University.
Muboka rekutonga - vakadzi vakatetepa - maitiro akadaro haana kuonekwa.
Kuwedzera kudya kwevanhu vakafuta kwakakonzerwa kwete chete nemifananidzo yezvokudya. Ruzha, senge mazwi ekuti "chokoreti cookie" kana mazita emamwe ma-calorie-anobata, akaunza mhinduro dzakafanana dzehuropi. Inzwi remashoko ezvokudya zvine utano, zvakaderera-calori, zvakadai se "kabichi" kana "zucchini," hazvina kuunza mhinduro iyi. Uropi hwevakadzi vakatetepa hwakapindura zvisina kusimba kune "manzwi anonaka".
Chidzidzo chakafanana chakaratidzwa pamusangano wezvokudya muPittsburgh. Neurologists kubva kuYale University vakaita ongororo yefMRI yehuropi hwe13 overweight uye 13 vanhu vatete. Uchishandisa scanner, mhinduro dzehuropi kunhuhwirira kana kuravira kwechokoreti kana sitiroberi milkshake zvakanyorwa. Kuita kwehuropi hwevanhu vakaremerwa nekudya kwakaonekwa munharaunda yeamygdala ye cerebellum - pakati pemanzwiro. Vaka“wana” zvokudya zvinonaka pasinei nokuti vakanga vane nzara kana kuti kwete. Iro cerebellum yevanhu vane huremu hwemazuva ose yakagadzirisa mukaka chete kana munhu akanzwa kunzwa nzara.
"Kana uremu hwako husingapfuuri zvakajairwa, maitiro ehomeostasis anoshanda nemazvo uye nekubudirira kudzora iyi nzvimbo yehuropi. Zvisinei, kana wakafuta, pane imwe mhando yekusashanda kwechiratidzo chehomeostatic, saka vanhu vakafuta vanokundwa nemiedzo yezvokudya, kunyange kana vakaguta zvakakwana, "akadaro mutungamiri wezvidzidzo Dana Small.
"Kudya" kwechikafu chine shuga nemafuta kunogona kukanganisa zvachose maitiro akavakirwa-mukati ekuyera uremu mumuviri wemunhu. Somugumisiro, chirwere chekudya chinorega kubudisa "mameseji" emakemikari, kunyanya protein cholecystokinin, iyo "inoshuma" satiety. Ichi chinhu chinofanira kuenda kuuropi uye ipapo ku hypothalamus, uye uropi hunofanira kupa murairo wekurega kudya. Kune vanhu vakafuta, ketani iyi inokanganiswa, saka, vanogona kudzora nguva uye kuwanda kwechikafu chete kubva kunze, ne "chisarudzo chekuda".
Chimwe chinhu chakakosha hachina kujeka kubva muzvidzidzo zvakaitwa, mumweya we "iyo yakatanga, huku kana zai." Vanhu vanofuta here nekuti muviri wavo unenge usisakwanise kuzvitonga wega uremu, kana kuti muviri unorasikirwa nekugona uku kana uchinge wawedzera uremu?
Dr. Small vanotenda kuti zvose zviri zviviri zvinodyidzana. Kutanga, kutyora kwechikafu kunokonzera kusashanda kweiyo homeostatic michina mumuviri, uyezve chirwere chemetabolism chinomutsa kukura kwakanyanya kwekuzara. “Kune hutsinye. Kana munhu achidya zvakanyanya, ndipo paanowedzera njodzi yekudyisa zvakanyanya,” vanodaro. Nekuongorora zvinorehwa nekufuta muchiratidzo chehuropi, masayendisiti anotarisira kunyatsonzwisisa "nzvimbo dzekuzara" muuropi uye kudzidza kudzigadzirisa kubva kunze, makemikari. Hypothetical "slimming pills" munyaya iyi haizotungamiri zvakananga mukuderedza uremu, asi ichadzorera masimba emuviri kuitira kuti ione mamiriro ekuguta.
Zvisinei, nzira yakanakisisa yekusavhiringidza nzira idzi haisi kutanga kukora, vanachiremba vanoyeuchidza. Zviri nani kuti uteerere pakarepo zviratidzo zvemuviri "zvakakwana!", Uye kwete kukundwa nemuedzo wekunwa tii nemakiki uye keke, uye zvechokwadi kuongororazve kudya kwako uchifarira kudya kwakaderera uye nyore nyore kudya.