July howa

Kana mafungu ekutanga kwechitubu howa anodzika, nguva pfupi yekudzikama inogadzika mumasango eMoscow Region. Asi kare munaJuly, howa dzakadai se boletus, boletus, boletus, mossiness howa uye mbudzi, russula, valui, lactic uye rubella inotanga kuonekwa munharaunda yeMoscow. Zvisikwa zvisingadyike zvinogonawo kuwanikwa mumasango: howa howa, anoyangarara uye akacheneruka grebes.

Pakati pezhizha inguva yekunhuhwirira uye maruva ezvisikwa zvose. Kunyangwe mwedzi waChikunguru usiri wepamusoro we "kuvhima kwakanyarara", asi mumwedzi uno iwe unogona kuita bvunzo yekutanga kupinda musango.

Nezve izvo howa dzinokura muna Chikunguru, uye kuti dzinotaridzika sei, inotsanangurwa zvakadzama pane ino peji.

Howa kubva kurudzi Borovik

Boletus musikana, kana appendage (Boletus appendiculatus).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: howa idzi dzinokura musango muna Chikunguru mumwe chete uye mumapoka mukudyara kwakasanganiswa nebeech, oak, hornbeam, uye zvakare pakati pefirs.

Mwaka: kubva munaJune kusvika munaGunyana.

Chivharo chine 5-20 cm muhupamhi, muhowa hudiki hune convex, cushion-shaped, uye convex. Chinhu chakasiyana chezvipenyu ndeyeganda, pakutanga velvety, gare gare kunyange ngowani yero-brown, brown-brown color. Ganda haribviswi. Iyo kapi ine matte mumamiriro ekunze akaoma uye inotsvedza mukunyorova kwekunze.

Gumbo 5-15 cm kureba, 1-3 cm gobvu, lemon-yero, reticulate, dzimwe nguva brownish pazasi. Nheyo yehunde kazhinji ine conical narrowing.

Iyo pulp ndeyero, ine nyama, yakaomeswa, ine kunakidza kunonaka, isina kunhuhwirira, inoshanduka bhuruu pakucheka, nekunakirwa kunofadza uye kunhuwa.

Iyo hymenophore ndeyemahara, isina kuvharwa, ine tubules 1-2,5 cm kureba, iyo yekutanga lemon-yero, yegoridhe-yero, gare gare yero-brown. Kana akadzvanywa, machubhu anova bhuruu-girini. Huchi colored spore powder.

Kusiyana: ruvara rwecap inosiyana kubva kune yegoridhe tsvuku kusvika kune yero-brown.

Hakuna mapatya ane chepfu. Chimiro chechivharo uye ruvara rwechidzitiro chakafanana neinodyiwa porcini mushroom, kana royal boletus (Boletus regius), iyo inosiyana muhutu hwakaoma uye ruvara rwevhavha ine mumvuri wetsvuku.

Kubika nzira. Howa dzakaomeswa, dzakabikwa, dzakaiswa mumakani, soups dzakagadzirirwa.

Zvinodyiwa, 1st chikamu.

 

Boletus boletus (Boletus pascuus).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: mumaglades, mafuro akapfuma mune organic zvinhu, pedyo nemasango akasanganiswa.

Mwaka: kubva munaJune kusvika munaGunyana.

Chivharo chine 3-10 cm muhupamhi, pakutanga hemispherical, gare gare cushion-shaped uye convex. Chinhu chakasiyana-siyana chezvipenyu ndeyefissured uye yakasvibiswa yero-tsvuku, burgundy-tsvuku, yellow-brown cap, velvety pakutanga, gare gare yakatsetseka. Ganda haribviswi.

Gumbo 3-8 cm kureba, 7-20 mm gobvu, cylindrical. Ruvara rwemakumbo nderweyero kumusoro, dzvuku pazasi.

Nyama yakaoma, yakacheneruka pakutanga, gare gare chiedza chero, chinoshanduka bhuruu pakucheka, kuravira uye kunhuwa kunofadza.

Iyo tubular layer ndeyemahara, pakutanga yero, gare gare girinhi-yero, kana ikadzvanywa inowana bluish tint. Spores ane olive brown.

Kusiyana: ruvara rwechivharo runosiyana kubva kune dzvuku-ruvara kusvika kune brown-brown.

Mhando dzakafanana. Iyo boletus boletus yakafanana nevariegated flywheel (Boletus chrysenteron), iyo inosiyaniswa nemuvara wakafanana wecap.

Nzira dzekubika: pickling, salting, frying, soups, kuomesa.

Zvinodyiwa, 2th chikamu.

 

Белый гриб – это гриб из рода Боровик. У российских грибников особое отношение к белым грибам. Встреча с ними завораживает и поднимает настроение. Появляется желание их фотографировать и скать еще и еще. В последнее время все чаще фотографируют найденные белые на сотовый телефон. Эти замечательные грибы не только красивые, но полезные и лечебные.

White mushroom, spruce fomu (Boletus edulis, f. edulis).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: imwe uye mumapoka mu coniferous uye yakasanganiswa nemasango espruce.

Mwaka: kubva pakutanga kwaJuly kusvika pakati paOctober.

Chivharo chine 4-16 cm muhupamhi, muhowa hudiki hune convex, cushion-shaped, uye inopfava, yakatsetseka kana yakakwinyana zvishoma. Mumamiriro okunze emvura, chivharo chinotsvedza, mumamiriro okunze akaoma chinopenya. Chinhu chakasiyana-siyana chemhando ndeyemuvara wechivharo - tsvuku-tsvuku kana chestnut-brown, pamwe nekuvapo kwenzvimbo dzine chiedza uye nzvimbo dzakasviba. Mucheto wechivharo wakaenzana, muhowa maduku inotungirwa zvishoma. Chivharo chakakora uye chine nyama.

Gumbo rakareba, rakajeka rine mesh pattern, 6-20 cm kureba, 2-5 cm gobvu, rakatambanudzwa kana rakaita sekirabhu muchikamu chezasi, chine mavara akanyanya kumusoro, chena pazasi.

Pulp. Chechipiri chakasiyana chemhando yemhando ndeye dense pulp, chena, iyo isingachinji ruvara panguva yekuzorora. Iko hakuna kuravira, asi ine kunhuhwirira kwakanaka kwehowa.

Iyo hymenophore yakasununguka, isingatarisirwi, ine tubules 1-2,5 cm kureba, chena, uye yero, ine maduku maduku akakomberedzwa etubules.

Kusiyana: ruvara rwechivharo runosiyana kubva kune chestnut brown kusvika kune chiedza chechestnut uye yakasvibirira yakasvibirira, tsinde iri muchikamu chepamusoro rinogona kuva nemuvara kubva kune tsvuku kusvika kune tsvuku.

Hakuna mapatya ane chepfu. Saizi uye ruvara rwekepisi zvakafanana neinedible bile howa (Tylopilus felleus), umo nyama ine pink tinge uye scalding kuravira.

Zvinodyiwa, 1th chikamu.

White howa (yakajairika) (Boletus edulis).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: mumwe uye mumapoka mumasango akasanganiswa uye coniferous, mapaki emasango.

Mwaka: kubva munaJune kusvika pakati paOctober.

Iyo cap ndeye 5-25 masendimita muhupamhi, muhowa hudiki huri hemispherical, yobva yaita convex uye yozoti flatter, yakatsetseka ine mipendero yakapetwa. Ganda racho rine velvety-wrinkled, rinopenya uye rakanamira zvishoma mumamiriro ekunze emvura. Muvara weheti - yakasviba, yakatsvuka, tsvuku yezvidhina. Ganda haribviswi. Mucheto wechivharo wakaenzana, muhowa maduku inotungirwa zvishoma. Chivharo chakakora uye chine nyama.

Gumbo ihombe, gobvu, cylindrical, dzimwe nguva gobvu pazasi kana kunyange chubhu, yepakati nehombe kureba, chiedza chine yakasviba chiedza chebrown mesh pateni muchikamu chepamusoro, uye chakatsetseka uye chakareruka muchikamu chepasi. Howa kureba 6-20 cm, ukobvu 2-5 cm.

Nyama yakasimba, yakachena mumuenzaniso wechidiki uye spongy. Inobva yachinja ruvara kuita yellowish-greenish. Iyo haina kuravira, asi ine kunhuhwirira kwakanaka kwehowa.

Iyo tubules yakamanikana uye yakareba, isingabatanidzi kune hunde uye inoparadzaniswa nyore nyore kubva pachivharo.

Kusiyana: ruvara rwecap inosiyana kubva kune chena kusvika kune yakasviba uye kunyange greyish. Dzinde riri kumusoro rinogona kuita yero kusvika kuruvara rwebrown.

Hakuna mapatya ane chepfu. Zvakafanana nehowa husingadyiki hwebile (Tylopilus felleus), umo munyama une ruvara rwepingi, kunhuwa kusingafadzi uye kuravira kwakanyanya.

Kubika nzira: kuomesa, pickling, canning, soups.

Zvinodyiwa, 1th chikamu.

White howa, mesh fomu (Boletus edulis, f. reticulates).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: mumwe uye mumapoka mumasango emuoki nehornbeam.

Mwaka: kubva munaJune kusvika pakati paOctober.

