Mukati
Vakuru vese nevana, kunze kwekushomeka, vanoziva chirevo chakakurumbira uye chinonakidza - "Inwa, vana, mukaka, uchave mutano!" … Zvisinei, nhasi, nekuda kwekutsvagurudzwa kwesainzi, chimiro chakanaka cheichi chirevo chakadzima zvakanyanya - zvinoitika kuti havazi vese vakuru nevana mukaka vane hutano chaihwo. Zvakare, mune zvimwe zviitiko, mukaka haungori chete usina hutano, asiwo une njodzi kuhutano! Zvinoita here kana kuti kwete kuti vana vakame mukaka?
Zvizhinji zvezvizvarwa zvakakurira pakutenda kuti mukaka wemhuka ndeimwe ye "mabwe emakona" ezvekudya kwevanhu, mune mamwe mazwi, chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha uye zvinobatsira mukudya kwevakuru kwete chete, asiwo vana vangangoita kubva pakuberekwa. Nekudaro, munguva yedu, akawanda matema matema akaonekwa pane chena mukurumbira wemukaka.
Vana vanogona kudya mukaka here? Age nyaya!
Zvinoitika kuti zera rega rega revanhu rine hukama hwaro hwakakosha nemukaka wemombe (uye nenzira, kwete nemukaka wemombe chete, asiwo nembudzi, hwai, ngamera, nezvimwewo). Uye hukama uhu hunodzorwa zvakanyanya nekugona kwesisitimu yedu yekudyara zvine hunhu kugaya uyu mukaka chaiwo.
Chinokosha ndechekuti mukaka une yakakosha shuga yemukaka - lactose (mumutauro chaiwo wemasayendisiti, lactose iri makabhohaidhireti eboka re disaccharide). Kuputsa lactose, munhu anoda huwandu hwakakwana hweiyo enzyme yakakosha - lactase.
Kana mwana achinge azvarwa, kugadzirwa kweiyo enzyme yelactase mumuviri wake kwakanyanya zvakanyanya - saka zvakasikwa "zvakafungidzirwa" kuitira kuti mwana awane kubatsirwa kwakanyanya uye zvinovaka muviri kubva kumukaka waamai vake wemukaka.
Asi nezera, iro basa rekugadzira enzyme lactase mumuviri wemunhu inoderera zvakanyanya (makore gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu mune vamwe vayaruka, zvinonyangarika).
Ndicho chikonzero mishonga yemazuva ano isingakurudziri kushandiswa kwemukaka (kwete zvigadzirwa zvemukaka wakaoma, asi zvakananga mukaka pachako!) Nevakuru. Mazuvano, vanachiremba vakabvumirana kuti kunwa mukaka kunounza kukuvadza kwakawanda kuhutano hwevanhu pane kunaka ...
Uye pano mubvunzo unonzwisisika unomuka: kana makemikari achangoberekwa uye mucheche ari pasi pegore rimwe aine kugadzirwa kwakanyanya kweiyo lactase enzyme muhupenyu hwavo hwese hweramangwana, izvi zvinoreva here kuti vana, chero bedzi kuyamwisa kusingaiti, zvinonyanya kukosha kupa chikafu "Rarama" mukaka wemombe pane fomura yemucheche kubva kubhangi?
Zvinoitika - kwete! Iko kushandiswa kwemukaka wemukaka hakuna kungoitira hutano kune vacheche, asi uyezve, izere nenjodzi dzakawanda. Ndezvipi izvozvo?
Ko mukaka unogona here kushandiswa kune vana vari pasi pegore rimwe chete?
Neraki, kana zvinosuwisa, mupfungwa dzevanhu vazhinji (kunyanya avo vanogara kumaruwa) mumakore achangopfuura, stereotype yakagadzira kuti mukushaikwa kwemukaka waamai vadiki, mwana anogona uye anofanira kupihwa nemusanganiswa kubva mugaba, asi neakarambana rustic mhou kana mukaka wembudzi. Vanotaura kuti zvese zviri zviviri zvine hupfumi, uye padhuze nemasikirwo, uye zvinonyanya kubatsira mukukura uye kukura kwemwana - mushure mezvose, aya ndiwo maitiro akaita vanhu kubvira nakare-kare! ..
Asi zviripo, kushandiswa kwemukaka kubva kumhuka dzekurima nevacheche (ndokuti, vana vari pasi pegore rimwe) kune njodzi huru kuhutano hwevana!
Semuenzaniso, rimwe rematambudziko makuru ekushandisa mukaka wemombe (kana mbudzi, mare, reindeer - kwete iyo poindi) mune chikafu chevana mugore rekutanga rehupenyu kusimudzira kwemariketi akakomba munenge zana % yezviitiko.
