Ashtanga yoga is dynamic yoga, asi pamusoro pezvose hurongwa hwehuzivi hwakagadzirwa naKrishnamacharya, Sage naYogi mushure mekufamba kuenda kuHimalaya makore akapoteredza 1916. Kwemakore manomwe akadzidza Ashtanga Yoga kubva kuna Master Sri Ramamohan Brahmachari. Mumakore ekuma1930 akapfuudza ruzivo urwu kuvadzidzi vakawanda vekuIndia nevekuMadokero. Pakati pevanonyanya kuzivikanwa ndiSri K. Pattabhi Jois, BNS Iyengar, Indra Devi uye mwanakomana wake TKV Desikachar. Iyi tsika yakabva yazivikanwa kuMadokero makore makumi matatu gare gare. Asi chii chinonzi Ashtanga yoga, ndeapi mamisimboti, mabhenefiti, misiyano neyoga yechinyakare, nhoroondo yayo?

Izwi rokuti Ashtanga rinobva kumazwi echiSanskrit "ashtau" zvinoreva 8 uye "anga" zvinoreva "nhengo". Mitezo 8 inoreva maitiro masere akakosha muAshtanga yoga yatichazogadzira gare gare: mitemo yemaitiro, kuzvidzora, kumira kwemuviri, hunyanzvi hwekufema, kugona kwekunzwa, kuisa pfungwa, kufungisisa uye kuvhenekera.

Ashtanga yoga imhando yeHatha yoga umo masisitimu anoperekedzwa nekutambanudza kupa simba, simba kumuviri; uye zvibvumirano (Bandas) zvichivavarira kuunganidza kufema kwakakosha (prana) munzvimbo dzakadzika dzematishu emuviri kuburikidza nekubatanidza mafambiro nekufema (vinyasa). Kunyanya kweAshtanga kuri muchokwadi chekuti zvimiro zvakabatana maererano neakafanotemerwa akateedzana, uye kuti ivo vanonyanya kuoma kuwana. Chero bedzi chimiro chisina kuwanikwa, munhu wacho haazivi iyo inotevera. Izvi zvinomubvumira kuwana kushivirira.

Muviri unopihwa simba nekufema, izvo zvinowedzera tembiricha yemuviri uye zvinobatsira kubvisa muto. Iyo tsika inounza tonicity, simba uye simba rinodiwa kuti uwane nyaradzo pasina marwadzo ari mukati, chero zvichiitwa nemoyo murefu, kuzvininipisa uye tsitsi kuwana ikoko nzira yeUchenjeri. Tsika yeyoga inovavarira kuvhura pfungwa pakufungisisa kuitira kusimudzira kudzikama kwemamiriro epfungwa, asiwo kuita kuti munhu wacho azive kugona kwake kwemweya.

Misimboti yeAshtanga yoga yakavakirwa pamakumbo masere akagadzirwa naPatanjali muunganidzwa wake une musoro unoti "Yoga-sutra", vanoumba rudzi rwehuzivi hwehupenyu hunosanganisira:

Mitemo yemaitiro (yamas)

Iyo yamas ndeyehukama hwedu nevamwe uye zvinhu zvekunze. Kune 5 yamas iyo munhu anofanira kuremekedza: usakuvadza, iva akatendeseka, usaba, iva akatendeka kana kurega (brahmacharya) uye usava nemakaro. Chimiro chekutanga che yama ndi ahimsa zvinoreva kusakonzera marwadzo kune chero chisikwa chipi nechipi, kusakuvadza, kusauraya neimwe nzira uye kusambofa. Zvinosanganisira kuva vegetarian, vegan kana vegan.

Kuzvidzora (niyamas)

Nhengo yechipiri inoreva mitemo iyo munhu anofanira kuzvishandisa kwaari. Maniyamas anoti: kuchena mukati, kuchena kunze, kugutsikana, ruzivo rwezvinyorwa zvinoyera. Iyo yekupedzisira inogona kutungamira mukuzvipira kuna Mwari kana munhu wacho akanyatsopinda mune zvemweya (sadhana) izere nerunako, mufaro uye tsitsi.

Mamiriro emuviri (asanas)

Mamiriro acho anoita kuti zvikwanise kupa muviri simba, kuita kuti uwedzere kushanduka uye kuunza kugadzikana uye kuzvivimba. Chinangwa ndechekudyisa muviri nekufema kwakakosha (prana) mune yega yega posture, kuitira kutungamira kune yekufungisisa mamiriro ekurega kuenda. Mamiriro acho akakosha muAshtanga yoga sezvo achibvumira kugadzirisa kusaenzana uye kudzikamisa kuitira kubatanidza muviri nepfungwa, semamwe ese maitiro eyoga.

Kufema (pranayama)

Izvi zvinosanganisira kufema kwakakosha, kureba kwenguva mukutenderera kwekufema, kurambidzwa kwekufema, uye kuwedzera kana kutambanudza kufema. Kudzidzira pranayama kunobatsira kuchenesa nzira dzakakosha kuhupenyu hwepasi uye kubvisa kushushikana uye chepfu yemuviri neyepfungwa, Mukudzidzira kwemuviri kufema kunobatsira kusimudza tembiricha yemuviri, izvo zvinosimudzira kubviswa kwehupfu. Kufemerwa uye kupera kunofanirwa kuve kwenguva imwechete uye kuitwa kuburikidza nemhino nemweya unonzi ujjayi. MuAshtanga yoga uye mune ese postural maitiro, kufema kwakakosha nekuti kwakabatana nemanzwiro.