Chivharo chakaita 4-15 cm muhupamhi, muhowa hudiki hune convex, mutsara-wakafanana, uye unopfava, wakatsvedzerera kana kuunyana zvishoma. Mumamiriro okunze emvura, chivharo chinotsvedza, mumamiriro okunze akaoma chinopenya. Muvara wevhavha ndeyezvidhinha zvitsvuku, zvakasviba, zvitsvuku kana zvitsvuku. Ganda haribviswi. Mucheto wechivharo wakaenzana, muhowa maduku inotungirwa zvishoma. Chivharo chakakora uye chine nyama.

Gumbo. Chinhu chakasiyana chezvipenyu chinonzi mesh pagumbo. A light cream mesh yakamisikidzwa pane yakatsvuka kana brown kumashure. Gumbo rehurefu huri pakati nepakati, 5-13 cm kureba, 1,5-4 cm mukobvu, wakapamhidzirwa kana kirabhu-akaumbwa muchikamu chezasi, ane mavara akanyanya kumusoro.

Iyo pulp ine dense, chena, haina ruvara pakuzorora. Iyo haina kuravira, asi ine kunhuhwirira kwakanaka kwehowa.

Iyo hymenophore yakasununguka, isingatarisirwi, ine tubules 1-2,5 cm kureba, chena, uye yero, ine maduku maduku akakomberedzwa etubules.

Kusiyana: ruvara rwechivharo runosiyana kubva kune yakasviba uye yakasviba kusvika kune yakatsvuka, uye ruvara rwechidzitiro rwakafanana.

Hakuna mapatya ane chepfu. Saizi uye ruvara rwekepisi zvakafanana neinedible bile howa (Tylopilus felleus), umo nyama ine pink tint uye inovava.

Zvinodyiwa, 1th chikamu.

White fungus mhangura (Boletus aereus).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: mumasango ane deciduous uye akasanganiswa.

Mwaka: kubva pakutanga July kusvika October.

Chivharo chakaita 4-10 cm muhupamhi, muhowa hudiki huri convex, cushion-shaped, uye inopfava, yakatsetseka kana yakakwinyana zvishoma. Mumamiriro okunze emvura, chivharo chinotsvedza, mumamiriro okunze akaoma chinopenya. Chinhu chakasiyana kubva kune mamwe machena mushroom ndiwo ruvara rwechivharo - brownish kana rima. Mucheto wechivharo wakaenzana, muhowa maduku inotungirwa zvishoma. Chivharo chakakora uye chine nyama.

Gumbo rakareba, rakareruka rine mesh rakapfava patani, 6-20 cm kureba, 2,5-4 cm gobvu, rakawedzerwa kana kirabhu-yakaumbwa muchikamu chezasi. Gumbo racho rakafukidzwa nemavara matsvuku.

Iyo pulp ine dense, chena kana chiedza yero muhowa hudiki, yero muhowa hwakura. Kana wadzvanywa, ruvara harushanduke. Iyo haina kuravira, asi ine kunhuhwirira kwakanaka kwehowa.

Iyo hymenophore yakasununguka, isingatarisirwi, ine tubules 1-2,5 cm kureba, chena, uye yero, ine maduku maduku akakomberedzwa etubules.

Kusiyana: ruvara rwechivharo runosiyana kubva kune tsvuku tsvuku kusvika kune yakasviba uye yakasvibirira yakasvibirira, tsinde iri muchikamu chepamusoro inogona kuva nemuvara kubva kune tsvuku kusvika kune tsvuku.

Hakuna mapatya ane chepfu. Saizi uye ruvara rwekepisi zvakafanana neinedible bile howa (Tylopilus felleus), umo nyama ine pink tint uye inovava.

Zvinodyiwa, 1th chikamu.

 

Mishonga yemishonga ye porcini howa

• Izvo zvine zvakawanda kupfuura humwe howa, vhitamini A (mune carotene), B1, C uye kunyanya D.
• Porcini howa ine yakanyanya kukwana seti yeamino acids - 22.
• Inoshandiswa kurapa maronda, mamota ane aqueous solution.
• Iyo inoshandiswa kune frostbite: iyo howa yakaomeswa (yakaoma), inobvisa inogadzirwa uye nzvimbo dzechando dzemuviri dzinorapwa.
• Yakaomeswa porcini howa inochengetedza zvese zvakanakisa zvekuporesa zvivakwa uye inovimbika kudzivirira pakatarisana nekuitika kwegomarara.
• Kuvandudza metabolism.
• Vane simba rinosimbisa muviri pavanenge vachitora mushroom poda 1 teaspoon pazuva.
• Deredza BP.
• Mune porcini mushroom, iyo alkaloid hercedin yakawanikwa, iyo inotorwa kune angina pectoris, apo kudzivirirwa kunowedzera, kurwadziwa kwemoyo kunoderera.
• Howa huchena hune mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inouraya Escherichia coli neutachiona hwaKoch hunokonzera manyoka. Vanoita tincture kuti vabvise zvirwere zvemukati.
• Semubatsiri, inoshandiswa kurapa tibhii.
• Kushandiswa kwakarongeka kunobatsira kubvisa zvirwere zvepamuviri.
• Izvo zvine huwandu hwakawedzerwa hwe riboflavin, chinhu chinokonzera hutano uye kukura kwezvipikiri, bvudzi, ganda uye hutano hwese. Riboflavin inonyanya kukosha pakuchengetedza zvakajairika thyroid basa.
• Mushonga wekuora mwoyo.
• Yakagara ichitendwa kuti kutora machena mushroom kunoderedza misoro uye kunoporesa mwoyo.

Underbird

Количество подберезовиков в июле резко возрастает. Теперь они появляются повсеместно: в болотистых местах, рядом с тропинками, на полянках, под деревьями. Преимущество отдается смешанным лесам с березами и елями.

Boletus (birch) marsh (Leccinum holopus).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: pamwe chete uye mumapoka mune sphagnum bogs uye mumasango akanyorova akasanganiswa ane mabirches, pedyo nemvura.

Mwaka: kubva munaJuly kusvika pakupera kwaSeptember.

Iyo kapu ine dhayamita 3-10 cm, uye mune dzimwe nguva inosvika masendimita gumi nematanhatu, muhowa hudiki hune convex, cushion-shaped, uye inopfava, yakatsetseka kana yakaunyana zvishoma. Chinhu chakasiyana-siyana chemhando ndeyemuvara wechivharo - whitish-cream, grayish-bluish, grayish-greenish.

Dzinde itete uye rakareba, jena kana kuti pfumbu, riine makwande machena anotsvukira kana aoma. Kureba 5-15 cm, ukobvu 1-3 cm.

Nyama yakapfava, yakachena, yakasvibira zvishoma, iine mvura, bluish-yakasvibira pazasi pedzinde. Nyama haichinji ruvara kana ichichekwa.

Tubular layer 1,5-3 cm gobvu, chena mune diki mienzaniso uye yakasviba yakasviba gare gare, ine yakatenderedzwa-angular chubhu pores.

Kusiyana: ruvara rwechivharo runosiyana kubva kune chena uye chiedza cream kusvika kune bluish-greenish. Tubules uye pores chena kuti shava. Gumbo jena rinosviba nezera, richiva rakafukidzwa nezvikero zvebrown.

Hakuna mapatya ane chepfu. Saizi uye chimiro checap yakafanana neisingadyike bile howa (Tylopilus felleus), umo nyama ine pink tinge uye scalding kuravira.

Zvinodyiwa, 2th chikamu.

 

Marsh boletus, oxidizing fomu (Leccinum oxydabile).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: pamwe chete uye mumapoka mune sphagnum bogs uye mumasango akanyorova akasanganiswa ane mabirches, pedyo nemvura.

Mwaka: kubva munaJuly kusvika pakupera kwaSeptember.

Iyo kapu ine 3-8 cm muhupamhi, uye mune dzimwe nguva inosvika masendimita gumi, muhowa hudiki hune convex, cushion-shaped, uye inopfava, yakatsetseka kana yakaunyana zvishoma. Chinhu chakasiyana chemhando yerudzi rwechivharo - whitish-cream ine yellowish spots.

Gumbo itete uye rakareba, jena kana chena-kirimu, rakafukidzwa negrey-kirimu zviyero, izvo zvinova grey-brown kana yakaoma. Kureba 5-15 cm, dzimwe nguva kunosvika 18 cm, ukobvu 1-2,5 cm. Chechipiri chinosiyanisa chimiro chezvipenyu ndiko kukwanisa kukurumidza oxidize, iyo inoratidzwa nekuonekwa kwepinkish mavara kana yakabatwa.

Iyo pulp yakapfava, chena, dense, ine kakunhuhwirira howa, inokurumidza kushanduka pink panguva yekuzorora. Iyo hymenophore ine chena, inova grey nekufamba kwenguva.

Iyo tubular layer 1,2-2,5 cm gobvu ichena mune diki mienzaniso uye yakasviba greyish gare gare, ine yakatenderedzwa-angular pores yetubules.

Kusiyana-siyana: Ruvara rwecap inosiyana kubva kuchena uye yakareruka kirimu kusvika kune pink cream. Tubules uye pores - kubva kuchena kusvika kune grey. Gumbo jena rinosviba nezera, richiva rakafukidzwa nemakero ebrownish-grey.

