Hove yemasitadhi: chitarisiko, pekugara, kubata hove yemasitadhi

Gorchak hove ndeyemhuri yemhando dzehove dzecyprinid. Sezvo mutemo, inogara mumadziva ane mvura yakadzikama kana madhamu, uko, kunyange zvazvo iripo, asi inononoka ikozvino. Pasi pemamiriro echisikigo, kune anosvika makumi maviri subspecies ehove iyi inofadza, iyo inogona kuva nemuvara unoyevedza. Ichi chinyorwa chichakurukura maitiro nekugara kwehove iyi, pamwe chete nenzira dzekuredza.

Tsanangudzo yehove inovava

Kuonekwa

Ihove iyi inogona kusiyaniswa kubva kune mamwe marudzi ehove nemuviri wepamusoro, wakatsikirirwa padivi, pauri pane zviyero zvakakura. Mukuwedzera, hove inovava inoratidzwa nekuvapo kwemusoro muduku, kwete mukuru (kuenzanisa) maziso uye kusavapo kwemasharubu. Muromo wekuvava hauna kukura uye unowanikwa muzasi memusoro. Muviri wemasitadhi wakafukidzwa nezvikero zvesirivha, pamusoro pazvo, pamwe chete nemuviri, kune mitsetse yakamanikana, ingave yebhuruu kana yegirini. Munguva yekuberekesa, muviri wemasitadhi unotora ruvara rwakati siyanei, rwakajeka rwemavara anopenya. Munguva yehupenyu hwayo, hove iyi inokwanisa kukura kusvika pakukwirira kwemasendimita gumi. Avhareji yevanhu inosvika masendimita manomwe kureba, nehuremu hunosvika magiramu masere. Hupenyu hunotarisirwa hwehove iyi inofadza ndeye makore mashanu. Inofarira kugara mumapoka, uye pedyo nechepasi, ichisarudza nzvimbo dzine kudzika kuduku.

Kudya kwehove iyi kunosanganisira plankton uye algae, izvo zvinofanirwa kunge zviripo munzvimbo dzekugara dzinovava. MuRussia, hove iyi yakawana mamwe mazita akawanda, akadai se "olshanka", "inovava", "pukasik", "malyavka", "gorchanka" kana "bruise". Muchitarisiko, hove yemasitadhi inofanana ne crucian duku, iyo yemasitadhi yainziwo "gorchak crucian".

Habitat

Mhando dzakasiyana dzemasitadhi dzinoda kwadzinogara. Nzvimbo huru yekugara inofungidzirwa kuti ndiyo nzvimbo iyo clams "Unio" kana "Anodonta" inorarama, iyo inobatanidza nehupenyu hwehupenyu hwehove iyi.

Hove dzinovava dzinowanikwa mune dzimwe nyika dzeEurope, dzinoti Seine River, Volga River uye Neva River. Mukuwedzera, inowanikwa mubheseni reGungwa reBaltic neGungwa Dzvuku, uyewo mumadhamu ane chokuita neGungwa reAegean.

MuRussia, kuvapo kwehove iyi kunozivikanwa muRwizi rweNeva nemiganhu yayo. Inogonawo kuwanikwa munharaunda yeVolga, murwizi rwakadai seVolga uye Chapaevka, runoyerera nenharaunda yeSamara. Dzimwe nguva akasangana muGungwa reCaspian.

Amur anovava akajairika muAsia, munyika dzakadai seChina, South Korea, Vietnam neMongolia. Mukuwedzera, inogara mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzemvura dzeAsia chikamu cheRussia. Nzvimbo dzakadaro dzinogona kunzi Amur River, Gungwa reJapan uye Gungwa reOkhotsk, pamwe chete nemabheseni avo. Kumabvazuva kweRussia, Sakhalin, hove iyi inowanikwawo, munzizi dzakadai sePoronai uye Tym.

Hove yeGorchak haisi yekuda kwekutengeserana, kunyange zvazvo huwandu hwehove idzi dzakawanda. Muour country, kutsamwa kunowanikwa kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero, uye muBelarus - muPolissya. Pedyo nechekuchamhembe, iyo inovava haiparadzi, sezvo inofarira mvura inodziya uye nzvimbo dzakananga dzine chokuita nehupenyu hwayo. Pasinei neizvi, shungu dzakasangana munzvimbo dzadzaisafanira kunge dziri.

nzira yekubereka

Sezvambotaurwa, panguva yekuberekesa, inovava inochinja chitarisiko chayo, kana kuti panzvimbo payo ruvara rwayo. Kumashure uye mativi evarume akapendwa mune inopenya yepepuru hue, uye zvimbi zvine pink. Mukono panguva iyi unova unokwezva kuvakadzi.

