Kuti ubudirire muhupenyu, unofanirwa… Kuve nemukurumbira? Shanda zvakanyanya kuti uwane zvakawanda? Kurima bindu remuriwo here? Chii zvacho zvisarudzo zvoupenyu zvinoita kuti tifare ? Muzvinafundo Robert Waldinger weHarvard University (Massachusetts) ane pfungwa yakanyatsojeka. Pakupera kwa2015, akazivisa panguva yeTED musangano wakatariswa nemamiriyoni akati wandei vashandisi veInternet mhedziso dzechidzidzo chakasiyana.

Kwemakore 75, zvizvarwa zvakawanda zvevatsvakurudzi zvakaongorora upenyu hwevarume 724 muUnited States. « Iyo Harvard Chidzidzo cheAdult Development pamwe ndicho chidzidzo chakareba kwazvo chehupenyu hwevanhu vakuru ” kufambira mberi Muzvinafundo Waldinger.

Zvose zvakatanga muna 1938, apo mapoka maviri evechiri kuyaruka uye vechidiki kubva kuBoston akasarudzwa. Imwe inosanganisiravadzidzi veHarvard University yakakurumbira, nepo mumwe wacho achibva kumaruwa varombo zvikuru kubva muguta. “Vechidiki ava vakakura […] vakava vashandi, magweta, masoni, vanachiremba, mumwe wavo Mutungamiriri weUnited States. [John F. Kennedy]. Vamwe vave zvidhakwa. Zvimwe schizophrenics. Vamwe vakadaro akakwira pasocial ladder kubva pasi kusvika kumusoro, uye vamwe vauya neimwe nzira » Anorondedzera musayendisiti.

“Ndezvipi zvidzidzo zvinobuda mumakumi ezviuru emapeji eruzivo rwataunganidza pamusoro pehupenyu uhu? Zvakanaka zvidzidzo hazvisi pamusoro upfumi, kana mukurumbira, kana basa. " Aiwa. Maererano nezvakawanikwa muongororo yacho, munhu wose anogona kuva noupenyu hunogutsa.  

Chidzidzo 1: Zvikomberedze

Kurarama uchifara kuri pamusoro pezvose ropafadzo social relationships “Vanhu vanonyanya kushamwaridzana nemhuri dzavo, shamwari, nharaunda, vanofara, vane utano hwakanaka, uye vanorarama kwenguva refu kupfuura vaya vasina kunyatsobatana. ” anotsanangura muongorori. Muna 2008, iyo INSEE (National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies) yakatsinhirawo mumushumo kuti hupenyu hwevaviri vakapesvedzera zvakanaka kugara zvakanaka kweupenyu hwese. 

Zvakapesana, kunzwa kusurukirwa zuva nezuva zvaizova "Toxic". Vanhu vakazviparadzanisa nevamwe havasi kungonyanya kusafara, asi hutano hwavo uye kugona kwavo kwekuziva kunodererawo nekukurumidza. Muchidimbu “Kusurukirwa kunouraya”. Uye kutaura zvazviri, maererano neuroscientists, ruzivo rwekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe runoita nzvimbo dzakafanana dzehuropi ... marwadzo chisimba¹.

Ipai uye muchagamuchira

Vatsvakurudzi vakaratidza kuti kutora a maitiro akatendeukira kune mumwe inowedzera kugara zvakanaka muvana nevakuru, zvisinei neboka revanhu. Rangarira a chipo zvavakanga vaita, semuenzaniso, vakaita vatori vechikamu chechidzidzo kufara. Vainyanya kushandisa mari pachipo zvakare mushure mechiitiko ichi².

Mune imwe ongororo, vaongorori vakaongorora uropi hwevanhu avo vakapa mari kusangano mutsa³. Mhedzisiro: kunyangwe tichipa kana kugamuchira mari, ndiyo imwe nzvimbo yehuropi iyo inoshanda! Kuti zvive zvakanyatsojeka, nzvimbo iri kutaurwa yakatonyanya kushanda apo vateereri vakapa mari kupfuura pavakaigamuchira. Ndeipi chikamu cheuropi chatiri kutaura nezvacho? Kubva kuventral striatum, subcortical dunhu rakabatana ne mubayiro uye mafaro mumhuka dzinoyamwisa.

Chidzidzo 2: Chengetedza Hukama Hwakanaka

Hazvina kukwana kuti ugare wakakomberedzwa kuti ufare, zvinokoshawo kuva vanhu vakanaka. "Haisi nhamba yeshamwari dzaunadzo, ungave uri murudo kana kwete, asi kunaka kwehukama hwako hwepedyo ndiani anoverenga" anopfupikisa Robert Waldinger.