Iko hakuna mapatya ane chepfu, asi kubva kure, nemuvara wechivharo, iyi boletus inogona kuvhiringidzika neinouraya ine chepfu chena fomu yepale grebe (Amanita phalloides), iyo, pakunyatsoongorora, inosiyaniswa zvakanyanya nekuvapo kwe. mhete pahunde uye Volvo pazasi.

Zvinodyiwa, 2th chikamu.

 

Boletus, inoumba hornbeam (Leccinum carpini).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: mumwe uye mumapoka mumasango ane miti mitema.

Mwaka: kubva munaJuly kusvika pakupera kwaSeptember.

Iyo cap ine nyama, 3-8 cm muhupamhi, uye mune dzimwe nguva kusvika 12 cm. Chimiro chechivharo chine hemispherical, ichiva shoma nezera. Chinhu chakasiyana chezvipenyu ndeye granular pamusoro pecap uye grey-brown ruvara. Muzvienzaniso zviduku, mupendero wechivharo wakakotama; mumienzaniso yakakura, inotwasuka.

Gumbo racho rakatetepa uye rakareba, rakapfava, cylindrical, rakafukidzwa nezvikero zvitema, rakamanikana muchikamu chepamusoro.

Nyama panguva yekuzorora inotanga kupendwa nepinkish-violet, yozoti grey uye gare gare mune dema dema.

Tubular layer inosvika 2,5 cm gobvu ine maburi machena akanyanya kunaka.

Kusiyana: ruvara rwechivharo runosiyana kubva kune grey-brown kusvika kune ash-grey, ocher uye kunyange chena. Sezvo fungus inokura, ganda revhavha rinogona kupera, richiisa pachena tubules yakapoteredza. Mapores uye tubules zvakachena pakutanga, ipapo grey. Zviyero padzinde zvakachena pakutanga, kozoita yero, uye pakupedzisira dema-brown.

Hakuna mapatya ane chepfu. Howa hweBile (Tylopilus felleus) hwakati fananei, umo munyama une ruvara rutsvuku, une hwema husingafadzi uye kuravira kwakanyanya.

Kubika nzira: kuomesa, marinating, canning, frying. Inokurudzirwa kubvisa gumbo risati rashandiswa, uye muhowa yekare - ganda.

Zvinodyiwa, 2th chikamu.

 

Brown boletus (Leccinum brunneum).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: birch, coniferous uye masango akasanganiswa.

Mwaka: kubva munaJune kusvika munaOctober.

Iyo cap ine nyama, 5-14 cm muhupamhi, uye mune dzimwe nguva kusvika 16 cm. Chimiro chechivharo chine hemispherical ine mvere shoma, nezera inova shoma. Chinhu chakasiyana chemhando iyi heti yebrown ine tsvuku tsvuku ine nzvimbo inopenya. Iyo yepasi pepamusoro yakatsetseka porous, iyo pores ine cream-grey, yero-grey.

Gumbo rine grey-cream muvara, rakafukidzwa pamwe chete nehurefu hwose nemakero madema, mumifananidzo yakakura kune rima.

Nyama yakakora yakachena, pakuchekwa inoita grey-black.

Tubular layer inosvika 2,5 cm gobvu ine maburi machena akanyanya kunaka.

Kusiyana-siyana: Rudzi rwekepisi runosiyana kubva kune brown kusvika kune brown-brown. Sezvo howa huchikura, ganda rekepisi rinogona kubva kubva kunamira uye kupenya kuenda kuoma uye matte. Mapores uye tubules zvakachena pakutanga, ipapo yero-grey. Zviyero padzinde zvine grey pakutanga, zvozoti zvitema.

Hakuna mapatya ane chepfu. Howa hweBile (Tylopilus felleus) hwakati fanane nehowa uhwu hweboletus, umo munyama une pink tinge uye hune hwema husingafadzi uye kuravira kwakanyanya.

Kubika nzira: kuomesa, marinating, canning, frying. Inokurudzirwa kubvisa gumbo risati rashandiswa, uye muhowa yekare - ganda.

Zvinodyiwa, 2th chikamu.

Orange-cap boletus

Boletus uye boletus hazvina kusiyana muzita muchiLatin (Leccinum). Izvi hazvisi netsaona, sezvo zvinhu zvehowa izvi zviri pedyo. Kuravira kweboletus yakakangwa kunotapira zvishoma. Mukuwedzera, yakabikwa boletus inenge inogara ichisviba, uye boletus inosviba zvishoma. Pakati pevanoda zvisikwa zvedu, howa hweaspen hunokosheswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekunaka kwavo uye kuravira.

Mishonga yekurapa:

• Полный набор аминокислот.
• Minyu yakawanda yesimbi, phosphorus uye potassium.
• Yakapfuma muvhitamini A, B, B1, PP.
• Aspen howa anonatsa ropa uye kuderedza cholesterol. Kana iwe ukatora 1 teaspoon ye boletus powder zuva nezuva kwemwedzi, ipapo ropa rinovandudza.

Orange-yellow boletus (Leccinum testaceoscabrum)

Nzvimbo dzekugara: masango ane deciduous, akavhenganiswa uye pine, anokura ari oga uye mumapoka.

Mwaka: June - kutanga kwaOctober.

Iyo ngowani yakakura 4-12 cm mudhayamita. Chimiro chevhavha ndeye hemispherical, uye zvishoma convex, inopfugama. Chinhu chakasiyana-siyana chezvipenyu ndeye-orange-yellow color ye cap ine mitsetse yakatsvuka. Nzvimbo yacho ine velvety kana kuti yakatsetseka, yakaoma, uye inonamira zvishoma mumamiriro ekunze emvura. Nzvimbo yepasi ine porous, pores iri light grey kana ocher grey.

Gumbo 5-16 cm kureba. Chechipiri chinosiyanisa pfuma yezvipenyu ndeye refu jena cylindrical dzinde rine machena mapeji masikero pasina kuwedzera pedyo nechigadziko. Muhowa dzakakura, zviyero zvinosviba zvishoma, hupamhi hwehunde ndeye 1-2 cm.

Iyo pulp yakakura, yakasviba, chena, pazororo inowana ruvara kubva kune lilac kusvika kune grey-dema.

Iyo tubular layer yakadzima-chena kana greyish ine madiki akatenderedzwa pores etubules. Spore powder ine brown-buffy.

Kusiyana-siyana: chivharo chinova chakaoma uye velvety nekufamba kwenguva, uye ruvara rwecap inoshanduka kubva kune yero-orange kusvika kune tsvuku. Sezvo fungus inokura, ganda revhavha rinogona kupera, richiisa pachena tubules yakapoteredza. Zviyero pagumbo zvinotanga zvichena, zvozoita grey.

Nechepasi pekepisi inogona kuita chena-yellow kusvika kune greyish muruvara.

Hakuna mapatya ane chepfu. Boletus orenji-yero muruvara rwekepisi yakafanana nehowa yeorenji-tsvuku yeporcini (Boletus edulis, f. auranti - oruber), iyo inosiyaniswa nedzinde gobvu rakaita sekirabhu uye kuvapo kwepatani tsvuku yemambure pa. dzinde.

Kubika nzira: yakaomeswa, yakabikwa, yakabikwa, yakakangwa.

Zvinodyiwa, 2th chikamu.

 

Podosinovik bely (Leccinum percandidum).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: the mushroom is listed in the Red Book of the Federation and regional Red Books. Status – 3R (rare species). Mushrooms grow in small clearings, where there are a lot of ferns on the border of deciduous and mixed forest growth.

Mwaka: kupera kwaJune - kupera kwaSeptember.

Chivharo chine nyama, 5-12 cm muhupamhi, uye dzimwe nguva kusvika 20 cm. Chimiro chechivharo chinonzi hemispherical. Chinhu chakasiyana chezvipenyu chimiro chemukati - iyo, "seheti", ine vhoriyamu yemukati (concave) inofananidzwa nemamwe mabholetus makuru uye boletus, apo pasi pechivharo inenge kunyange. Chinhu chechipiri chinosiyanisa ruvara rwechivharo - kirimu, "nyanga dzenzou", chiedza chemavara, muhowa yekare chivharo chinova yellowish, dzimwe nguva mavara matsvuku anoonekwa. Kazhinji ganda rinorembera pamucheto wecap.

Gumbo 6-15 cm, nhete uye kureba, cylindrical, zvishoma gobvu chigadziko. Howa hudiki hune kukora kwakasimba kubva pasi. Gumbo racho jena rine makwande, anenge matema muhowa hwakura, 1-2,5 cm gobvu.

- б б б б б б б б б б б б б б б б б б б б б б б б б б б б Мякоть на срезе ножки синеет.

Kusiyana: ruvara rwecap inosiyana kubva pakirimu yakareruka kusvika kune yero tsvuku. Sezvo fungus inokura, ganda revhavha rinogona kupera, richiisa pachena tubules yakapoteredza. Zviyero padzinde zvinotanga zvipfumbu, zvozoti zvitema.

Ядовитых двойников нет. Подосиновик белый похож по цвету шляпки на съедобный подберезовик болотный (Leccinum holopus). Подосиновик отличается внутренней формой шляпки — она вогнута по сравнению или же, наоборот, слегка свисающей поздудшко.

