Pasina kutamiswa, hapana psychoanalysis.

Sofia ane makore 45, uyo ave nemwedzi mitanhatu achirapwa, anoti, “Ndakangoerekana ndawana murapi wangu paInternet, uye ndakabva ndangoziva kuti ndiye. - Pamusangano wega wega, anondishamisa; tinoseka pamwe chete, ndinoda kuziva zvakawanda nezvake: akaroora here, pane vana here. Asi psychoanalysts vanodzivisa kutaura pamusoro pehupenyu hwavo hwega. “Vanoda kuchengeta chimiro chokusatora rutivi, icho Freud akarangarira hwaro hwokurapa kwepfungwa,” anodaro Marina Harutyunyan anoongorora pfungwa. Achiramba asina kwaakarerekera, muongorori anobvumira murwere kuti azvifungidzire akasununguka pamusoro pake. Uye izvi zvinopa kufambiswa kwekunzwa munzvimbo uye nenguva, iyo inonzi kutamiswa.¹.

Kunzwisisa fungidziro

Pane fungidziro yakakurumbira yepsychoanalysis (uye kutamiswa sechikamu chakakosha chayo) yatinotora kubva kupop tsika. Mufananidzo we psychoanalyst uripo mumafirimu akawanda: "Ongorora Izvi", "The Sopranos", "The Couch in New York", "Color of Night", inenge mumafirimu ose eWoody Allen. “Maonero ari nyore aya anoita kuti titende kuti murapi anoona murapi saamai kana baba. Asi ichi hachisi chokwadi zvachose, - inotsanangura Marina Harutyunyan. "Mutengi anoendesa kune muongorori kwete mufananidzo waamai chaivo, asi fungidziro pamusoro pake, kana zvimwe fungidziro pamusoro pechimwe chimiro chake."

Nokudaro, "amai" vanogona kuparadzana kuva amai vokurera vakaipa, vanoshuva kuti mwana afe kana kumutambudza, uye amai vane mutsa, vane rudo rwakakwana. Inogonawo kumiririrwa muchikamu, muchimiro chefungidziro yeakanaka, anogara aripo zamu. Chii chinotemesa kuti ndeipi fungidziro yemutengi icharatidzwa pane psychoanalyst? "Kubva pane kushungurudza kwake, uko pfungwa yekukura kwehupenyu hwake yakatyorwa," Marina Harutyunyan anotsanangura, "uye chii chaicho chiri pakati pezviitiko zvake zvekusaziva uye zvishuvo. Ingave se "danda rechiedza" rimwechete kana rakaparadzana "matanda", zvese izvi zvinozviratidza mune refu analytic therapy.

Nekufamba kwenguva, mutengi anoona uye anoziva nezvekufungidzira kwake (ane chekuita nezviitiko zvehudiki) sechikonzero chekuomerwa kwake panguva ino. Naizvozvo, kutamiswa kunogona kunzi simba rekufambisa repsychotherapy.

Kwete rudo chete

Achikurudzirwa nemuongorori, mutengi anotanga kunzwisisa manzwiro ake mukutamisa uye kunzwisisa izvo zvakabatana nazvo. Mutengi anoita chikanganiso chekukanganisa murapi kune chinhu chemanzwiro ake, asi manzwiro pachawo ndeechokwadi. “Hatina maruramiro okupokanidza rudzi rworudo “rwechokwadi” mukupinda murudo, urwo rwunozviratidzira rumene mukurapa kwokunzvera,” akanyora kudaro Sigmund Freud. Uye zvakare: “Uku kuwira murudo kune zvinyorwa zvitsva zvehunhu hwekare uye kunodzokorora maitiro evana. Asi ichi chinhu chakakosha cherudo chero rupi zvarwo. Hapana rudo rusingadzokorore maitiro emwana.².