Izvi zvinoitika sei? Icho chokwadi ndechekuti marickets, sekuzivikanwa kwakawanda, anoitika achitarisana nekushomeka kwakaringana kwevhitamini D. Asi kunyangwe kana mwana achinyatsopihwa ichi chakakosha vhitamini D kubva pakuzvarwa, asi panguva imwechete umupe mukaka wemombe (uyo , nenzira, iyo pachayo inopa sosi vhitamini D), ipapo chero kuyedza kwekudzivirira mariketi kuchave pasina - iyo phosphorus iri mumukaka, maiwe, ichava mhosva yekugara uchirasikirwa necalcium uye izvo chaizvo vhitamini D.
Kana mwana achidya mukaka wemombe kwegore, anowana karusiyamu zvakapetwa ka5 pane zvaanoda, uye phosphorus - kanopfuura ka7 kupfuura zvakajairwa. Uye kana calcium yakawandisa ikabviswa kubva mumuviri wemwana pasina matambudziko, saka kuti ubvise yakakwana phosphorus, itsvo dzinofanira kushandisa zvese calcium nevhithamini D. Saka, mukaka wakawanda unoshandiswa nemwana, kunyanya kushomeka kwevhitamini D uye calcium muviri wake unosangana.
Saka zvinoitika: kana mwana akadya mukaka wemombe kwegore rese (kunyangwe chikafu chinowirirana), haagashi calcium yaanoda, asi zvinopesana, anorasikirwa nayo nguva zhinji uye muhuwandu hwakawanda.
Uye pamwe necalcium, iye zvakare anorasikirwa nemutengo wakakosha vhitamini D, pakanangana nekushomeka kwekuti mwana achazogadzira rickets. Kana zviri zvemukaka wemukaka mafomura, mavari ese, pasina kusarudzika, yose phosphorus yakawandisa inobviswa nemaune - kune chikafu chevacheche, ivo, nekududzirwa, vanobatsira kupfuura mukaka wese wemombe (kana wembudzi).
Uye chete kana vana vachinge vakura kusvika gore re1, ipapo itsvo dzavo dzinokura zvakanyanya zvekuti vanenge vatokwanisa kubvisa phosphorus yakawandisa, pasina kunyima muviri wecalcium uye vhitamini D inoda. Uye, maererano naizvozvo, mukaka wemhou (pamwe chete nembudzi uye chero mukaka wemhuka yakabva) kubva kune zvinokuvadza mumenyu yevana inoshanduka kuva chigadzirwa chinobatsira uye chakakosha.
Dambudziko repiri rakakomba rinomuka kana uchipa vana mukaka wemombe ndiko kukura kwemhando dzakakomba dzekushaya ropa. Sezvinoonekwa kubva patafura, iyo simbi iri mumukaka wemunhu wemukaka yakati rebei zvishoma pane mukaka wemombe. Asi kunyangwe iyo simbi iyo ichiripo mumukaka wemombe, mbudzi, makwai nedzimwe mhuka dzekurima hadzifwe nemuviri wemwana zvachose - saka, kukura kweanemia kana uchidya nemukaka wemombe kunovimbiswa.
Mukaka mukudya kwevana mushure megore
Nekudaro, iyo taboo yekushandisa mukaka muhupenyu hwemwana chiitiko chenguva pfupi. Nechekare apo mwana anoyambuka chiitiko chegore rimwe chete, itsvo dzake dzinova chikamu chakazara uye chakakura, iyo electrolyte metabolism yakajairwa uye iyo yakawandisa phosphorus mumukaka haimutyisi zvakanyanya.
Uye kutanga kubva pagore, zvinokwanisika kupinza mukaka wakazara kana mukaka wembudzi mukudya kwemwana. Uye kana munguva kubva pagore kusvika pamakore matatu huwandu hwayo hunofanirwa kudzorwa - mwero wezuva nezuva ungangoita magirazi e1-3 emukaka wakazara - zvino mushure memakore matatu mwana akasununguka kunwa mukaka wakawanda pazuva sezvaanoda.
Kunyatsotaura, kuvana, mukaka wemhou wakakwana hausi chinhu chakakosha uye chakakosha chekudya - zvese zvakanaka zvaunazvo zvinogona kuwanikwa kubva kune zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakare.