Kubika nzira. Kunyange zvazvo mushroom ine kuravira kwakanaka, asi nekuda kwekushayikwa kwayo uye kuiswa muBhuku Dzvuku, munhu anofanira kurega kuiunganidza uye, zvakasiyana, kukurudzira kubereka kwayo munzira dzose. Usabvarura howa uhu, sezvo izvi zvinogona kutakura zviuru zvespores.

Zvinodyiwa, 2th chikamu.

 

Boletus burgundy tsvuku (Leccinum quercinum).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: rudzi rusingawanzoitiki, runokura rwumwe-mwe mumasango anodonha akasanganiswa nespruce, kusiri kure nemachakwi.

Mwaka: June - Gunyana.

Iyo ngowani yakaoma, 4-10 cm muhupamhi, dzimwe nguva kusvika 15 cm. Chimiro cheheti ndeye hemispherical, yakafanana nengowani. Chinhu chakasiyana-siyana chezvipenyu ndeye burgundy-ruvara rutsvuku rwevhavha ine yakashata yakashata, velvety pamusoro. Nzvimbo yepasi ine porous, pores iri light grey kana ocher grey.

Gumbo 5-16 cm kureba. Chinhu chechipiri chakasiyana chezvipenyu ndeye cylindrical gumbo rakatsvuka kana tsvuku-ruvara rwemavara ane mavara madema.

Nyama yakakora, yakasviba, chena-kirimu, pazororo inova lilac kune grey-dema.

Iyo tubular layer ichena-cream kana greyish ine madiki akatenderedzwa pores etubules. Spore powder ine brown-buffy.

Kusiyana: iyo ngowani inova yakaoma uye ine velvety nenguva, uye ruvara rweheti inoshanduka kubva kune burgundy-tsvuku kusvika kune burgundy. Sezvo fungus inokura, ganda revhavha rinogona kupera, richiisa pachena tubules yakapoteredza. Iyo yepasi pekapu inogona kuchena-kirimu kune yero-grey.

Hakuna mapatya ane chepfu. Boletus burgundy-tsvuku muruvara rwekepisi yakafanana nehowa yeorenji-tsvuku yeporcini (Boletus edulis, f. auranti - oruber), iyo inosiyaniswa nedzinde gobvu rakaita sekirabhu uye kuvapo kwepatani tsvuku mesh. padzinde.

Nzira dzekubika: yakaomeswa, yakakangwa, yakabikwa, yakakangwa.

Zvinodyiwa, 2th chikamu.

 

Red boletus, kana redhead (Leccinum aurantiacum).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: masango ane deciduous, akavhenganiswa uye pine, anokura ari oga uye mumapoka.

Mwaka: июнь — конец сентября.

Iyo ngowani yakaoma, 5-20 cm muhupamhi, uye dzimwe nguva kusvika 25 cm. Chimiro cheheti ndeye hemispherical, uye zvishoma convex, yakapfugama. Hat ruvara - orenji, tsvuku ine ngura, orenji-tsvuku. Nzvimbo yacho ine velvety kana kuti yakatsetseka, yakaoma, uye inonamira zvishoma mumamiriro ekunze emvura. Nzvimbo yepasi ine porous, pores iri light grey kana ocher grey.

Gumbo rakareba 5-16 cm, dzimwe nguva rinosvika 28 cm, kureba, cylindrical, dzimwe nguva richiwedzera rakananga kugaro, rinowanzo curver grey-white rine zvikero zvinopenya. Muhowa hukuru, zvikero zvinosviba uye zvoita kunge zvitema, ukobvu hwehunde i1,5-5 cm.

Nyama yakakora, yakasviba, yakachena, pakuputika inoshanduka kubva kune lilac kusvika kune grey-dema, muchikamu chezasi chezinde kusvika kune yakaneta-ruvara rwebhuruu.

Iyo tubular layer yakadzima-chena kana greyish ine madiki akatenderedzwa pores etubules. Spore powder - brown-ocherous, ocher-brown.

Kusiyana-siyana: chivharo chinova chakaoma uye velvety nekufamba kwenguva, uye ruvara rwe cap inoshanduka kubva kune yero-orange kusvika kune yakatsvuka. Sezvo fungus inokura, ganda revhavha rinogona kupera, richiisa pachena tubules yakapoteredza. Zviyero padzinde zvinotanga zvipfumbu, zvozoti zvitema. Nechepasi pekapu inogona kuchena-yellow kusvika kune greyish muruvara.

Hakuna mapatya ane chepfu. Boletus tsvuku muruvara rwekapu yakafanana neinodyiwa chena pine mushroom (Boletus edulis, f. pinicola), iyo inosiyaniswa negumbo rakakora-rakaumbwa nekirabhu uye kuvapo kwepateni pagumbo rine mitsetse kana mitsetse.

Nzira dzekubika: yakaomeswa, yakakangwa, yakabikwa, yakakangwa.

Zvinodyiwa, 2th chikamu.

 

Boletus yellow-brown (Leccinum versipelle - testaceoscabrum).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: birch, pine uye masango akasanganiswa.

Mwaka: kupera kwaJune - kupera kwaSeptember.

Iyo ngowani yakaoma, 5-16 cm muhupamhi, uye dzimwe nguva kusvika 20 cm. Chimiro cheheti ndeye hemispherical, convex. Chinhu chakasiyana-siyana chemhando ndeyemuvara wechivharo - yellow-brown, yellow-orange, bright orange, red-brown. Nzvimbo yacho ine velvety kana kuti yakatsetseka, yakaoma, uye inonamira zvishoma mumamiriro ekunze emvura.

Ganda rinowanzorembera pamucheto wechivharo. Nzvimbo yepasi ine porous, pores iri light grey kana ocher grey.

Gumbo 5-10 cm kureba, gobvu uye kureba, rakaita sekirabhu, richikwira kumusoro. Muhowa hudiki, tsinde yakakora zvakasimba. Gumbo racho jena rine mazero egrey, anenge matema muhowa hukuru, 2-5 cm mukobvu.

Nyama yakasvibira chena, zvishoma pinkish panguva yekuzorora, ipapo ipfumbu uye yobva yaita pinkish-yepepuru kana yakasviba grey, uye yebhuruu-girinhi padzinde.

Tubules 0,7-3 cm kureba ane maduku maduku akatenderedzwa. Chikamu chinoratidza serrated off-white tubules. Pamusoro peiyo tubular layer muhowa diki ine grey, ipapo grey-brown. Spore powder - olive brown

Kusiyana: ruvara rwechivharo runosiyana kubva kune yero-brown kusvika kune yakajeka orenji. Sezvo fungus inokura, ganda revhavha rinogona kupera, richiisa pachena tubules yakapoteredza. Zviyero padzinde zvinotanga zvipfumbu, zvozoti zvitema.

Hakuna mapatya ane chepfu. Husingadyike bile howa (Tylopilus felleus) hwakati fana, umo nyama ine pinkish tinge inovava zvakanyanya.

Kubika nzira: yakaomeswa, yakabikwa, yakabikwa, yakakangwa.

Zvinodyiwa, 2th chikamu.

Flywheels nembudzi

July flywheels uye mbudzi dzinowanzokura mumasango akavhenganiswa nemioki uye spruces. Vanowanzova vasingaoneki uye vanovanza zvakanaka mumashizha uye mashizha akadonha.

Flywheel yero-brown (Suillus variegates).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: inokura mupine nemasango akasanganiswa, imwe chete kana mumapoka. Nzvimbo yekuunganidza zvinhu zvinokuvadza: iyi mhuka ine pfuma yekuunganidza kwakasimba kwesimbi inorema, saka iwe unofanirwa kunyatso cherechedza mamiriro ekuunganidza howa munzvimbo isingasviki 500 metres kubva mumigwagwa mikuru nemabhizinesi emakemikari.

Mwaka: Chikunguru - Gumiguru.

Iyo ngowani ine dhayamita 4-12 masendimita, cushion-yakafanana, yakakomberedzwa, ine yakabhenda, uye nezera rine yakadzikiswa mupendero, ndimu-yellow, yero-brown kana olive-ocher. Ganda riri paheti rakaoma, rakatsetseka kana rinenge ranzwa, richiva rakatsetseka nekufamba kwenguva, mushure memvura inotsvedza zvishoma.

Gumbo rine cylindrical, yellowish, rine rima marble pattern, 5-8 cm kureba, 1,5-2,5 cm mukobvu.

Iyo pulp ndeyero, haina kunhuwa uye kuravira, zvishoma inoshanduka bhuruu pakucheka.

Miti yemiorivhi pauduku, ipapo muorivhi une ngura.

Kusiyana-siyana: chivharo chinova chakaoma uye velvety nekufamba kwenguva, uye ruvara rwevhavha inoshanduka kubva ku chestnut kusvika kune yakasviba. Rudzi rwezinde rinosiyana kubva pachiedza chebrown uye yellow-brown kusvika kune tsvuku-tsvuku.

Mhando dzakafanana. Iyo yePolish mushroom (Boletus badius) yakafanana, asi haina velvety, asi yeganda uye ine mafuta cap pamusoro.

Hakuna mapatya ane chepfu. Howa hweBile (Tylopilus felleus) hwakada kufanana, umo nyama ine ruvara rwepinki, uye ngowani ine brown, inovava zvakanyanya.

