Homoparentality: kurerwa, kubatsirwa kubereka, kuberekesa mumwe munhu… Zvinotaurwa nemutemo

Zvinoenderana nenhamba dzakapihwa neSangano reGay neLesbian Parents uye Future Parents (APGL) muna 2018, kune mazana maviri kusvika mazana evana vakarerwa neanongoita ngochani mubereki muFrance. Nepo zhinji dzemhuri dzengochani idzi dzichigara nadzo mwana kubva kumubatanidzwa wekare, vamwe vanoronga kurera kana kutanga mhuri vachishandisa rubatsiro rwekubereka (ART) kana kuti surrogacy (Surrogacy).

Musi waGunyana 25, 2018, Ifop yakaburitsa zvakabuda muongororo yekuongorora chishuwo chevana veLGBT (lesbian-gay-bisexual-transexual) vanhu, yakaitirwa Association of Homoparental Families (ADFP). Yakaitwa pakati pe994 ngochani, bisexual kana transexual vanhu, ongororo yakaratidza kuti muFrance, 52% ye LGBT vanhu vanoti vanoda kuita vana muhupenyu hwavo hwose. Kuti vaite izvi, varume nevakadzi vakaroorana vari kufunga nezvese kurerwa uye kushandisa rubatsiro rwekubereka kana kuberekwa, mitemo yekuwana iyo yakagadziridzwa nemutemo webioethics, wakagamuchirwa neNational Assembly musi waJune 29. 2021. Ndiani anokwanisa kuwana nzira idzi kutanga mhuri? Maitiro aya anoturikira sei maererano neubereki uye mamiriro epamutemo evabereki vanengochani? Mhinduro dzedu dzakadzama.

Kurerwa kwevaviri vakaroorana: zvinonyengera pakuita

Zvinoenderana nechinyorwa 346 cheFrench Civil Code, "hapana anogona kutorwa nevanhu vanopfuura mumwechete, kunze kwevakaroorana vaviri”. Kubva pakavhurwa muchato wehurumende kune varume nevakadzi, mutemo wakagamuchirwa uye wakaburitswa mu Official Journal musi waMay 18, 2013, varume nevakadzi vakaroorana saka vane kodzero yekubvuma kurerwa nevabereki vasiri vavo.

Pamberi pechinjo, kana kuti mukusaroora, kwakanga kuchibvira kuti ivo vatore somunhu asina kuroora, asi kwete savaroorani vanozivikanwa savakadaro.

Mwana akarerwa nevakomana nevasikana vakaroorana saka zviri pamutemo vanababa vaviri kana vanaamai vaviri, vane mubereki akasimbiswa zvakajeka, uye vakagoverana chiremera chavabereki.

Zvinosuruvarisa, chaizvoizvo, zvinoramba zvakaoma kune vakaroorana vepabonde imwe chete kutora mwana, kana chete nekuda kwekuramba kwenyika dzakawanda kuvabvumira kutora.

Kana murume nemukadzi vasina kuroora kana kuroorwa, mumwe wevaviri ava anogona kunyorera kurerwa semunhu asina kuroora. Iye anozove iye ega anozivikanwa semubereki wekurera uye saka muridzi wechiremera chevabereki. Kana varoorana, mukwanyina anozokwanisa kunyorera kuti atore mwana wemumwe wake.

Ziva kuti 'wanano yevose' haina kudzima chokwadi chemuzvarirwo: kana mwana achinge atova nehukama hwaamai kana hwababa, hapana imwe nzira yekuzvara kana baba inogona kusimbiswa kunze kwekunge yatorwa.

Mukutaura kwemutemo, kune marudzi maviri ekugamuchirwa:

• kugamuchirwa kwakakwana, iyo inopa kumwana filiation inotsiva filiation yake yepakutanga, biological filiation yake;
• l'adoption iri nyore, iyo isingadzime vabereki vokubereka vemwana.

Homoparentality uye kubatsira kubereka: kufambira mberi mumutemo webioethics waJune 2021

La PMA kune vese, Izvi zvinoreva kuti hazvisisiri chete zvakangochengeterwa vakadzi vanoita zvepabonde asi zvakatambanudzirwa kuvakadzi vasina murume kana muhukama nemukadzi, yaive vimbiso yemushandirapamwe nemumiriri Macron, uye yakagamuchirwa neChipiri, Chikumi 29, 2021 kuNational Assembly. Mushure memwedzi makumi maviri nemiviri yekukurukurirana, vakadzi vasina varume nevakadzi vakaroorana saka kuwana rubatsiro rwekubereka.

