PSYchology

“Bhuku rakakurumbira rokushanda kwepfungwa, rakanyorwa makore 45 apfuura, rakazobuda mumutauro wokuRussia,” inodaro nyanzvi yezvepfungwa Vladimir Romek. - Pane zvikonzero zvakasiyana siyana zvekuti iyo inozivikanwa yekare yepfungwa yenyika haina kumiririrwa munzvimbo inotaura chiRussia. Pakati pazvo, zvichida, kupikisa kwakavanzika kunopikisa pfungwa dzakaedzwa dzakasimbiswa dzinozvidza uyo anotenda mukusiyana kwake.

"Beyond Freedom and Dignity" naBurres Frederick Skinner

Chii chakakonzera nhaurirano dzakapisa, uye kwete chete pakati penyanzvi? Chainyanya kugumbura muravi kwaiva kutaura kwokuti munhu haatombova norusununguko runodavirwa nevakawanda. Asi, maitiro ake (uye iye pachake) chiratidzo chemamiriro ekunze uye mhedzisiro yezviito zvake, izvo zvinongoratidzika sekuzvimiririra. Nyanzvi dzepfungwa, hongu, dzinogumburwa nekufungidzira nezve "tsananguro dzenhema" dzavanoedza kududzira izvo zvavasingakwanisi kugadzirisa. Rusununguko, ruremekedzo, kuzvitonga, hunyanzvi, hunhu zvinongori kure-kure uye zvisingaite mazwi kune anozvibata. Zvitsauko zvakatsaurirwa pakudzidza kwechirango, kunyanya, kusakosha kwayo uye kunyange kukuvadza, zvakava zvisingatarisirwi. Nharo yacho yaityisa, asi kujeka kwenharo dzaSkinner nguva dzose kwairaira ruremekedzo rwevaimupikisa. Nekuona kunoshamisa kwemasikirwo evanhu, hongu, ndinoda kukakavara: kwete zvinhu zvose pano zvinogona kuyananiswa nemafungiro pamusoro pekuzvisarudzira, pamusoro pezvikonzero zvemukati zvezviito zvedu. Hazvigoneke kuti usiye pakarepo "tsananguro dzepfungwa" dzezviito zvedu uye zvevamwe vanhu. Asi zvamazvirokwazvo iwe, seni, uchakuwana kwakaoma kurangarira nzvimbo yomunyori seyapamusoro. Panyaya yechokwadi chechokwadi, Skinner anogona kupa kusawirirana kune dzimwe nzira dzakawanda dzinofungidzirwa nesainzi dzekutsanangura zvitubu zvinofambisa munhu.

Dudziro kubva kuChirungu naAlexander Fedorov, Operant, 192 p.

Leave a Reply