Nzira dzekubika: kuomesa, marinating, kufashaira.

Zvinodyiwa, 3th chikamu.

 

Motley moth (Boletus chrysenteron).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: inokura mumasango ane deciduous uye akavhenganiswa, pamucheto wemigwagwa, migero, pamwe chete nemicheto. Howa haawanzo, akanyorwa mune mamwe matunhu Red Books, uko vane chimiro che4R.

Mwaka: Chikunguru - Gumiguru.

Шляпка диаметром 4-8 см, иногда до 10 см, полусферикая нево-бурая, красновато-коричневая шляпка. Трещины часто имеют розовый оттенок.

Gumbo rine cylindrical, 3-8 cm kureba, 0,8-2 cm gobvu, chiedza chero, dzvuku muchikamu chepasi. Rutsoka pazasi runogona kupera. Gumbo rinowanzoita curved, rine zvikero zviduku zvitsvuku.

Nyama yakaonda, chena kana yero, yakatsvuka pasi peganda rekepisi uye pazasi pehunde, zvishoma bluish pakuputsika.

Miti yemiorivhi pauduku, ipapo muorivhi une ngura. Spores ane olive brown.

Iyo hymenophore inonamatira, yakaparadzaniswa nyore nyore kubva pahuputi, ine tubules 0,4-1,2 cm kureba, cream-yero, yero-yegirinhi, gare gare muorivhi muruvara, kushanduka girini panguva yekuzorora. Iyo pores ye tubules yakakura. Spore powder is yellow-olive-brown.

Variability. Maonero acho pachawo anochinja. Kune chiedza chemuenzaniso ocher-grey, inenge yakatsvuka uye yakashava, yero-kirimu. Kune rima rakatsvuka-ruvara uye kunyange shava. Sezvo fungus inokura, ganda revhavha rinogona kupera, richiisa pachena tubules yakapoteredza.

Hakuna mapatya ane chepfu. Howa hweBile (Tylopilus felleus) hwakada kufanana, umo nyama ine ruvara rwepinki, uye ngowani ine brown, inovava zvakanyanya.

Nzira dzekubika: kuomesa, marinating, kufashaira.

Zvinodyiwa, 3th chikamu.

 

Mbudzi (Suillus bovines).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: inokura mupine yakanyorova kana masango akasanganiswa uye sphagnum bogs.

Mwaka: Chikunguru - Gumiguru.

Hat ine dhayamita ye 2-8 cm, asi dzimwe nguva kusvika 10 cm, hemispherical, yero-brown kana tsvuku, yakaoma ine dense yero pasi. Iyo firimu haina kuparadzaniswa kubva kune kapu. Nokufamba kwenguva, chimiro cheheti chinoputika. Nzvimbo yacho ine mafuta mukati mekunze kwemvura.

Gumbo rakatetepa, rero, 3-8 cm kureba, 0,6-2 cm gobvu, rakatetepa zvishoma pazasi. Rudzi rwechidzitiro rwakanyanya kana kushoma yunifomu, ruvara runobva kune yero-zvidhina kune tsvuku.

Nyama yakapfava yepingi, yakashava-kuchena, chena-yellowish, yakatsvuka zvishoma kana yakachekwa. Iyo pulp haina kunhuwa.

Mapores e-tubular layer anoonekwa zvakajeka. Iyo tubules inonamatira, ichidzika, 0,3-1 cm kureba, yero kana muorivhi-yero muruvara ine mahombe angular pores emuorivhi-girinhi ruvara.

Iyo hymenophore inonamatira, yakaparadzaniswa nyore nyore kubva pahuputi, ine tubules 0,4-1,2 cm kureba, cream-yellow, sulfur-yellowish-green, gare gare muorivhi muvara, kushanduka girini panguva yekuzorora. Mapores e tubules akakura uye angular. Spore powder is yellow-olive-brown.

Изменчивость. Цвет может быть от желто-коричневого до бурого и ржаво-коричневого. Цвет ножки — от светло-оранжевого до темно-кирпичного.

Hakuna mapatya ane chepfu. Howa hweBile (Tylopilus felleus) hwakada kufanana, umo nyama ine ruvara rwepinki, uye ngowani ine brown, inovava zvakanyanya.

Nzira dzekubika: kuomesa, marinating, kufashaira.

Zvinodyiwa, 3th chikamu.

russula

Russula howa muna Chikunguru inotora nzvimbo dzakawanda dzemasango. Kunyanya mazhinji acho anokura musango, spruce litter, kunyangwe mamwe marudzi achifarira nzvimbo dzakanyorova.

Russula betularm (Russula betularm).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: mumasango anonyorova anotema kana akavhenganiswa, pedyo nemabhishi.

Mwaka: June - Gumiguru.

Iyo cap ine dhayamita ye3-8 cm, dzimwe nguva kusvika 10 cm. Chimiro chinotanga convex hemispherical, gare gare flat-depressed. Chinhu chakasiyana-siyana chezvipenyu iheti yakaora mwoyo ine tsvuku-pink yepakati uye chiedza chepinki edges. Ganda racho rakatsetseka, rinopenya, dzimwe nguva rakafukidzwa nediki diki.

Gumbo: 4-10 см длиной, 7-15 мм толщиной. Форма ножки — цилиндрическая или немного, белого цвета, ломкая. У старых грибов ножка становится сероватой.

Mahwendefa acho anowanzo, akafara, ane mipendero zvishoma. Muvara wemahwendefa unotanga kuchena, ipapo chena-kirimu.

Iyo pulp ichena, isina kusimba, inonaka zvinotapira.

Spores ane chiedza buffy. Spore poda yakachenuruka yero.

Variability. Muhowa hudiki, mipendero yecap inotsvedza, nezera inova ribbed. Mucheto wehowa wechidiki unogona kunge wakachena zvachose kana nepink tint, gare gare pink. Pakati pepingi pakutanga, gare gare tsvuku-pink.

kufanana nemamwe marudzi. Russula birch yakafanana neiyo inodyiwa marsh russula (Russula paludosa), iyo, pane zvinopesana, yepakati yakareruka, yero, uye mipendero yakasviba, yakatsvuka. Russula birch inogona kuvhiringika nekupisa marutsi (Russula emitica), ine dzinde jena uye inopinza peppery kuravira, inopisa kapu tsvuku uye isina rumwe ruvara pakati.

Nzira dzekubika: marinating, kubika, salting, grilling.

Zvinodyiwa, 3th chikamu.

 

Russula inopera (Russula decolorans).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: coniferous, kazhinji pine masango, mu moss uye blueberries, inokura mumapoka kana imwe chete.

Mwaka: Chikunguru - Gunyana.

Iyo cap ndeye 4-10 masendimita mudhayamita, dzimwe nguva kusvika 15 cm, pakutanga yakatenderera, hemispherical, gare gare flat-convex, yakapfugama, kune yakaora mwoyo neyakajeka yakatsetseka kana ribbed mipendero. Ruvara: tan, reddish orenji, zvidhinha orenji, yellowish orenji. Iyo ngowani inopera zvisina kuenzana nekufamba kwenguva, ichigadzira mavara ane tsvuku uye yakasviba grey ruvara. Ganda rehowa hudiki rinonamira, rozooma uye rakatsetseka.

Gumbo 5-10 masendimita kureba, 1-2 masendimita gobvu, cylindrical, dzimwe nguva rakatetepa akananga pagadziko, gobvu, chena, ipapo grey kana yero.

Мякоть белая, хрупкая со сладковатым вкусом, немного острая, на разломе сереет.

Zvinyorwa zvepakati frequency, zvakatetepa, zvakafara, zvakanamatira, zvichena zvine yero kana grey tint, uye kunyange gare gare - yakasviba grey.

Variability. Mavara echivharo uye kupera kunosiyana-siyana: brownish, reddish, rusty brown, uye kunyange greenish.

kufanana nemamwe marudzi. Iyo inopera russula inenge yakafanana nemoto inopisa ( Russula emitica ), umo mahwendefa machena, nyama haishanduki grey uye ine kuravira kwakashata, ruvara rwechivharo rwakatsvuka-ruvara.

Nzira dzekubika: fry, marinate,

Zvinodyiwa, 3th chikamu.

 

Russula bile (Russula fellea).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: muspruce uye masango anotema, inokura mumapoka kana mumwe.

Mwaka: Chikunguru - Gunyana.

Chivharo 4-9 masendimita muhupamhi, pakutanga hemispherical, convex, gare gare convex-prostrate kana flat, zvishoma kuora mwoyo nepakati, yakatsetseka, yakaoma, ine mitsetse, yakatsetseka. Chinhu chakasiyana chemhando iyi ishanga-yellow ruvara ine yero kana zvishoma yakasvibira pakati uye yakatsvuka-yellow kumucheto.

Gumbo 4-7 cm kureba, 8-15 mm gobvu, cylindrical, kunyange, gobvu, jena. Rudzi rwedzinde nezera rinova mashanga-yellow akafanana neaya ekepisi.

Pulp. Chechipiri chinosiyanisa pfuma yemhando ndeyehuchi hwehuhu hwehupi uye kupisa, caustic uye inovava kuravira.

