Mukati
Stingrays iboka rakakosha kwazvo remhuka dzemugungwa maererano nekuumbwa kwemarudzi. Stingrays inonzi superorder yehove yecartilaginous, iyo inosanganisira mhuri dzinenge gumi neshanu uye makumi emarudzi. Vose zvavo vanobatanidzwa nechitarisiko chisina kujairika uye mararamiro. Zvipenyu zvizhinji ndezvinogara mumvura, asi kunewo mvura yakachena. Hove dzinoonekwa nemuviri wakatsetseka uye muswe wakareba kunge chikwapuro. Kurutivi rwepamusoro kune maziso uye spritzes - maburi ekufema ane mavharuvhu ayo hove dzinokwevera mvura mumagill. Magill plates pachawo, muromo nemhino zviri pasi pehove, iyo inowanzochena muruvara. Rutivi rwekunze rwehove rune ruvara rwekudzivirira rwunoenderana nemamiriro ehupenyu. Zviyero muma stingrays zvinoderedzwa kana kushandurwa kuita imwe mhando inonzi placoid. Kunze, inofanana nemahwendefa ane spike, iyo inogadzira chimiro chisina kujairika, nepo ganda rine chimiro chisina kujairika. Kazhinji kubudiswa kwehove iyi kunobatanidzwa nekushandiswa kweganda restingray kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvigadzirwa. Saizi yehove, maererano, inosiyana zvakanyanya kubva pamasendimita mashoma kusvika 15-6 m pakureba. Kufanana nehove dzese dzecartilaginous, stingrays ine hurongwa hwetsinga hwakakura hwakabatana zvakananga nenhengo dzekunzwa. Mamwe marudzi e stingray anogona kuva nengozi kuvanhu nekuda kwekuvapo kwepike inopinza pamuswe. Uye mhuri yemagetsi emagetsi ine nhengo yavanogona kuomesera nekubuda kwemagetsi. Nzvimbo yekugara ye stingrays inotora mvura yemakungwa ose, kubva kuArctic neAntarctic kusvika kumakungwa anopisa. Mazhinji stingrays anotungamira mararamiro ebhenthic, asi kunewo marudzi epelargic. Vanodya pamhuka dzepasi: mollusks, crustaceans nevamwe, pelargic - plankton. Varedzi veRussia vanogara muchikamu cheEurope vanonyanya kuzivikanwa nemhando mbiri dze stingrays dzinogara mumvura yeAzov-Black Sea nharaunda: stingray (katsi yegungwa) uye gungwa regungwa.
Nzira dzekubata stingrays
Tichifunga nezvemararamiro, nzira huru yekubata stingrays iri pasi giya. Chinhu chakakosha pakusarudzwa kwemichina hukuru hwemhuka uye kubata hove. Kubata hove dzepakati-kati yeGungwa Dzvuku, kubata kunoshandiswa, iro simba rayo rinobatanidzwa, pane kudaro, nekukanda kure uye kuita. Kazhinji, "madhongi" ose ari nyore uye akagadzirirwa kubata marudzi akawanda ehove. Pamusoro pezvo, stingrays zvikara uye panguva yekuvhima kushingaira ivo vanopindirana nekuruka tambo uye kubhururuka-hove hove.
Kubata stingrays pagiya rezasi
Kubata stingrays, zvichienderana nenharaunda, giya rakasiyana rinogona kushandiswa. Zvinoenderana nehukuru hwekubata. Kana iri yekubata hove kumaodzanyemba kweRussia, vazhinji vanobata hove vanosarudza kubata stingrays kubva kumhenderekedzo ne "refu-range" pasi tsvimbo. Kune giya rezasi, matanda akasiyana-siyana ane "running rig" anoshandiswa, aya anogona kunge ari maviri akasarudzika "surf" tsvimbo uye akasiyana anotenderera tsvimbo. Kureba uye kuyedzwa kwematanda kunofanirwa kuenderana nemabasa akasarudzwa uye nzvimbo. Kungofanana nedzimwe nzira dzekuredza mugungwa, hapana chikonzero chekushandisa tambo dzakatetepa. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nemamiriro ekubata hove uye kugona kubata hove yakakura uye ine hupenyu hwakanaka. Mumamiriro ezvinhu mazhinji, kubata hove kunogona kuitika pakadzika uye kureba, zvinoreva kuti zvinove zvakafanira kupedza tambo kwenguva yakareba, izvo zvinoda kumwe kuedza kwemuviri kune chikamu chemubati wehove uye kuwedzera zvinodiwa zvesimba rekubata uye reels. , zvikuru sei. Zvinoenderana nemusimboti wekushanda, macoils anogona kuve ari maviri ekuwedzera uye inertial-isina. Saizvozvo, tsvimbo dzinosarudzwa zvichienderana neiyo reel system. Kuti usarudze nzvimbo yekuredza, unofanirwa kubvunza vane ruzivo veko vanoredza kana vatungamiriri. Kubata hove kunonyanya kuitwa usiku, asi stingrays inowanzoita kuzvidzivirira, uye naizvozvo kugara pedyo nematanda usiku hwose hazvidiwi. Paunenge uchibata hove, kunyanya usiku, zvakakosha kuyeuka kuchenjerera paunenge uchibata hove nekuda kwe spikes.
Zviredzo
Kana uchiredza nemhando dzakasiyana dzepasi, chirauro chakanakisa pamhenderekedzo yeGungwa Dzvuku chinoonekwa sechirauro chinobva kuhove diki dzepamahombekombe. Nokuda kweizvi, mabhuru emunharaunda epakati-kati anobatwa mberi uye zvichingodaro. Zvakakosha kuchengeta hove dziri mhenyu murwendo rwose rwokuredza. Sezvatotaurwa, stingrays inogona kubatwa se "bycatch" mukuruka uye kuredza kubhururuka. Kuredza kwakadaro kunotsamira zvikuru pamamiriro ezvinhu enzvimbo yacho kupfuura pahove yakati.
Nzvimbo dzekuredza uye dzekugara
Kusiyana kwemarudzi estingray kunosimbiswa nenzvimbo yakakura yekugara. Hove dzinowanikwa mumakungwa ose kusvika pamwero mukuru kana muduku. Huwandu hukuru hwezvipenyu pamwe ndehwenzvimbo dzinopisa uye dzinopisa. Hove dzinogara pakadzika dzakasiyana uye dzinorarama mararamiro akasiyana. Kazhinji swedera kumhenderekedzo yegungwa. Pelargic mhuka dzinodya plankton, uye, dzichiivhima, dzinodzitevera muhukuru hwemakungwa. Mhando dzemvura yakachena dzinogara munzizi dzeAsia neAmerica.
Kubereka
Marara, semashaki, ane marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekubereka. Vanhukadzi vane nhengo dzemukati dzesikarudzi dzine chibereko chekutanga. Nekusangana kwemukati, hove dzinoisa mazai capsules kana kubereka yakatogadzirwa fry.