Kuchinjisa kunogadzira zviroto uye kunotsigira chishuwo chemutengi chekutaura nezvake uye kuzvinzwisisa kuti aite izvi. Zvisinei, rudo rwakanyanyisa runogona kukanganisa. Mutengi anotanga kudzivisa kureurura kune fungidziro dzakadaro, izvo, kubva pakuona kwake, zvichamuita kuti asanyanya kukwezva mumaziso emurapi. Anokanganwa chinangwa chake chepakutanga - kuporeswa. Naizvozvo, murapi anodzosa mutengi kumabasa ekurapa. “Muongorori wangu akanditsanangurira kuti kutama kunoshanda sei pandinoreurura rudo rwangu kwaari,” anoyeuka kudaro Lyudmila ane makore 42.

Isu tinongo batanidza kutamiswa nekuve murudo, asi pane zvimwe zviitiko mukutamisa zvinotanga muhudiki. "Pashure pezvose, hazvigoni kutaurwa kuti mwana ari murudo nevabereki vake, ichi chinongova chikamu chemanzwiro," anosimbisa Marina Harutyunyan. - Anovimba nevabereki vake, anotya kurasikirwa navo, idzi ndidzo nhamba dzinomutsa manzwiro akasimba, uye kwete chete akanaka. Naizvozvo, kutya, hasha, ruvengo zvinomuka mukutamiswa. Uye ipapo mutengi anogona kupomera murapi kusanzwa, kusagona, kukara, kumufunga kuti ndiye ane mhosva yekutadza kwake ... Uku zvakare kutamiswa, kungoita zvakaipa. Dzimwe nguva yakasimba zvekuti mutengi anoda kukanganisa chirongwa chekurapa. Basa remuongorori munyaya iyi, sepanyaya yekuwira murudo, ndeyekuyeuchidza mutengi kuti chinangwa chake chiri kuporesa uye kumubatsira kuita manzwiro nyaya yekuongorora.

Murapi anoda "kutonga" kutamiswa. "Kudzora uku kunoenderana nekuti anoita zvinoenderana nezviratidzo zvinopihwa nemutengi asingazivi, paanotiisa munzvimbo yaamai vake, mukoma wake, kana kuedza kuita sababa vane utsinye, vachitimanikidza kuti tive vana. , izvo iye pachake akanga ari,” anotsanangura kudaro muongorori wepfungwa anonzi Virginie Meggle (Virginie Meggle). — Tiri kuwira pasi kumutambo uyu. Tinoita sekunge. Panguva yekurapa, tiri pachikuva tichiedza kufungidzira zvikumbiro zvinyararire zverudo. Kwete kuvapindura kuti mutengi awane nzira yavo uye izwi ravo. " Iri basa rinoda kuti psychotherapist awane chiyero chisina kugadzikana.

Ndotya kuchinjirwa here?

Kune vamwe vatengi, kuchinjisa uye kunamatira kune murapi kunotya. "Ini ndaizoitwa psychoanalysis, asi ndinotya kuona kutamiswa uye zvakare kutambura nerudo rusina kufanira," anobvuma Stella ane makore 36, anoda kutsvaka rubatsiro pashure pokurambana. Asi hapana psychoanalysis pasina kutamiswa.

"Unofanirwa kupfuura nenguva ino yekutsamira kuitira kuti vhiki nevhiki uuye zvakare uye zvakare uye kutaura," Virginie Meggle anogutsikana. "Matambudziko ehupenyu haagone kurapwa mumwedzi mitanhatu kana maererano nebhuku repfungwa." Asi kune tsanga yehungwaru mukunyevera kwevatengi: ma psychotherapists ivo pachavo vasina kuita yakakwana psychoanalysis ivo pachavo vanogona kunge vasingakwanise kurarama nekuchinjirwa. Nekupindura manzwiro emutengi nemanzwiro ake, murapi anomhanyisa njodzi yekutyora miganhu yake uye kuparadza mamiriro ekurapa.

"Kana dambudziko remutengi rikawira munzvimbo yeuXNUMX XNUMX budiriro yemunhu murapi, wekupedzisira anogona kurasikirwa nekugadzikana, Marina Harutyunyan anojekesa. "Uye panzvimbo yekuongorora kutamiswa, murapi nemutengi vanozviita." Muchiitiko ichi, kurapwa hakugoneki. Nzira chete yekubuda nayo ndeyokuimisa pakarepo. Uye kune mutengi - kutendeukira kune mumwe psychoanalyst kuti abatsirwe, uye kune murapi - kutendeukira kune utariri: kukurukura basa ravo nevanoshanda navo vane ruzivo.