Mahwendefa acho akachena, gare gare anenge akafanana nemuvara sekepisi. Mahwendefa mazhinji ane matavi. Spores zvichena.

Variability. Ruvara rweshanga rweyero runopera nekufamba kwenguva uye ruvara rwekepisi rwunova rweyero pakati nepakati uye kupenya zvishoma kumacheto.

kufanana nemamwe marudzi. Iyo bilious uye inodyiwa russula inogona kuvhiringika neiyo yakanaka, inonaka yero russula (Russula claroflava), ine inopenya yero kana lemon yero cap, asi isina pulpy hwema.

Vane kuravira kunorwadza, asi kana yakabikwa mumvura 2-3, kuvava kunoderera, zvinonhuwira zvinogona kugadzirwa.

Inodyiwa nemamiriro ezvinhu nekuda kwekunhuhwirira uye kuvava kuravira.

 

Russula girini (Russula aeruginea).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: mumasango ane coniferous uye anotema, kunyanya pasi pemabhishi.

Mwaka: June - Gumiguru.

Chivharo 5-9 masendimita muhupamhi, dzimwe nguva kusvika 15 cm, pakutanga hemispherical, convex, gare gare convex-prostrate kana flat, yakaora mwoyo ine yakatsetseka kana zvishoma ribbed edges. Ruvara runogona kunge rwakareruka kumacheto. Chinhu chakasiyana chezvipenyu ndeyeruvara rwegirini rwecap ine ruvara rwakasvibira pakati. Mukuwedzera, kune mavara ane ngura kana tsvuku-yero pakati pevhavha. Ganda rinonamira mumamiriro ekunze akanyorova, akafukidzwa nematete radial grooves.

Ножка 4-9 см высотой, 8-20 мм толщиной, цилиндрическая, ровная, плотная, гладкая, блестящая, белая или с ржаво-коричнепиный. У основания ножка может слегка суживаться. Ножка сереет на срезе.

Nyama yakasimba, ine brittle, haina kunhuwa uye ine mhiripiri kana kuti pungent taste.

Mahwendefa acho anowanzo, ane bifurcated, akasununguka kana anonamatira, zvishoma achidzika pamwe chete nedzinde, chena kana kirimu.

Variability. Nokufamba kwenguva, mumvuri chete unoshanduka uchitarisana nekumashure kweyakajairwa ruvara rwegirinhi.

Kufanana nedzimwe mhuka dzinodyiwa. Iyo russula yakasvibirira inogona kuvhiringika neyakasvibira russula ( Russula virescens ), umo ngowani isiri yakachena yakasvibira, asi yero-yakasvibira, uye tsinde yakachena ine brownish zviyero pazasi. Mhando mbiri idzi dzinodyiwa.

Musiyano kubva kune ine chepfu yegirinhi fomu yeakachenuruka (Amanita phallioides): iyo yegirini russula ine gasi regumbo, nepo grebe rakachenuruka rine mhete pagumbo uye kadzi yakazvimba pazasi.

Способы приготовления: маринование, жарка, соление.

Zvinodyiwa, 3th chikamu.

 

Russula luteotacta, kana chena (Russula luteotacta).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: masango akasanganiswa.

Mwaka: Chikunguru - Gunyana.

Chivharo chine 4-8 cm muhupamhi, dzimwe nguva kusvika 10 cm, pakutanga hemispherical, gare gare convex uye prostrate, yakaora mwoyo pakati. Chinhu chakasiyana chemhando iyi heti chena ine pakati peyellowish-brown. Mheto dzechivharo mumienzaniso yakakura haina kuenzana, mirefu.

Gumbo 4-9 cm kureba uye 7-20 mm gobvu, jena, cylindrical, richiwedzera zvishoma zvichidzika, pakutanga gobvu, gare gare mhango.

Iyo pulp ichena, ine brittle ine isina simba, inovava zvishoma.

Mahwendefa anowanzo, machena kana machena-cream muvara. Spores zvichena.

Variability. Ruvara rwekepisi rwunosiyana kubva kuchena chaiko kuenda kuyellowish nepakati inotongwa neyero uye brown tones.

kufanana nemamwe marudzi. Iyi russula inogona kuvhiringika neconditionally edible russula (Russala farinipes), ine ocher-yellowish cap.

Musiyano kubva kune huturu chena chimiro cheakacheneruka grebe (Amanita phallioides) ari pamberi pemhete pagumbo uye yakazvimba volva pazasi pegiribe rakachenuruka.

Conditionally edible nekuda kwekuvava.

 

Russula ocher-yellow (Russula ochroleuca).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: coniferous uye deciduous masango, kukura mumapoka uye mumwe.

Mwaka: Chikunguru - Gunyana.

Iyo cap ndeye 4-10 masendimita muhupamhi, pakutanga hemispherical, gare gare convex uye inopfugama, yakaora mwoyo pakati. Nzvimbo yacho ine matte, yakaoma, inonamira mumamiriro ekunze emvura. Chinhu chakasiyana chezvipenyu ndeye ocher-yellow color, dzimwe nguva ine greenish tint. Pakati pechivharo chinogona kunge chakasviba, chine brownish silt uye tsvuku-yellowish. Ganda rinobviswa nyore nyore.

Gumbo 4-9 cm kureba uye 1-2 cm gobvu, rakatsetseka, cylindrical, chena pakutanga, gare gare greyish-yellow.

Iyo pulp haina kusimba, yakacheneruka, nekunaka kwakapinza.

Mahwendefa akakora, anonamatira, machena kana chiedza chekrimu.

Variability. Dzinde rewhite cylindrical rinoita grey nekukura.

Kufanana nedzimwe mhuka dzinodyiwa. Iyo ocher-yellow russula inogona kuvhiringika neinodyiwa yero russula (Russula claroflava), ine inopenya yero chivharo uye chena nyama inoshanduka zvishoma nezvishoma dema kana yachekwa.

Musiyano kubva kuchepfu yakachenuruka grebe (Amanita phallioides) ine siyana ine muorivhi kana yero chivharo ndechekuti grebe rakachenuruka rine mhete pagumbo uye volva yakazvimba pazasi.

Conditionally inodyiwa nekuda kwekunaka kwepeppery. Inokodzera kubika zvinonhuwira zvinopisa. Iko kupinza kunoderera kana yakabikwa mumvura 2-3.

 

Russula yepepuru-tsvuku (Russula obscura).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: swampy coniferous and deciduous masango, anokura ari mapoka kana ega.

Mwaka: Chikunguru - Gunyana.

Mishonga yekurapa:

• Russula yepepuru-tsvuku ine mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inopesana nezvirwere zvezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana - staphylococci uye zvinopesana nemabhakitiriya anokuvadza - pullularia. Tinctures inobva pahowa iyi ine antibacterial properties uye inogona kudzvinyirira kubereka kwe staphylococci.
• Dhayi dzvuku-ruvara rinoshanda kurwisa mabhakitiriya anokuvadza. Izvi zvinobvumira kune yakasimba antibacterial effect.

Iyo cap ndeye 4-15 cm muhupamhi, pakutanga hemispherical, gare gare yakagwadama, yakaora mwoyo pakati, ine wavy, dzimwe nguva serrated edge. Nzvimbo yacho inonamira zvishoma mumamiriro ekunze emvura, yakaoma mune mamwe mamiriro ekunze. Chinhu chakasiyana-siyana chezvipenyu ndicho chikuru chepepuru-tsvuku ruvara uye kusiyana kunogoneka: tsvuku-bluish, tsvuku-tsvuku ine grey tint. Muhowa hudiki, chikamu chepakati chechivharo chakasviba, asi gare gare chinopera kune yellowish-brown hue.

Ножка 4-10 см высотой и 1-2,5 см толщиной, цилиндрическая, плотная, к основанию немного суженная, со временем становится рых.

Nyama yakachena, ichena pakuputsika, nekunakidza kwakapfava kusina-caustic kuravira.

Mahwendefa acho ane 0,7-1,2 cm paupamhi, machena mumuenzaniso wechidiki, gare gare ane yellowish tinge, creamy spore powder.

Variability. Muvara wechivharo unosiyana-siyana: kubva kune yepepuru-tsvuku kusvika kune brownish-tsvuku kune zvidhinha-brown.

kufanana nemamwe marudzi. Iyo purplish-tsvuku russula inogona kuvhiringika ne inedible pungent russula (Russula emitica), iyo ine tsvuku, pink-tsvuku kana yepepuru kapu, hunde yepinki munzvimbo, nyama chena, yepinki pasi peganda, ine kupisa kwakanyanya.

Nzira dzekushandisa: marinating, salting, inopisa.

Russula pink (Russula rosea).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: masango ane deciduous uye pine, mumapoka kana mumwe.

Mwaka: Nyamavhuvhu - Gumiguru.

Iyo ngowani ine 4-10 cm mudhayamita, pakutanga hemispherical, gare gare yakagwadama, yakakomberedzwa nepakati, yakaoma neyakatsetseka gobvu mupendero. Nzvimbo yacho inonamira zvishoma mumamiriro ekunze emvura, yakaoma mune mamwe mamiriro ekunze. Chinhu chakasiyana chezvipenyu ndechepingi, rose-tsvuku, ruvara rutsvuku rwakacheneruka nemavara machena machena uye yero. Ganda haribviswi.