Naizvozvo, vanachiremba vanosimbirira kuti kushandiswa kwemukaka kunoenderana chete nezvinodhakwa zvemucheche iye pachake: kana achida mukaka, uye kana asinganzwe kusagadzikana mushure mekumwa, saka rega anwe kuhutano hwake! Uye kana asingazvifarire, kana zvakanyanya, anonzwa kusanzwisisika kubva mumukaka, saka chako chekutanga kunetsekana kwevabereki ndechekugonesa mbuya vako kuti kunyangwe pasina mukaka, vana vanogona kukura vakagwinya, vakasimba uye vachifara…
Nekudaro, ngatimbodzokororai muchidimbu kuti ndeapi vana vanogona kunakirwa nemukaka zvachose vasingadzoreke, ndeapi anofanirwa kuinwa vachitarisirwa nevabereki vavo, uye ndeapi anofanirwa kunyimwa zvachose chigadzirwa ichi mukudya kwavo:
Vana kubva 0 kusvika 1 gore. mukaka une njodzi kuhutano hwavo uye haikurudzirwe kunyangwe muzvidiki zvidiki (nekuti njodzi yekuvandudza marickets uye kupererwa neropa kwakanyanya zvakanyanya);
Vana kubva pa1 kusvika pamakore matatu ekuberekwa: mukaka unogona kuverengerwa mumenyu yevana, asi zviri nani kuupa mwana muhuwandu hushoma (magirazi 2-3 pazuva);
Vana kubva pamakore matatu kusvika pamakore gumi nematatu ekuberekwa: pazera iri, mukaka unogona kudyiwa zvinoenderana nemutemo "zvakanyanya sezvaanoda - rega anwe zvakanyanya";
Vana vanopfuura makore gumi nematatu ekuberekwa: mushure memakore 12-13 ari mumuviri wemunhu, kugadzirwa kwe enzyme ye lactase kunotanga kupera zvishoma nezvishoma, maererano naizvozvo vanachiremba vemazuva ano vanoomerera pakushandiswa zvine mwero kwemukaka wese uye shanduko kune zvigadzirwa zvemukaka chete, umo kuvirisa. maitiro atove "akashanda" pakuputsika kweshuga yemukaka.
Vanachiremba vemazuva ano vanodavira kuti mushure memakore gumi nemashanu, anenge 15% yevagari vePasi, kugadzirwa kweiyo enzyme iyo inoputsa mukaka shuga inoderera kuita mashoma. Izvo zvinogona kukonzeresa mhando dzese dzematambudziko nezvirwere mudumbu. Ndokusaka kunwiwa kwemukaka wakazara mukuyaruka (uyezve mukukura) kunoonekwa sekusingafadzi kubva pakuona kwekurapa kwemazuva ano.
Inobatsira chokwadi pamusoro pemukaka wevacheche uye nezvimwe
Mukupedzisa, hezvino zvimwe zvidiki-zvinozivikanwa nezve mukaka wemombe nekushandisa kwayo, kunyanya nevana:
Kana yakabikwa, mukaka unochengeta ese mapuroteni, mafuta uye makabhohaidhiretsi, pamwe necalcium, phosphorus uye nezvimwe zvicherwa. Zvisinei, mabhakitiriya anokuvadza anourawa uye mavhitaminzi anoparadzwa (ayo, mukusaruramisira, zvinofanirwa kutaurwa, haasati ambova iwo mabhenefiti makuru emukaka). Saka kana iwe uine kusahadzika nezvekwakabva mukaka (kunyanya kana wautenga pamusika, mu "private sector", nezvimwewo), ive shuwa kuibika usati wayipa mwana wako.
Kune mwana ane makore 1 kusvika ku4-5 makore, zvinokurudzirwa kuti usape mukaka, iwo mafuta ayo anodarika 3%.
Physiologically, muviri wemunhu unogona kurarama hupenyu hwayo hwese pasina mukaka wakazara, uku uchichengetedza zvese hutano uye chiitiko. Mune mamwe mazwi, hapana zvinhu mumukaka wemhuka zvakatangira izvo zvingave zvakakosha kuvanhu.
Kana mwana ane chirwere che rotavirus, ipapo pakarepo mushure mekupora, mukaka unofanira kubviswa zvachose kubva pakudya kwake kwemavhiki anenge 2-3. Ichokwadi ndechokuti kwenguva yakati rotavirus mumuviri womunhu "inodzima" kugadzirwa kwe enzyme lactose - iyo inoputsa mukaka shuga lactase. Mune mamwe mazwi, kana mwana akadyiswa zvigadzirwa zvemukaka (kusanganisira mukaka wemukaka!) Mushure mokutambura ne rotavirus, izvi zvinovimbiswa kuwedzera zvirwere zvakawanda zvekudya nenzira yekusadya, kurwadziwa kwepamuviri, kuvhara kana manyoka, nezvimwewo.
Makore akati wandei apfuura, imwe yenzvimbo dzinoremekedzwa zvikuru dzezvekurapa pasi rose - Harvard Medical School - yakabvisa zviri pamutemo mukaka wakazara wemhuka kubva pane rondedzero yezvigadzirwa zvakanakira hutano hwevanhu. Tsvagiridzo yakaunganidza kuti iyo nguva dzose uye yakawandisa kunwa mukaka kune mhedzisiro yakanaka pakukura kweatherosclerosis uye chirwere chemoyo, pamwe nekuitika kwechirwere cheshuga uye kunyangwe cancer. Zvakadaro, kunyangwe vanachiremba vepaHarvard School ine mukurumbira vakatsanangura kuti kunwa mukaka zvine mwero uye pano neapo kunogamuchirwa uye kwakachengeteka. Pfungwa ndeyokuti mukaka kwenguva yakareba waifungidzirwa zvisiri izvo chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvehupenyu hwevanhu, hutano uye hupenyu hurefu, uye nhasi wakarasikirwa neropafadzo iyi, uyewo nzvimbo yekudya kwezuva nezuva kwevanhu vakuru nevana.