Chirwere cheshuga mellitus (DM) ndiyo imwe yemhando dzakajairika uye dzakakomba dzehutachiona hwehutachiona. Inogona kuve yekuzvarwa kana kukura zvishoma nezvishoma. Mumatanho ekutanga, zviratidzo zvinonyanya kutaurwa, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuongorora chirwere. Vanhu vakafutisa vari panjodzi yekuvandudza chirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwechipiri, nekudaro, kurapa kwekudya kuchazova imwe yenzira huru dzekurapwa kwavo, uye kune vakawanda vane hutano hwakanyanya, ichave nzira yakakosha yekudzivirira.
Nheyo Dzakanaka dzeVanoshushikana
Sangano reAmerican Diabetes Association rakanyora huwandu hwenhanho dzechikafu dzakanangana nekuvandudza kusagadzikana kwemetabolism muvarwere, izvo zvinozovandudza hutano uye kunonoka kufambira mberi kwechirwere. Kurapa kwechirwere cheshuga kunoda kuongorora huwandu hweshuga yeropa mukati mezuva rese - inofanirwa kunge iri mukati meyakajairwa renji (calorifier). Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nekugadzirisa kudya kunovaka muviri, asi kana munhu achiramba ari mu hyperglycemia, ipapo insulin kurapwa inoratidzwa kwaari. Yese mibvunzo yekurapa inofanirwa kugadziriswa chete nachiremba aripo uye yeuka kuti kurapwa kwezvinodhaka hakuderedze kukosha kwekudya zvine hutano.
Caloric zvinodyiwa zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa zvichibva pane zvemuviri zvinodiwa (huremu, kureba, zera) uye mararamiro. Pano, sekune vanhu vane hutano, paunenge uchinyanya kushandira iwe, iwo macalorie aunoda. Kunyanya kutariswa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune chiyero chemapuroteni, mafuta uye makabhohaidhiretsi.
Huwandu hwezvikafu, kusanganisira zvidyiwa, zvinofanirwa kuve ka5-6 nguva. Nutritionists vanokurudzira kushandisa zvakapatsanurwa chikafu kudzivirira glycemic mutoro uye spikes mushuga yeropa.
Carbohydrate
Chiyero chemakabohydrate mukudya kwevarwere vane chirwere cheshuga chinofanira kunge chiri muhuwandu hwe40-60%. Sezvo vanhu ava vaine hutachiona hwehydrohydrate metabolism, zvakafanira kuvaka menyu kubva pane makabhohaidhiretsi. Zvinotendwa kuti vanhu vane chirwere cheshuga vanofanirwa kudzivirira chikafu chine shuga uye chikafu chine yakakwira GI, asi vesaenzi vakaona kuti kunyangwe kushandira kukuru kweakanyanya makabhohaidhiretsi kunotungamira mukusvetuka mumazinga eshuga, saka kunwa kwavo kunofanirwa kudzorwa.
Zvakare, vezvekudya vanokurudzira kuti varwere vane chirwere cheshuga chemhando ipi neipi vatarise pane glycemic index pakusarudza zvigadzirwa. Izvo zvakakosha kuti huwandu hwese hwemakabhohaidhiretsi pazuva hunogara huripo pasina chero kukanganisa kwekudya.
Nokuda kweizvi, vadzidzisi vezvokudya vakatanga kushandisa pfungwa ye "bread unit" (XE) - chiyero chakaenzana ne12-15 gramu yemakrohydrates anodyiwa. Izvozvi, kwete 12-15 g yechigadzirwa, asi makhahydrates mairi. Inogona kuva 25 g yechingwa, 5-6 mabhisikiti, 18 g yeoatmeal, 65 g yembatatisi kana 1 yepakati apple. Yakawanikwa kuti 12-15 g yemakhahydrates inowedzera chiyero cheshuga ne 2,8 mmol / l, iyo inoda 2 units. insulin. Nhamba ye "mayuniti echingwa" mukudya kumwe chete inofanira kunge iri pakati pe3 kusvika ku5. Matafura eXE achabatsira kusiyanisa kudya uye kusapfuura huwandu hunodiwa hwemakhahydrates.
mafuta
Huwandu hwezuva nezuva hwemafuta hunofanira kunge huri mukati me50 g. Muchirwere cheshuga mellitus, zvakakosha kudzikamisa mafuta akazara kubva munyama (gwayana, nyama yenguruve, dhadha). Kuti udzivise atherosclerosis, unofanirwawo kuderedza zvokudya zvakakwirira mucholesterol (chiropa, uropi, mwoyo). Pakazara, chikamu chemafuta mukudya kwevarwere vane chirwere cheshuga hachifanirwe kuverengera kupfuura 30% yemacalorie ese. Pakati peizvi, 10% inofanira kuva nemafuta akazara kubva muzvigadzirwa zvemhuka, 10% polyunsaturated uye 10% monounsaturated mafuta.
MaProteins
Huwandu hwezuva nezuva hwehuwandu hwemapuroteni mukudya kwevechirwere cheshuga ndeye 15-20% yekoriori inodyiwa. Mune chirwere cheitsvo, mapuroteni anofanirwa kuve mashoma. Zvimwe zvikamu zvevanhu zvinoda zvimwe mapuroteni chikafu. Ava ndivo vana nevechiri kuyaruka vane chirwere cheshuga, vakadzi vane pamuviri uye vanoyamwisa, vanhu vane matambudziko uye vakaneta mumuviri. Kwavari, izvo zvinodiwa zvinoverengerwa zvichibva pa 1,5-2 g pakirogiramu yehuremu hwemuviri.
Zvimwe zvikamu zvemagetsi
Zvinodikanwa zvezvimwe zvikamu zvekudya zvinotevera:
- Fiber inogadzirisa shuga yeropa, inovandudza kugaya, uye inoderedza kunwa kwecholesterol. Izvo zvinodikanwa zvevanhu vane chirwere cheshuga mune zvekudya fiber zvakakwirira uye zvinosvika kungangoita 40 g / zuva;
- Zvinotapira zvinotsiva shuga uye zvinobatsira kudzivirira spikes muropa glucose. Tsvagiridzo yemazuva ano yakaratidza kuti akawanda-akadzika-macalorie zvinotapira hazvikuvadzi kana zvichidyiwa mukati meyakagadzirirwa dhayeti yemugadziri;
- Munyu unofanirwa kuva pakati pe10-12 g / zuva;
- Zvinodikanwa zvemvura zviri 1,5 litita pazuva;
- Mavhitamini nemaminerari anogona kubhadharwa zvishoma neakaomesesa multivitamin kugadzirira, asi kana uchigadzira chikafu, zvinodikanwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti izvo zvakakosha zvinopihwa chikafu. Mukudya kwechirwere cheshuga, izvi zvinonyanya zinc, mhangura uye manganese, izvo zvinobatanidzwa mukugadzirisa mazinga ehuga.
Kune vanhu vachiri kutadza kutarisa mumapuroteni, mafuta uye makabhohaidhiretsi, zvikamu zvechingwa nezvimwe zvekudya, unogona kutanga nenhamba yezvokurapa nhamba 9. Inotarisa zvinodiwa nevanhu vane chirwere cheshuga mellitus. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, unofanirwa kubvunza chiremba wako uye uchinje kudya kwacho kune zvaunoda zvepanyama (calorizator). Nekufamba kwenguva, iwe unonzwisisa izvo zvekudya uye nekugona kuwedzera zvakachengeteka kudya kwako.