Madzimai zvakare "anopendera" mupink, asi kwete seyakajeka sevarume. Mukuwedzera, vanogadzira oviduct, inenge 5 centimita kureba. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekusanangura kwekubereka kwehove iyi. Mukuita kubereka, iyi oviduct inoderera muhukuru uye, pakupera kwekubereka, inenge isingaoneki.

Munguva iyi, varume vanoratidza kuwedzera kwekuita, vachidzinga vadzivisi vavo kubva kune vakadzi. Sezvo mutemo, hapana kushayikwa kwevakadzi, saka hutsinye hwavo hunongoratidzira.

Gorchak inogona kutanga kubereka mushure memakore matatu ehupenyu, nehurefu hunenge 3 centimita. Mukadzi anoramba achikura mukati mechirimo uye chirimo, achiisa mugomba reimwe mhando ye mollusk, iyo iyo oviduct inodiwa. Mazai ane oval muchimiro, anenge 4 mm mudhayamita. Imwe hadzi inokwanisa kukandira mazai 3 zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, nepo hadzi dzinoverengeka dzichigona kukandira mazai mumollusk imwe kamwechete. Pane imwe nzvimbo mumavhiki mashoma, fry inovava inooneka, iyo inoshambira kubva mumollusk. Panguva imwecheteyo, ma embryo emollusk anosungirirwa paari, ayo anofamba mukati meimwe dziva. Mune mamwe mazwi, mollusk nehove dzinovava dzinobatsirana mukusimudzira pasi pemvura. Kana mumwe wavo akanyangarika, ipapo mumwe mugari wepasi pemvura achanyangarika shure kwake. Uhwu ndihwo humwe humbowo hwekuti mumasikirwo ese maitiro akabatana.

Fishing

Hove iyi haina kukosha kwekutengeserana nekuda kwekuti idiki muhukuru, uye nyama yayo inovava. Nekuda kwekunaka kwehunhu uku, yakawana zita rayo. Kuvapo kwekuvava munyama yemasitadhi kunobatanidza nealgae iyo hove iyi inodya.

Panyaya iyi, vabati vehove havadzidzire hove yemasitadhi, uye hazvisi nyore kuibata, kunyanya netsvimbo yekuredza. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti hove iyi yakangwarira uye kuti uibate iwe unoda yakakosha giya rine mutsara mutete kuti urege kuzivisa hove. Vanobata hove iyi nemamwe magiya chete kuti vashandise sechirauro mhenyu, kubata hove dzinodya.

Mhando dzemasitadhi

Kusvika kunguva yedu, marudzi anenge makumi maviri ehove iyi inofadza anozivikanwa. Vanonyanya kuzivikanwa ndivo:

• Gorchak zvakajairika, iyo yakajairika mumadziva edzimwe nyika dzeEurope, Belarus, our country neRussia.
• Gorchak Amur, iyo inogara mumadziva ekuFar East.
• Gorchak Laita. Rudzi urwu runogara kunyanya munzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba kweChina. Inogona kusiyaniswa kubva kune vamwe vayo neruvara rweyero, pamwe nekuvapo kweruvara rwebhuruu rwakasviba pedyo negill.
• Gorchak ocellar. Ihove iyi inosiyaniswa negolden hue uye inowanikwa mumadhamu eSouth Korea, Vietnam neChina.

Maitiro

Sezvo mutemo, hove duku iyi inofarira mvura yakadzikama kana kuti inononoka. Vanonyanya kurarama mararamiro ekudirana, vachirasika mumapoka evanhu 60 kana kupfuura. Mumapoka akadaro, sekutonga, pane nguva dzose vakadzi vakawanda kupfuura varume, asi panguva yekubereka, mapoka aya anogona kusanganiswa, izvo zvinotungamirira kukuenzanisa muhuwandu hwevakadzi nevarume.

