Humhondi husinganzwisisike, humbowo hunotsausa, kuferefeta kwakazara… Anenge munhu wese anoda nyaya dzemutikitivha. Sei? Muyananisi uye munyori wenhoroondo yetsika David Evans anobatsira kupindura mubvunzo uyu. Maererano naye, zvakavanzika, sengano dzevana, zvinotibvisa kubva pakutya kusvika kune chokwadi.
Tese tinoda nyaya, uye vazhinji vedu tinonyanya kukwezvwa kuponda zvakavanzika uye ngano dzerufu nemhirizhonga.
Murevereri uye munyori webhuku David Evans, achitaura nezvehuwandu hweindasitiri yekutsikisa, anoti muna 2018, vaverengi vaifarira zvakavanzika zvemhondi - kutengeswa kwemabhuku akadaro kunotungamirwa nemuganho wakakosha. “Asi mamwe mabhuku enganonyorwa ane utsotsi hwakawanda, umhondi nenyonganyonga,” anodaro. Chii chinoita kuti nyaya dzematikitivha dzisiyane?
Evans anotanga ongororo yake nekutarisa maficha eiyo genre. Chii chaicho chayo?
Muchokwadi, nyaya yega yega yekuferefeta inofanirwa kusanganisira zvinhu zvitanhatu:
1. Kuponda. Chinhu chekutanga chinodiwa panhau yemutikitivha kuuraya. Mumwe munhu anourawa pakutanga kwenyaya, uye chiitiko ichocho ndiyo injini inotyaira imwe nyaya. Inomutsa mubvunzo mukuru unofanirwa kugadziriswa mukupedzisira.
2. Muurayi. Kana munhu akaurayiwa, ndiani akazviita?
3. Detective. Mumwe munhu anozvipira kugadzirisa mhosva uye kuunza mhondi kumatare edzimhosva.
Mumabhuku nemabhaisikopo, kune huwandu, husingaverengeki huwandu hwevanhu vanotora basa re "mutikitivha". Uyu ndiye musikana wekare Miss Marple uye eccentric Hercule Poirot, mufundisi wezera repakati Baba Brown uye mudiki anoyevedza Sidney Chambers, murume akafuta Nero Wolfe asingasiyi imba yake uye gweta rinoshanda Perry Mason, akangwara uye akanaka. Erast Fandorin uye "mambo wevatikitivha" Nat Pinkerton, musikana -Teenager Flavia de Luce uye ane ruzivo Detective Inspector Barnaby ... Uye idzi hadzisi dzese sarudzo!
Kana tasvika padenouement, maitiro edu anofanira kunge ari: “Oo, chokwadi! Iye zvino ndazvionawo!”
Matikitivha ndiwo atinowanzozivikanwa nawo isu vaverengi. Havasi magamba. Vanowanzova nezvikanganiso uye vanoona kukakavara kwemukati, kuoma, uye dzimwe nguva munjodzi huru, izvo zvinoita kuti zviite sekuti havazokwanisi kuwana muurayi.
4. Mamiriro ezvinhu uye mamiriro ezvinhu. Senyaya yekusarudza mutikitivha, huwandu hwepano hunenge husina muganho. Chiito ichi chinogona kuitika kuseri kwepasi kana metropolis ine ruzha, munzvimbo ine chando yeEurope kana pachitsuwa cheparadhiso mugungwa. Nekudaro, mune yakanaka yekirasi yekuongorora nyaya, kutendwa kwakakosha. Muverengi anofanira kutenda muchokwadi chenyika yaanonyudzwa mairi. Hapana mashiripiti echokwadi, David Evans anosimbisa.
5. Maitiro. Nzira iyo mutikitivha anoratidza nayo mhondi inofanirawo kutendwa zvachose. Hapana mashiripiti kana mazano. Mune yemhando yepamusoro nyaya yehutikitivha, zviratidzo zvinobuda nguva dzese, asi munyori kana screenwriter, nehungwaru hwen'anga, anozvitsaudzira mumimvuri kana kuita kuti zvisanzwisisika.
Uye kana tasvika padenouement, maitiro edu anofanira kunge akaita seizvi: “Oo, chokwadi! Iye zvino ndazviona!” Mushure mekunge zvese zvaratidzwa, pikicha inoumbwa - zvese zvese zvinosanganiswa kuita mufananidzo une musoro, unofanirwa kuve pachena kwatiri. Tichiburitsa chakavanzika ichi pakatanga kurangana, takaedza kushandisa zvese zvinongedzo uye takatotora vhezheni yekutanga yekuvandudzwa kwezviitiko, asi panguva iyoyo chaiyo munyori akakwevera pfungwa dzedu kukunyepedzera kunonyengera ndokutiendesa munzira isiriyo.
6. Kuvimba. Mune maonero emunyori, ichi ndicho chinonyanya kukosha chekare chekuongorora nyaya, rudzi rwe archetypal seRwendo rweGamba.
Irwendo kubva pakutya kuenda kune chokwadi
Mukutaura kwakafara, nyaya inotanga kana chimwe chinhu chinotyisa chikaitika, chichikonzera nyonganyonga, kusagadzikana, uye kutya sezvo avo vanobatwa vanoedza kufunga kuti voita sei. Ipapo mumwe munhu akakosha anoratidza kutora chigaro chekugadzirisa mhosva, ingave inyanzvi yekuongorora kana kwete.
Maererano naDavid Evans, kubva panguva iyoyo, muongorori wemhosva anosarudza "kutora rwendo." Uye nekuda kweizvi, iye kana ivo vanova vadzidzi vedu: pamwe chete navo, isu pachedu tinoenda rwendo.
Makore mashoma apfuura, nyanzvi dzepfungwa dzakaita basa rinokosha. Vakakarakadza kuti ngano dzinoverengerwa vana dzine tapuro inobetsera paupenyu hwavo hwendangariro. Zvakazoitika kuti ngano dzinobatsira vana kutsungirira kutya uye kushungurudzika uye kunetseka zvishoma pamusoro pazvo.
Tinoda zvakavanzika zvehumhondi nekuti nyaya idzi dzinogara dzichipera mukuregererwa.
Uye nyaya dzekare dzemutikitivha, zvakare, dzinogona kuita se "ngano dzevakuru."
Tiri kurarama munyika yakazara nehondo, mhirizhonga uye njodzi. Asi mabhuku ehutikitivha nemafirimu akatsaurirwa kugadzirisa zvakavanzika nemhondi zvinogona kutipa tariro. Vanotaura nyaya dzinotanga nezviitiko zvinotyisa, asi vozobatanidza kuedza kwevanhu, vazhinji vavo vakagadzirira kutora njodzi nemabasa kuitira kuti vakunde uipi nekuedza kukuru.
Isu tinoda zvakavanzika zvehumhondi nekuti nyaya idzi dzinogara dzichipera murudzikinuro, dzichipa tariro uye nekubatsira kubva pakutya kuenda kuchokwadi.
Nezve Munyori: David Evans murevereri uye munyori wemabhuku enhoroondo yetsika.