Client training

Kana nyaya dzedu dzechinyakare dzerudo dzakapfuma muzvishuwo uye nekuodzwa mwoyo, tinozosangana nazvo zvese izvi muchirongwa chekurapa. Nekunyarara kwake, nekuramba kwake kupindura manzwiro emutengi, muongorori anomutsa nemaune kumutswa kwezvipoko kubva kumashure kwedu. Nzvimbo yekurapa inoshanda serabhoritari umo isu tinokokera zvipoko zvekare, asi pasi pekutonga. Kuti udzivise kudzokorora kunorwadza kwemamiriro ekare uye hukama. Kuchinjisa mupfungwa chaiyo yeizwi kunoonekwa mu psychoanalysis uye classical mafomu e psychotherapy iyo yakakura kubva mu psychoanalysis. Zvinotanga kana mutengi achitenda kuti awana munhu anokwanisa kunzwisisa chikonzero chematambudziko ake.

Kutapurirana kunogona kuitika kunyangwe chikamu chekutanga chisati chasvika: semuenzaniso, kana mutengi achiverenga bhuku neramangwana rake repsychotherapist. Pakutanga kwe psychotherapy, maitiro kune murapi anowanzogadziriswa, anoonekwa nemutengi semunhu ane simba. Uye kana mutengi achiwedzera kunzwa kufambira mberi, anowedzera kutenda murapi, kumuyemura, dzimwe nguva anotoda kumupa zvipo. Asi sezvo kuongorora kunofambira mberi, mutengi anowedzera kuziva manzwiro ake.

«Muongorori anomubatsira kugadzirisa mapfundo ayo akasungwa mukusaziva, haisi kunzwisiswa uye isingaonekwi, - inoyeuchidza Marina Harutyunyan. -Nyanzvi mukuita kwekudzidziswa kwake psychoanalytic, achishanda nevamwe vane ruzivo rwakanyanya, anogadzira yakakosha yekuongorora chimiro chepfungwa. Iyo nzira yekurapa inobatsira kukudziridza chimiro chakafanana mumurwere. Zvishoma nezvishoma, kukosha kunoshanduka kubva kune psychoanalyst semunhu kune maitiro ebasa ravo rekubatana. Mutengi anowedzera kuzviteerera, anotanga kufarira kuti hupenyu hwake hwemweya hunoshanda sei, uye kuparadzanisa fungidziro dzake kubva kuhukama chaihwo. Kuziva kunowedzera, tsika yekuzvitarisa inooneka, uye mutengi anoda zvishoma uye zvishoma analytics, achishanduka kuva "muongorori kwaari."

Anonzwisisa kuti mifananidzo yaakaedza kumurapi ndeyake uye nhoroondo yake. Varapi vanowanzofananidza chikamu ichi nenguva iyo mubereki anosunungura ruoko rwemwana kuti abvumire mwana kuzvifambira. "Mutengi uye muongorori vanhu vakaita basa rakakosha, rakadzama, rakakomba pamwechete," anodaro Marina Harutyunyan. - Uye imwe yemigumisiro yebasa iri ndeyechokwadi kuti mutengi haachadi kuvapo nguva dzose kwemuongorori muupenyu hwake hwezuva nezuva. Asi muongorori haazokanganwiki uye haazove munhu anongopfuura. " Manzwiro anodziya uye ndangariro zvicharamba zviripo kwenguva yakareba.

¹ "Kutamisa" ndiyo yakaenzana neRussia izwi rekuti "kutamisa". Izwi rekuti "kuchinjisa" rakashandiswa mukushandurwa kusati kwachinja kwemabasa aSigmund Freud. Ndeipi yemashoko anoshandiswa kakawanda panguva ino, zvakaoma kutaura, zvichida zvakaenzana. Asi isu tinosarudza izwi rekuti "kutamisa" uye mune ramangwana mune chinyorwa chatinoshandisa.

² Z. Freud "Zvinyorwa pamusoro peKushandura Rudo". Shanduro yekutanga yakabuda muna 1915.