Gorchak ihove yeherbivore, saka inofarira kuva pazasi pegomba, panokura algae dzakasiyana-siyana. Kunze kwekuti hove iyi inodya maalgae aya, inoashandisa sedziviriro pavavengi. Hove yacho inonyara uye yakangwarira, izvo zvinokanganisa maitiro ayo. Kana ikarwiswa nechikara, inogona kutanga kumhanya zvakanyanya, uku ichinzvenga mazino echikara noungwaru.

Kubata mustard

Kubata hove iyi kunogona kunakidza uye kusava nehanya, izvo zvinoda kutsungirira, kushivirira uye unyanzvi kubva kune angler. Anobaya nyore nyore chingwa cheblack rye. Panguva imwecheteyo, haamedzi muromo, asi anoidya zvishoma nezvishoma. Nokudaro, kuti uibate, zviri nani kushandisa zvikorekedzo zviduku zvinogona kuvanzika sechirauro.

Sekubatanidza hoko, unogona kushandisa chibage chidiki, anise mukanyiwa, bhari, magot, pamwe nezvidimbu zvehonye. Uye zvakadaro, kuvava kunoda nozzles yemiti yakabva.

Nzvimbo dzinonyanya kuvimbiswa yekuibata inzvimbo dzinenge dzisina ikozvino kana kuseri kwemvura, uko kuvepo kwezvinomera zvemumvura zvinocherechedzwa. Munzvimbo dzakadaro, mustard inovanda mumapoka akawanda. Kunyange zvazvo kuvava kuchionekwa sehove yepasi, anosarudza nzvimbo dzisina kudzika apo pane chimwe chinhu chokubatsira. Sezvo mutemo, pakudzika kwakadzika zvakaoma kune anovava kuti azviwanire zvokudya.

Iyo inovava inobatwa pane yakajairika tsvimbo inoyangarara ine tambo yakatetepa uye inonyungudika zvakanyanya. Munzvimbo dzinobatwa roach kana rima, kuvava kunobvirawo. Kutaura zvazviri, izvi hazviwanzoitiki, sezvo kuvava kusingagoni kurwisa dzvinyiriro yeroach.

Nzira yekugadzira zvinovava

Hove iyi inonaka inovava. Kana hove imwe chete ikapinda munzeve, zvino ichaparadza ndiro. Pasinei nekuravira kunorwadza, kuvava kunovava hakuonekwi sehupfu uye kunogona kudyiwa kana ukashandisa imwe yemabikirwo. MuChina, vanosarudza kudya hove iyi mufomu yakakangwa, vachinyatsoibvisa uye kunyatsoisuka. PaInternet, unogona kuwana imwe nzira inofadza zvikuru iyo ichakubatsira kunyatsogadzirira masitadhi.

Avo vanogadzirira gourd inovava vanokurudzira kunyatsobvisa mukati mayo, mushure mezvo inofanira kushambidzwa zvakakwana. Mukuwedzera, zviyero zvose zvinofanira kubviswa. Mushure maizvozvi, hove yakakangwa mune inopisa inopisa pani kune iyo nyika yechips. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, zviri nani kuzora pani nemafuta. Nekuda kweizvozvo, machipisi ehove anowanikwa pasina kuvepo kwekuvava.

Gorchak, pasinei nekuonekwa kwayo kunoyevedza, haisi yekufarira kune varedzi, nekuda kwekuravira kwayo, uye hove pachayo iduku kwazvo: zviri nani kubata nemaune, iyo inogona kuva yakakura kana ichienzaniswa nemasitadhi. Kunyange zvazvo, kana yakabikwa zvakanaka, inogona kudyiwa.

Panyaya iyi, varedzi vakawanda havadzidzisi kubata hove idzi. Pamusoro pezvo, hazvisi nyore kuibata nekuti ihove yakangwarira uye inonyara. Kana yakabatwa pachiredzo, zviri nani kushandisa mustard sechirauro kubata hove dzinodya.

Hazvina musoro kushandisa tackle yakatetepa kumubata, sezvo kune zvakare imwe, hombe hove mudziva, iyo inogona kugura nyore mutsara mutete. Vamwe vanobata hove vanobata mustard ne "spider" kuitira kuti vashandise gare gare sechirauro mhenyu. Kubata hove ne "spider" ine maitiro ayo ane chokuita nekugadzirwa kwegiya. Pamwe chete nemasitadhi, imwe hove diki inogonawo kuuya, iyo inoshandiswawo seredzo mhenyu. Vamwe varedzi vanoenda kunoraura ne“dandemutande” kuti vazvipe chirauro mhenyu.