PMA ichadzoserwa neSocial Security kuvakadzi vasina murume uye vakaroora vakadzi nenzira imwecheteyo sevanhu vakaroorana uye zera rimwechete rinofanirwa kushandiswa. Iyo chaiyo filiation michina yevakadzi vasina murume yakaiswa panzvimbo: ndeye kuzivikanwa kwekutanga kwekubatana, iyo inofanira kuitwa pamberi pegweta panguva imwe chete semvumo kumupiro unodiwa kune vose vakaroorana.

Asi muchokwadi, vakadzi ngochani vanozowedzerwa kune vakamirira runyorwa, vanofungidzirwa muna 2021 patova neanopfuura gore kuti vawane mupiro wemagametes, uye nokudaro vachaenderera mberi. vachishandisa rubatsiro rwekubereka kune dzimwe nyika, kunyanya munyika dzakavakidzana (Spain, Belgium, etc.). Kana imwe yenhengo mbiri dzevaviri ava yave nepamuviri nekuda kwekupa urume uye nekubatsira kubereka kunze kwenyika, amai vadiki vanogona. kubvuma kurerwa mwana nemukadzi wake, zvinobvira sezvo mwana ane mubereki mumwe bedzi wapamutemo. Mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro akatoitika kakawanda muFrance uye haaonekwi sehunyengeri hunopesana nemutemo uye chipingamupinyi chekugamuchirwa mukati memurume nemudzimai.

Saka vakaroorana vanoda kutanga mhuri kuburikidza neWFP vanoita zvavo chirongwa chevabereki mumatanho maviri, yakabatsira kubereka pakutanga, kugamuchirwa kwemwana wevakaroorana pashure pacho.

Homoparentality uye surrogacy: mamiriro achiri akaoma kunzwisisa

Surrogacy (Surrogacy), kureva kushandiswa kwaamai vanobereka, kunoramba kwakarambidzwa muFrance, kune vese vakaroorana. Saka varume nevakadzi vane mukadzi mumwe chete vanoshandisa surrogacy kunze kwenyika vanorambidzwa.

Kana vari ngochani, murume/mukadzi chete anenge ari mubereki wemwana (kureva uyo akapa urume hwake kuti in vitro fertilization) ndiye anozivikanwa semubereki wemwana uye wepamutemo.

ziva kuti Dare reEuropean Court of Human Rights rakashora France muna 2014 yekuramba chikumbiro chekunyora magwaro ekuzvarwa kwevacheche vakabatwa neGPA kunze kwenyika. Anofunga kuti kuramba uku kunokanganisa kodzero dzemwana, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti France iongorore mamiriro acho ezvinhu.

Musiyano pakati pemubereki wemutemo nemubereki wemagariro

Maererano nemutemo weFrance, chete vabereki vokubereka kana vokurera vanozivikanwa sevabereki vepamutemo vemwana. Tinosiyanisa saizvozvo mubereki wepamutemo, kureva uyo ane biological kana adoptive link nemwana, uye kushamwaridzana kwevabereki, kana mubereki anoda, iyo isina chimiro chepamutemo chinotarisana nemwana.

Muvaviri vechikadzi, mubereki wekugarisana ndiye mukwanyina asina kubereka mwana pachiitiko cheART uye haana kuenderera mberi nemaitiro chaiwo ekuita.

Mumurume nemukadzi vakave ne surrogacy, mubereki wekugarisana ndiye mukwanyina asiri baba vekubereka vemwana.

Kunyange kana akabatanidzwa zvizere mubasa revabereki, theiye mubereki wemagariro haana pamutemo mumaziso emutemo. Haana kodzero kana basa pamwana uye haana simba revabereki. Vacuum yepamutemo inogona kuunza dambudziko kana mubereki wepamutemo afa, kana kunyangwe kupatsanurwa kwevaviri vebonde rimwe chete. Mubereki anogarisana nevamwe haazosiyi chero chinhu kumwana uyu kana afa, sezvo asingazivikanwe zviri pamutemo semubereki wake.

Zuva nezuva, uyu mubereki wemagariro anosanganawo nezvipingamupinyi zvakanyanya, senge zvekutadza kuita maitiro ekutonga kumwana (kunyoresa kukireshi, kuchikoro, nzira dzekurapa, nezvimwewo).