Gumbo 4-8 cm kureba, 1-2,5 cm gobvu, pfupi, chena pakutanga, ipapo pinkish, fibrous, cylindrical.

Iyo pulp ine dense, brittle, chena muruvara, inovava muhowa hudiki, inotapira mune yakakura.

Mahwendefa acho akatetepa, ari pakati nepakati, akamanikana, machena pakutanga, gare gare kirimu kana pinkish-kirimu. Mahwendefa acho anonamatira zvishomanana kana kuti akasununguka.

Variability. Rudzi rwechivharo runosiyana: kubva kune pink-tsvuku kusvika kune yero-pink.

kufanana nemamwe marudzi. Iyo pink russula yakafanana neinodyiwa marsh russula (Russula paludosa), iyo ine ngowani-tsvuku-yeorenji, dzinde rakaita sekirabhu zvishoma, chena ine pink tint. Iyo pulp yemarsh russula haina kuravira kunorwadza, asi inonakidza mushroom imwe.

Howa hunogona kudyiwa nekuda kwekuravira kwahwo, hunoshandiswa kugadzira zvinonhuwira. Kuravira kunovava kunogona kudzikiswa

 

Russula yepepuru, kana lilac (Russula violaceae).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: pine, spruce uye masango akasanganiswa, anokura mumapoka kana oga.

Mwaka: Chikunguru - Gumiguru.

Iyo ngowani ine 4-10 masendimita muhupamhi, dzimwe nguva inosvika 12 cm, pakutanga convex, hemispherical, yozokotama, inenge yakati sandara ine concave pakati. Chinhu chakasiyana chemhando iyi heti yepepuru ine mipendero isina kuenzana, wavy uye mumvuri wakasviba pakati. Mukuwedzera, mapendero evhavha anorembera pasi.

Gumbo rine kureba kwe5-10 cm, ukobvu hwe7-15 mm, ichena, cylindrical muchimiro.

The pulp is brittle, white.

Mahwendefa anowanzo, anonamatira, pakutanga akachena, uye sezvaanokura, kirimu.

Variability. Rudzi rwechivharo runosiyana kubva kune yepepuru kusvika kune lilac uye brown-violet.

Kufanana nedzimwe mhuka dzinodyiwa. Russula yepepuru inogona kuvhiringidzika nemhando yepepuru ye brittle russula (Russula fragilis, f. violascens), iyo inosiyaniswa nekuvapo kwechipisi uye brittle hat, pamwe nechiedza chepepuru ruvara.

Nzira dzekubika: pickling, salting, frying. Howa dzakanyorwa munharaunda Red Books, chimiro - 3R.

Zvinodyiwa, 4th chikamu.

ukoshi

Валуи в июле растут повсеместно, предпочитая высокие места. В деревнях и местах с давними традициями валуи собирают помногу, вымачивают и засаливают в бочках. В окрестностях больших городов их также очень много. Но здесь их почти не собирают, отдавая предпочтение другим видам. Они отличаются многообразием форм и размеров: от шарообразной на ножке до зонтикообразных.

Valui (Russula foetens).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: yakasanganiswa nebirch uye coniferous masango, kukura mumapoka.

Mwaka: Chikunguru - Gunyana.

Iyo ngowani ine dhayamita 3-15 masendimita, dzimwe nguva kusvika masendimita 18, ine nyama, pakutanga yakatenderera uye hemispherical, wobva wagwadamira sandara, kazhinji nepakati nepakati, slimy, inonamira, ine ribbed kumucheto, dzimwe nguva kuputika. Chinhu chakasiyana chezvipenyu ndeye spherical chimiro mudiki sampuli uye ruvara rwekapu: ocher, uswa, tsvina yero, orenji-brown. Ganda haribviswi.

Gumbo 3-8 masendimita kureba, 1-2,5 masendimita gobvu, cylindrical, dzimwe nguva kuzvimba pakati, pakutanga spongy, ruvara rumwe chete chivharo. Chechipiri chinosiyanisa pfuma yezvipenyu igumbo risina mhango rine makomba akawanda asina chinhu.

Nyama yakachena, ipapo ocher, dense mu cap, spongy mu stem, yakasununguka nekunhuhwirira kusingafadzi uye kuravira. Iyo inonhuwira isingafadzi inowedzerwa muhowa yekare.

Mahwendefa acho anonamatira, akatsvuka kana kuti cream-brown ane mavara ebrownish, forked-branched, kazhinji, kazhinji achibudisa madonhwe emvura pamucheto. Spore powder ichena kana kirimu.

Variability. Rudzi rwechivharo runogona kusiyanisa zvakanyanya, kubva kuorenji-ruvara kusvika kune yero, uye mashizha anogona kusiyanisa kubva kuchiedza yero uye kirimu kusvika kune brown.

kufanana nemamwe marudzi. Valui yakati fananei neconditionally edible ocher-yellow russula (Russula ochroleuca), umo ruvara rwecap iri ocher-yellow ine greenish tint, dzinde rakatsetseka, cylindrical, chena. Chimiro chechivharo chakasiyana zvakanyanya: mudiki uye hukuru hutsika, ine denderedzwa kana hemispherical uye gare gare inova flat, senge murussula.

Nzira dzekubika: salting mushure mekugadzirira.

Zvinodyiwa, 4th chikamu.

Млечник и краснушка

Млечники и краснушки — все съедобные грибы. Среди них есть особенно ароматные и вкусные, например, млечники древесинные, отличающиеся необыкновенным контрастом плцветов исполнились. Однако все они требуют предварительного отмачивания перед окончательной засолкой.

Milky wood, kana brown (Lactarius lignyotus).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: хвойные леса, среди мха, растут обычно группами.

Mwaka: Aug. Sept.

Iyo cap ine dhayamita ye 3-6 cm, dense, yakatsetseka, yakakomberedzwa pakutanga, gare gare flat-conical. Chinhu chakasiyana chezvipenyu musanganiswa usina kujairika wemavara: yakasviba, chestnut, brown, dema dema kana dema-brown ngowani, kazhinji ine tubercle inooneka pakati, yakajeka uye yakajeka mahwendefa uye rima dema gumbo.

Dzinde rakareba, 4-12 cm kureba, 0,6-1,5 masendimita gobvu, cylindrical, kazhinji sinuous, rima gobvu, dema, brown, chestnut muvara we cap.

Nyama yakachena, gare gare zvishoma yero, yakatsvuka pakucheka.

Mahwendefa acho anogara achidzika, zvishoma achidzika pamwe chete nedzinde kana adherent, light cream kana yellowish cream.

Variability. Rudzi rwechivharo uye dzinde rinogona kusiyana kubva kune dema kusvika kune brown uye dema-brown.

kufanana nemamwe marudzi. Iyo howa yakanyatso hunhu uye inopesana nemuvara wakasviba wekapu, makumbo uye mahwendefa akareruka zvekuti anosiyaniswa nyore kubva kune vamwe uye haana mhando dzakafanana.

Nzira dzekubika: kubika, salting, kupisa.

Zvinodyiwa, 2th chikamu.

 

Rubella (Lactarius subdulcis).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: лиственные и смешанные леса, растут группами.

Mwaka: Chikunguru - Gumiguru.

Iyo ngowani ine dhayamita ye 4-9 cm, yakaoma, asi inoputika, inopenya, yekutanga convex, gare gare flat-prostrate, zvishoma kuora mwoyo pakati. Iyo yepamusoro ine matte, yakatsetseka kana yakaunyana zvishoma. Chimiro chakasiyana chezvipenyu ndeye rusty-reddish, red-brown, yellowish-brown ruvara.

Gumbo 3-7 cm kureba, 0,6-1,5 masendimita gobvu, cylindrical, rakatetepa zvishoma pasi, dzimwe nguva rine longitudinal fleecy mitsetse, yakatsetseka, yakasvibira.

Iyo pulp haina kusimba, yebrownish-yellowish, ine kakunhuwa kusingafadzi uye kuravira kunovava.

Mahwendefa acho anowanzo, akamanikana, zvishoma achidzika pamwe chete nedzinde, chiedza chebrown. Kana yakachekwa, muto wakachena wemukaka unoburitswa, pakutanga unotapira, asi mushure menguva pfupi unotanga kuravira kuvava.

Variability. Ruvara rwecap uye dzinde rinogona kusiyana kubva kune tsvuku tsvuku kusvika kune yakasviba.

kufanana nemamwe marudzi. Rubella yakafanana nebittersweet (Lactarius rufus), ine nyama chena panzvimbo yebrownish-yellowish uye ine central tubercle.

Nzira dzekubika: howa inodyiwa ine mamiriro, sezvo inoda kutanga inosungirwa kufashaira, mushure mezvo inogona kuiswa munyu.

Zvinodyiwa, 4th chikamu.

Muchikamu chekupedzisira chechinyorwa, iwe uchaona kuti ndeupi howa husingadyike hunokura muna Chikunguru.

Inedible howa muna Chikunguru

Gall fungus (Tylopilus felleus).

