Vashoma vedu vakambonzwa nezveParaguay holly chirimwa. Zvichida nokuti inokura muSouth America chete, muArgentina neParaguay. Asi ndicho chirimwa ichi chisingaremekedzi uye chisina kusimba chinopa vanhu mate - kana yerbu mate, chinwiwa chinopihwa kumaIndia namwari ane maziso ebhuruu Paya Sharume. Mate kwemazana emakore akawanda akabatsira kutanga maIndia aigara mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma eSelva, uye ipapo vafudzi-gauchos. Iye zvino vagari ve megacities, avo vane hupenyu hwakafanana ne squirrel muvhiri, vari kuwedzera kushandisa kune zvayo zvakasiyana. Inosimbisa uye inodziya, inonyaradza uye inodyisa, uye tsika dzekunwa dzinofanana netsika chaiyo - isinganzwisisiki uye inofadza, seSouth America pachayo.
Mate anoonekwa nenzira yakakodzera sechinwiwa chekare pasi pano: sekutanga kwemireniyamu yechinomwe BC, maIndia ekuSouth America airemekedza sechipo kubva kuna vamwari. Kune ngano yemaIndia ekuParaguay nezve mat. Sezvinei, mwari ane maziso ebhuruu Paya Sharume akasarudza kuburuka kubva kuGomo reNyika achienda kuNyika kuti aone mararamiro evanhu. Iye nevakawanda vevaimuperekedza vake vakafamba kwenguva refu nemuselva, vasina chikafu nemvura, kusvika, pakupedzisira, vakaona imba iri yoga. Imomo maigara harahwa yaiva nemwanasikana werunako rwaishamisa. Murume mukuru akakwazisa vaenzi nenyasha ndokupakurira huku yake imwe chete yemanheru ndokuvasiya varara zvavo. Mangwana acho Paya Sharume akabvunza kuti sei vaigarisana kwakadai? Mushure mezvose, musikana ane runako rusina kujairika anoda chikomba chakapfuma. Mudhara akapindura kuti kunaka kwemwanasikana wake ndekwamwari. Paya Sharume akashamiswa nazvo akafunga kutenda vaenzi vaigamuchira vaenzi: akadzidzisa harahwa kurima, ndokumupfuudza ruzivo rwekurapa, uye akashandura mwanasikana wake akanaka kuita chirimwa chaizobatsira vanhu kwete nerunako rwacho, asi nemabhenefits acho - kuita. muParaguay holly.
Muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, kuumbwa kweEuropean kondinendi kwakatanga, uye mamongi eSpanish maJesuit akadzidza nezve mat. Zvakabva kwavari izvo zvinwiwa zvakatora zita rayo rekare rekuti "mate", asi izwi iri rinoreva nhanga yakaomeswa - mati, kubva iyo "Paraguayan tii" inodhakwa. MaIndia eGuarani pachavo vakaritumidza kuti "yerba", zvinoreva kuti "uswa".
VaJesuit vaiona tsika yekunwa wavakaroorana naye mudenderedzwa setsika yadhiabhorosi, uye chinwiwa chacho chaive mushonga wakagadzirirwa kuroya nekuparadza, saka tsika yekunwa wawakaroorana naye yakabviswa noutsinye. Saka, Padre Diego de Torres akataura kuti maIndia anonwa wavakaroorana naye kuitira kuti vabatanidze hukama hwavo nadhiabhori.
Zvisinei, imwe nzira kana imwe, mumwe - sekuda kuziva - akatanga kupinda muEurope pasi pezita rokuti "Jesuit tea".
В XIX zana remakore, mushure mekutevedzana kwezvimurenga zverusununguko muSouth America, mat akayeukwa zvakare: sechiratidzo chekuzivikanwa kwenyika, zvakatora kudada kwenzvimbo patafura kwete yevanhuwo zvavo, asiwo neiyo aristocracy itsva yeArgentina neParaguay. Paive nefashion yekusalon yekunwa shamwari. Saka, nerubatsiro rweguchu rine chivharo chakavharwa, mukadzi wechidiki aigona kuratidza murume anonyanya kuomerera kuti akanga asina kunaka kwaari. Sweet mate nehuchi zvaireva hushamwari, kuvava - kusakendenga, mate ane molasses aitaura nezvechishuwo chevanodanana.
