Mifungo yakanyanyisa, kutya kusina musoro, tsika dzisinganzwisisiki - kune imwe nhanho, izvi zvinoratidzira vazhinji vedu. Nzira yekunzwisisa sei kana izvi zviri kunze kwehuwandu hwehutano hwakanaka uye inguva yekutsvaga rubatsiro kubva kune nyanzvi?
Kurarama ne-obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) hakusi nyore. Nechirwere ichi, pfungwa dzinopindira dzinomuka, dzinokonzera kushungurudzika kwakanyanya. Kuti abvise kushushikana, munhu anorwara neOCD anowanzo kumanikidzwa kuita dzimwe tsika.
Muchikamu chechirwere chepfungwa, OCD inorondedzerwa sechirwere chekuzvidya mwoyo, uye kushungurudzika kunozivikanwa kune anenge munhu wose. Asi izvi hazvireve kuti chero munhu ane hutano anonzwisisa izvo murwere weOCD anofanira kusangana nazvo. Kutemwa nemusoro kunozivikanwawo nemunhu wese, asi izvi hazvireve kuti tese tinoziva zvinonzwa vanorwara nemigraine.
Zviratidzo zveOCD zvinogona kukanganisa kukwanisa kwemunhu kushanda, kurarama, uye kuwirirana nevamwe.
“Uropi hwakagadzirwa nenzira yokuti hunogara huchitinyevera nezvengozi dzinotyisidzira kurarama. Asi muvarwere veOCD, iyi uropi system haishande nemazvo. Somugumisiro, vanowanzokurirwa ne“tsunami” chaiyoiyo yezviitiko zvisingafadzi uye havakwanisi kuisa pfungwa dzavo pane chimwe chinhu,” anotsanangura kudaro nyanzvi yepfungwa Stephen Philipson, mutungamiriri wekiriniki weCenter for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy muNew York.
OCD haina kubatanidzwa nechero ipi zvayo yekutya. Zvimwe zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa - semuenzaniso, varwere vanogona kugara vachigeza maoko avo kana kutarisa kuti vaone kana chitofu chakabatidzwa. Asi OCD inogonawo kuratidza sehoarding, hypochondria, kana kutya kukuvadza mumwe munhu. Mhando yakajairwa yeOCD, umo varwere vanoshungurudzwa nekutya kuremadza nezve bonde ravo.
Kungofanana nehumwe chirwere chepfungwa, chiremba ane hunyanzvi chete ndiye anogona kuita ongororo. Asi kuchine zviratidzo zvishoma izvo nyanzvi dzinoti zvinogona kuratidza kuvepo kweOCD.
1. Vanotaurirana pachavo.
Vanorwara neOCD vanowanzotenda kuti kana vakatarisa chitofu zvakare kana kutsvaga paInternet zviratidzo zvechirwere chavanoti vari kurwara nacho, vanozokwanisa kudzikama. Asi OCD inowanzonyengera.
"Kushamwaridzana kwebiochemical kunomuka muuropi nechinhu chekutya. Kudzokororwa kwetsika dzepamusoro kunowedzera kupwisa uropi kuti njodzi ndeyechokwadi, uye nekudaro denderedzwa rakashata rinopedzwa, "anotsanangura kudaro Stephen Philipson.
2. Vanonzwa kuda kunonyanyisa kuita dzimwe tsika.
Ungabvuma here kurega kuita tsika dzenguva dzose (somuenzaniso, kusatarira ka20 pazuva kana suo rokumberi rakakiiwa) kana waibhadharwa zviuru gumi zvemaruble kana imwe mari inokosha zvakakwana kwauri? Kana kufunganya kwako kuri nyore kupihwa chiokomuhomwe, saka kazhinji unongotya makororo kupfuura zvawajaira, asi hauna OCD.
Kune munhu ari kutambura nechirwere ichi, kuita kwetsika kunoratidzika sechinhu cheupenyu nerufu, uye kurarama hakungakosheswi nemari.
3. Zvakaoma zvikuru kuvapwisa kuti kutya kwavo hakuna hwaro.
Vanorwara neOCD vanoziva magadzirirwo emashoko okuti “Hungu, asi…” (“Hungu, bvunzo nhatu dzekupedzisira dzakaratidza kuti handina chirwere ichi kana icho, asi ndinoziva sei kuti masampuli haana kusanganiswa murabhoritari?” ) Nemhaka yokuti kashoma kuva mune chimwe chinhu panguva iyoyo chine chokwadi chakakwana, hapana zvaanotenda zvinobatsira murwere kukurira pfungwa idzi, uye anoramba achinetswa nefunganyo.
4. Vanowanzoyeuka apo zviratidzo zvakatanga.
"Haasi munhu wese ane OCD anogona kutaura chaizvo pakatanga chirwere ichi, asi vazhinji vanoyeuka," anodaro Philipson. Pakutanga, pane kungofunga kusinganzwisisiki, izvo zvino zvinotora chimiro mukutya kwakanyanya - somuenzaniso, kuti iwe, paunenge uchigadzirira kudya kwemanheru, uchangoerekana wabaya mumwe munhu nebanga. Kune vanhu vazhinji, zviitiko izvi zvinopfuura pasina mhedzisiro. Asi vanorwara neOCD vanoita kunge vari kuwira mugomba rakadzika-dzika.
Kana murwere achitya kusvibiswa, chiito chekutanga kwaari chichava chekubata bhanhire remukova uye kwete kugeza maoko ake pashure.
“Panguva dzakadai, kutya kunoita mubatanidzwa neimwe pfungwa. Uye hazvisi nyore kuzvipedza, senge chero muchato usingafadzi, ”Philipson anodaro.
5. Vanopedzwa nekufunganya.
Kunenge kutya kwese kunotambudza varwere veOCD kune hwaro hwechokwadi. Moto unoitika, uye maoko akazara nebhakitiriya. Izvo zvese nezve kusimba kwekutya.
Kana iwe uchikwanisa kurarama hupenyu hwakajairika kunyangwe kusava nechokwadi kunogara kwakabatana neiyi njodzi zvinhu, iwe unogona kunge usina OCD (kana nyoro kesi). Matambudziko anotanga kana kufunganya kwakupedza zvachose, kuchikutadzisa kushanda zvakanaka.
Neraki, OCD inogona kugadziriswa. Mishonga inoita basa rakakosha mukurapa, kusanganisira mamwe marudzi eanodzvinyirira, asi psychotherapy, kunyanya cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), inoshanda zvakaenzana.
Mukati meCBT, mune mushonga unoshanda weOCD unonzi reaction-avoidance exposure. Munguva yekurapa, murwere, pasi pekutarisirwa kwemurapi, anonyatsoiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu anokonzera kutya kunowedzera, asi haafaniri kukundwa nechishuwo chekuita tsika yenguva dzose.
Somuenzaniso, kana murwere achitya kusvibiswa uye achigeza maoko ake nguva dzose, chiito chekutanga kwaari chichava chekubata bhanhire remukova uye kusageza maoko ake mushure meizvi. Muzviitwa zvinotevera, njodzi inooneka inowedzerwa - semuenzaniso, iwe uchada kubata handrail pabhazi, ipapo pombi muchimbuzi chevanhu, zvichingodaro. Somugumisiro, kutya kunotanga kupera zvishoma nezvishoma.