Kubata pfungwa (pratyahara)

Ndiko kudzora manzwi kunogona kutungamirira mukugadzikana kwemukati, izvi zvinogoneka nekunangidzira kutarisisa kwemunhu pane rhythm yekufema. Kutsvaga kudzikamisa uye kudzora pfungwa dzake pasina kukanganiswa neimwe kana kupfuura yepfungwa dzedu shanu zvinobatsira munhu kuti afambire mberi akananga kuconcentration kusvika avharwa. Munhu wacho haachatarisiri kuzvinhu zvokunze kuti aise pfungwa dzake paari uye manzwiro ake omukati.

Concentration (dharana)

Kutarisisa kwemunhu kunofanirwa kunangana nechinhu chekunze, kudedera kana mutinhimira mukati mako.

Kufungisisa (dhyana)

Basa rekutarisa rinobvumira tsika yekufungisisa, iyo inosanganisira kumisa mabasa ese epfungwa, uko pasina kufunga kuripo.

L'illumination (samadhi)

Iyi nhanho yekupedzisira inoumba mubatanidzwa pakati peiye (atman) uye mhedziso (brahman), muuzivi hwechiBhudha inonzi nirvana, ndiyo mamiriro ekuziva kuzere.

Ashtanga yoga inokubvumira kuti:

• Deredza chepfu: Kuita kweAshtanga yoga kunokonzera kuwedzera kwekushisa kwemukati kunokonzera kuwedzera kwekudikitira. Izvi zvinobvumira kubviswa kwechepfu kubva mumuviri.
• Simbisa majoini emuviri: kushandiswa kwemaitiro akasiyana-siyana uye ane simba anosimudzira kushanda kwakakodzera kwemajoini.
• Wedzera kutsungirira uye kushanduka
• Kuderedza uremu: chidzidzo chevana gumi nevana vane makore 14 kusvika ku8 vari panjodzi yekuva nechirwere cheshuga chechipiri chakaratidza kuti Ashtanga yoga yaiva shamwari inobatsira yekuderedza uremu.
• Deredza kushushikana uye kusagadzikana: Kufungisisa uye kufema maekisesaizi kwakanakira kugadzirisa zvirinani kushushikana pamwe nekuderedza kusagadzikana.
• Inoenzanisa maDoshas muAyurveda.

MuAshtanga yoga, vanhu vanogara muchimiro chimwe kwenguva pfupi nekuti chimiro chega chega chakabatana nenhamba yakatsanangurwa yekufema (5 kana 8), iyo inobvumira kukurumidza kutevedzana kwezvimiro zvakati wandei. Saka zvinoda kuwedzera kudyara kwemuviri uye inoita kuti yoga iwedzere simba pane yechinyakare yoga. Uye zvakare, iyo nzira yekufema yakakosha uye nguva yekufemerwa uye kupera simba inogadzirisa mukushandurwa kwemaitiro.

Mavambo eAshtanga yoga anonzi anobva pane chinyorwa chekare chakanzi "Yoga Korunta". Ichi chinyorwa chakanyorwa naVamana Rish pakati pe500 ne1500 BC uye zvakawanikwazve naSri Tirumalai Krishnamacharya muraibhurari yeyunivhesiti muCalcutta. Nyanzvi muSanskrit yekare, ainzwisisa kuti chinyorwa ichi chaive chikamu chetsika dzechinyakare dzepamuromo (pakati pe3000 & 4000 BC), akatanga kudzidzidzisa kuna Pattabhi Jois muna 1927 aine makore gumi nemaviri. Patanjali anofungidzira Ashtanga Yoga muYoga Sutra inosanganisira isingasviki 12 Aphorisms inotangira kubva muzana ramakore rechipiri BC kana mazana mana emakore mushure.

Mubhuku II uye III yeYogas Sutras, maitiro eAshtanga anotaurwa, aya akabatana neiyo yoga zviitiko uye chinangwa chekumutsa asceticism: kucheneswa, maitiro emuviri, maitiro ekufema. Patanjali anoisa kukoshesa kushoma pakuita postural, chokwadi, izvi zvinofanirwa kutapurirana neMasters kana Guru uye kwete nemanzwi ekutsanangura. Vanofanirawo kupa kugadzikana uye kuderedza kushanda nesimba kuti vadzivise kuneta uye kutya mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemuviri. Ivo vanodzikamisa maitiro emuviri kubvumira kutarisa kutarisa pane yemvura chikamu chekuziva. Pakutanga, maitiro angaita seasina kugadzikana, kunyange asingatsungiririki. Asi neushingi, kugara uye kushivirira kuedza kunova kushoma kudzamara yanyangarika: izvi zvakakosha nekuti chimiro chekufungisisa chinofanira kuve chakasikwa kuitira kufambisa pfungwa.

Iko hakuna chaizvo zvakabva kuAshtanga kubvira Ashtanga, nhasi inozivikanwa mune yayo yemuviri uye postural fomu, iyo pachayo yakabva kuHatha yoga, seVinyasa yoga kana Iyengar yoga. Nhasi, kune zvikoro zvakasiyana zvinogadzira yoga asi isu hatifanire kukanganwa kuti yoga iri pamusoro pese uzivi, uye kuti muviri mudziyo unotibvumira kuita zvirinani patiri uye patiri.

Iyi fomu yeyoga inonyanya kuitirwa vanhu vanoshuvira kuchengetedza chimiro chavo chemuviri uye kuburitsa masimba avo asina kunaka, kuti vawane mamwe akanaka. Pamusoro pezvo, zviri nani kuti munhu wacho akurudzirwe sezvo Ashtanga yoga inotora kufarira kwayo yese kana ichiitwa kwenguva refu.