Musango rakasvibira uye rakasviba, mhere-mhere inowanzonzwika: "Ndawana boletus! Zvakare, kune akati wandei awo! Pakunyatsoongorora, zvinoonekwa kuti howa idzi dzine mahwendefa epinki. Kubva kure, vanonyatsoita senge porcini howa kana boletus. Vamwe vanotofashaidza. Izvo hazvina chepfu, asi zvinovava kwazvo. Aya ndiwo anonzi gall fungi.

Mishonga yeGall mushroom:

• Iyo gall fungus ine choleretic effect. Kubva pairi gadzirira mishonga yekurapa kwechiropa.

Nzvimbo dzekugara: nzvimbo dzakanyorova mumasango ane coniferous uye akavhengana, pedyo nezvitsiga zvakaora, zvinoitika zvega uye mumapoka.

Mwaka: Chikunguru - Gumiguru.

Chivharo chine dhayamita 4 kusvika 15 cm, gobvu-nyama, pakutanga hemispherical, gare gare denderedzwa-cushion-shaped uye ipapo akagwadama kana flat-convex. Nzvimbo yacho ine velvety zvishoma, gare gare yakatsetseka, yakaoma. Muvara: chestnut yakareruka, brownish-brown ine grey, yero kana tsvuku hues.

Gumbo 4-13 cm kureba uye 1,5-3 cm mukobvu, rekutanga cylindrical, gare gare kirabhu-yakaita mujinga. Rudzi rwezinde i-cream-buff kana yellowish-brown. Pamusoro pegumbo pane yakajeka yakasviba dema-brown mesh pattern.

Iyo pulp yakaoma, yakakora, yakachena yakachena, yakasununguka muhowa yekare, inoshanduka pink panguva yekuzorora. Chinhu chakasiyana chezvipenyu ndiko kupisa-bilious kuravira kwepulp, kunyange zvazvo kunhuhwirira kunofadza, howa.

Iyo tubular layer inonamatira pahunde, dzimwe nguva inocherechedzwa. Chechipiri chinosiyanisa chimiro chezvipenyu ndeyepiniki yakacheneruka kana yakasviba yepinki ruvara rwepasi uye tubules. Kana yadzvanywa, iyo layer inoshanduka pink. Muhowa hudiki, ruvara runenge ruchena. Mapores akatenderedzwa kana angular, madiki. Spore powder - greyish-brown, pink-brown, pink.

Variability. Rudzi rwechivharo panguva yekukura kwefungus inoshanduka kubva kune yakatsvuka kusvika kune brownish-brown, uye tubular layer inoshanduka kubva kuchena kusvika kupingi.

Mhando dzakafanana. Pazera rechidiki, apo tubules yakachena, gall fungus inogona kuvhiringidzika nemhando dzakasiyana dzeceps. Nekudaro, iyo pulp yemuchena fungus haina kuravira uye chena, haichinji ruvara kana yaputsika uye, zvinonyanya kukosha, haina inovava kuravira.

Zvisingadyiki, iva nekupisa-kuvava kuravira.

 

Float

July anoyangarara anomira zvakanaka muuswa. Howa uhu hwakanaka, hwakatetepa hune dzinde refu, nyangwe husingadyike, hunogara huchikwezva vanonhonga howa.

Kuyangarara kuchena (Amanita nivalis).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: deciduous uye yakasanganiswa nemasango eBirch, inokura mumapoka kana mumwe.

Mwaka: Nyamavhuvhu - Gumiguru.

Iyo cap itete, ine dhayamita ye 3-6 cm, pakutanga ovoid, gare gare convex-prostrate uye yakazara yakazara. Chinhu chakasiyana chezvipenyu iheti diki-chena yechando ine tubercle isina kujeka, ine shading kumucheto uye refu uye nhete dzakachena dzinde ine Volvo. Micheto yekepisi yakatsetseka pakutanga, gare gare wavy.

Ножка длинная 5-16 см высотой, 5-10 мм толщиной, гладкая, начала белая, позже светло-кремовая с крупными чешуйками.

Pulp: chena, mvura, brittle, isinganhuhwi.

Пластинки свободные, частые, мягкие, белые.

Variability. Ruvara rwekepisi runosiyana kubva kuchena kusvika kuchena ine tubercle.

Mhando dzakafanana. Iyo isingadyike yechando-chena inoyangarara yakafanana nediki mienzaniso yehuturu ine chepfu (Amanita citrine), iyo inosiyaniswa nemhete hombe chena pahunde neheti gobvu, ine nyama.

Inedible.

 

Float ocher-grey (Amanitopsis lividopallescens).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: masango anotema uye akasanganiswa, anokura ari mumapoka kana ari oga.

Mwaka: Nyamavhuvhu - Gumiguru.

Iyo cap itete, ine dhayamita ye3-7 cm, pakutanga hemispherical, gare gare convex-prostrate uye yakazara yakazara. Chinhu chakasiyana chezvipenyu ndeye ocher-grey hat ine blunt tubercle, nzvimbo isina kuenzana uye inoputika micheto nekufamba kwenguva. Muzvienzaniso zviduku, nzvimbo yepakati yevhavha yakareruka, inenge yakachena.

Gumbo itete, kureba, 5-12 cm kureba, 6-15 mm gobvu.

Kumusoro kwegumbo kuchena, kuzasi kwakafanana nemuvara seheti. Nheyo yegumbo yakakora.

Pulp: kuchena, kusanhuwa.

Mahwendefa acho anowanzo, akapfava, machena, akabatanidzwa-akabatanidzwa.

Variability. Ruvara rwekepisi rwunosiyana kubva kune ocher grey kusvika kune chena uye yero.

Mhando dzakafanana. Iyo isingadyike sirivheri inoyangarara yakafanana neyechepfu chena fomu yepale grebe (Amanita phalloides), iyo inosiyaniswa nekuvapo kwemhete yakafara pahunde uye kusavapo kwe shading pamicheto yecap.

Inedible.

 

Pale toadstools.

• Pale grebes ane chepfu inouraya, ndosaka ari magrebe.

Pale grebe, white form (Amanita phalloides).

Nzvimbo dzekugara: masango akaomeswa uye akasanganiswa, paivhu rakapfuma muhumus, anokura ari mumapoka kana ega.

Mwaka: Nyamavhuvhu - Mbudzi.

Iyo cap ine dhayamita ye6-15 cm, pakutanga hemispherical, gare gare convex prostrate. Chinhu chinosiyanisa chemhando iyi inzvimbo yakatsetseka yakatsvuka fibrous white yecap isina mazero uye dzinde rine Volvo uye mhete yakafara.

Gumbo 6-16 cm kureba, 9-25 mm gobvu, jena, rakatsetseka. Muchikamu chepamusoro chegumbo, mienzaniso miduku ine mhete yakafara chena. Mhete inogona kupera nekufamba kwenguva. Pazasi pegumbo ine tuberous thickening, yakavharwa neVolvo.

Pulp: chena, yero pasi peganda, nekunhuhwirira kusinganzwisisike uye kuravira.

Mahwendefa acho akasununguka, kazhinji, akapfava, mapfupi, machena.

Variability. Rudzi rwekapu inoshandura zvishoma - ingave yakachena yakachena kana chena ine mapinki mavara.

Mhando dzakafanana. Iwe unofanirwa kungwarira zvakanyanya paunenge uchiunganidza machampignon akanaka anodyiwa - mafuro (Agaricus campestris), hombe-spore (Agaricus macrosporus), munda (Agaricus arvensis). Ese aya machampignon achiri mudiki ane mahwendefa akareruka ane zvishoma yero kana zvishoma anooneka pinkish tint uye akareruka caps. Pazera rino, vanogona kuvhiringwa neanouraya ane chepfu pale grebe. Mukukura, mune ese aya machampignons, mahwendefa anova akajeka matsvuku, pink, brownish muruvara, nepo muakacheneruka grebe anoramba ari machena.

Chepfu inouraya!

 

Waxy talker (Clitocybe cerussata).

Pakati pevatauri, vazhinji vehowa dzisingadyi uye kunyange dzine chepfu. Dzinogona kusiyaniswa nedzinde rakaita sekoni uye mahwendefa anokambaira pahunde. Muna July, imwe yehupfu hunowanikwa - waxy talker.

Nzvimbo dzekugara: masango akasanganiswa uye coniferous, muuswa, paivhu rejecha, anokura ari oga kana mumapoka.

Mwaka: Chikunguru - Gunyana.

Iyo cap ndeye 3-7 cm mudhayamita, yekutanga convex, yozokotama uye convex-yakaora mwoyo. Chinhu chinosiyaniswa nemhando iyi ndewani kana heti chena ine nzvimbo dzakacheneruka dzepakati uye mawavy edge.

Gumbo 3-6 cm kureba, 4-12 mm gobvu, kirimu kana chena nekutetepa uye pubescence pazasi.

Nyama yacho yakachena, ine brittle, ine kunhuwa kusingafadzi.

Mahwendefa acho anowanzo, akamanikana, achidzika zvakasimba padzinde, akachena pakutanga, gare gare chena-kirimu. Spore powder ichena.

Kusiyana: ruvara rwechivharo runosiyana kubva kuchena kusvika kune nyanga dzenzou uye white-cream.

Mhando dzakafanana. Mutauriri wewakisi wakafanana neane muchetura ane muchetura (Clitocybe dealbata), akaita sefunnel zvishoma uye ane hupfu hwakasimba.

Chepfu.