Waifunga kuti wakachengeteka pakusurukirwa neshamwari dzako mazana mashanu Facebook ? Ongororo ye2013 yakaitwa naEthan Kross nevamwe vaaishanda navo kuYunivhesiti yeMichigan yakaratidza kuti zvidzidzo zvakawanda zvakabatana nesocial network, zvakanyanya ivo suwa⁴. Mhedziso yaive yawana hofori yePalo Alto kurondedzerwa se "Anti-social" network muma media akasiyana. Isu tinoziva kubvira 2015 kuti chokwadi chakanyanya kujeka. Vatsvagiri vamwechete vakafunga kuti kwaive kusava nehanya paFacebook kwaive kwakabatana nekushomeka. Saka hapana njodzi yekuora mwoyo kana iwe uchibatana neshamwari dzako pane network.

zviri nani uri wega pane mucomapny yakaipa

Robert Waldinger anosimbisa chimwe chinhu chakakosha chehukama, kusavapo kwemakakatanwa « michato inopokana, semuenzaniso, isina rudo rukuru, yakashata kune hutano hwedu, pamwe yakatoipisisa kupfuura kurambana ”. Kugara uchifara uye uine hutano hwakanaka, zviri nani uri wega pane mucomapny yakaipa.

Kuti rione kana uchenjeri hwakakurumbira huri kutaura chokwadi, boka rekutsvakurudza rakavimba nechimwe chezvimiro zvemufaro⁵. Tinoziva kuti vanhu vanofara vane mano makuru kupfuura avo vakaora mwoyo chengeta manzwiro akanaka. Saka vatsvakurudzi vakaisa ma electrode pazviso zvevazvipiri ve116 kuitira kuti vaone nguva yekunyemwerera kwavo vachitevera kukurudzira kwakanaka. Schematically, kana ma electrode achiratidza kunyemwerera kunotora nguva yakareba, tinogona kufunga kuti nyaya yacho inopa hutano hwakanyanya, uye zvakasiyana. Zvigumisiro zvakaratidza kuti vanhu vakafumurwa kukakavara kazhinji mukati mevaviri vakapa mhinduro pfupi kune manzwiro akanaka. Kugarika kwavo chaiko kwaive kwadzikira.

Chidzidzo 3: fara kuchembera zviri nani

Muzvinafundo Waldinger akawana chechitatu ” chidzidzo cheupenyu "Nekutarisa zvakanyanya pamarekodhi ezvekurapa evarume muchidzidzo chakatevera kwemakore makumi manomwe nemashanu. Nechikwata chake, vakatsvaga zvinhu zvinogona kufanotaura kukwegura kunofadza uye kune utano. "Yakanga isiri mwero wavo wecholesterol pazera iroro uyo akafanotaura kuti vaizochembera sei" inopfupikisa muongorori. "Vanhu vainyanya kugutsikana muhukama hwavo pa50 vaiva avo vaiva noutano huri nani pazera ramakore 80. "

Hakusi chete kuti hukama hwakanaka hunoita kuti tifare, asi vane chaiyo inodzivirira pahutano. Nokuvandudza kushivirira kune marwadzo Semuyenzaniso “Varoorani vedu vechirume nevakadzi vaifara zvikuru vakashuma, vanenge vava nemakore 80, kuti pamazuva apo kurwadziwa kwomuviri kwakanga kwakanyanya, mirangariro yavo yakaramba ichingofarawo. Asi vanhu vakanga vasingafari muukama hwavo, pamazuva avakashuma kurwadziwa kwakanyanya kwomuviri, kwaiwedzerwa nekurwadziwa mupfungwa. “

Hukama hwakasimba hahungodziviriri miviri yedu, anowedzera chiremba wepfungwa "Dzinodzivirirawo pfungwa dzedu". Pakati pevakapinda muchidzidzo 724, avo vaive muhukama hunogutsa vaive ne ndangariro “Yakapinza” Yakareba. Zvakasiyana “Avo vakanga vari muukama nokunzwa kwokusagona kuvimba nomumwe nomumwe vakaona ndangariro dzavo dzadzikira kare. ” 

Isu takaziva kubva kare kuti mufaro unogoverwa. Saka nei tichinetseka zvakanyanya kuishandisa zuva nezuva? “Zvakanaka isu tiri vanhu. Chatinoda kugadzirisa kuri nyore, chimwe chinhu chatinogona kuwana chinoita kuti hupenyu hwedu hunake. Hukama hwakakanganisika uye hwakaoma, uye kunamatira kumhuri neshamwari hakuna seki kana kukwezva. “

Pakupedzisira, chiremba wepfungwa akasarudza kutaura munyori Mark Twain uyo akati mutsamba kune shamwari, muna 1886. "Hatina nguva - ipfupi hupenyu - hwekupopotedzana, kukumbira ruregerero, ruvengo uye kugadzirisa zvibodzwa. Tine nguva yekuda chete uye kwechinguvana, sekutaura, kuzviita. “