Kune ma<em>gaucho ari nyore, vafudzi vanobva kuSouth America selva, mukwanyina agara ari zvinopfuura kungonwawo zvako. Aikwanisa kupedza nyota yake mumasikati makuru, achidziya usiku, achidyisa nesimba nokuda kworwendo rutsva rwemombe. Mutsika, gauchos akanwa murume anovava, akabikwa zvakasimba - chiratidzo chemurume chaiye, laconic uye akajaira hupenyu hwemanomadic. Sezvakataurwa nevamwe vatsvakurudzi vetsika dzeSouth America, zviri nani kuti gaucho amuke maawa maviri pamberi pezvinotarisirwa kungonwa zvishoma nezvishoma.
Kune tsika dzakawanda dzekunwa, dzose dzinenge dziri munharaunda.
KuArgentina, mupi mukuru wechinwiwa nhasi, amai vanonwa chiitiko chemhuri, chete chedenderedzwa rakamanikana revanhu.
Uye kana wakakokwa kuArgentina nokuda kwomukwanyina wamadekwana, iva nechokwadi chokuti unovimbwa uye unorangarirwa somudiwa. Itsika kuseka patafura, kugovera nhau, uye mumwe anoita basa rekubatanidza chinhu, sezvo chirongo chenhanga chinopfuudzwa. Muridzi wemba pachake anobikira mukwanyina uye anotanga kupa kunhengo inoremekedzwa zvikuru yemhuri.
Nekudaro, muParaguay, imwe nyaya yakasiyana zvachose yakabatana neyekutanga sip yemurume: uyo anozviita anotorwa sebenzi. Vose vanobatanidzwa mumatepita vanomuramba, uye uyo kunyanguvezvo akanga ane mugumo wakadaro nguva dzose achapfira mate papfudzi rake namashoko, anoti: “Handisi benzi, asi uyo anoregeredza.”
MaBrazilians anobika shamwari mumudziyo mukuru, uye uyo anodira tii kune vateereri anonzi "cebador" - "stoker". Iyo stoker inova nechokwadi chekuti muchoto munogara muine huni nemarasha, uye "cebador" ine basa rekuona kuti vaenzi vanogara vachinwa mu calabash.
Mumakore makumi matatu chete XX zana pameti zvakare akakwevera pfungwa kwete chete munyika yake. Masayendisiti eEurope aifarira chokwadi chokuti maArgentina gauchos panguva yekufambisa mombe kwenguva refu anogona kupedza zuva muchigaro - pasina kuzorora, pasi pezuva rinopisa, achishandisa chete infusion yeParaguay holly. Mukufamba kwetsvakiridzo yakaitwa nePasteur Institute muParis, zvakazoitika kuti iyo mbishi yechirimwa isingaonekwe selva ine zvinenge zvese zvinovaka muviri uye mavhitamini munhu anoda zuva nezuva! Mashizha eParaguay holly ane vhitamini A, B mavhitaminzi, mavhitaminzi C, E, P, potasium, manganese, sodium, iron uye anenge 196 mamwe anoshanda trace elements! Iyi ndiyo "cocktail" inoita kuti mumwe wako ave chishandiso chakakosha mukurwisa kuneta kusingaperi, kushushikana, uye neurosis: inosimbisa uye inobvisa kusagadzikana panguva imwe chete. Mate inongodiwa kune vanhu vane matambudziko nekumanikidzwa: inowedzera yakaderera kudzvanywa, uye inoderedza yakakwira. Uye zvakare, mate chinwiwa chinonaka kwazvo chine sweetish uye panguva imwe chete tart manotsi.
Ndeipi nzira chaiyo yekubika shamwari? Sechinyakare, inobikwa mumudziyo weguard wakaomeswa asi kwamurisekudanwa kunoita maIndia ekuSouth America. MuRussia, zita rokuti "kalabas" kana "calabash" (kubva kuSpanish "pumpkin") ratora midzi. Inhanga, ine porous structure, iyo inopa mat iyo inonaka uye ino zivikanwa.
Asi pamberi pekutanga, calabash inoda kumutsidzirwa: nokuda kweizvi, mateti anodururwa mairi (inenge hafu yekaroti yakazadzwa nemusanganiswa wakaoma), inodururwa nemvura uye yakasara kwemazuva maviri kana matatu. Izvi zvinoitwa kuitira kuti matannins ari mumateti "ashande kuburikidza" nechimiro cheporous chegourd uye achenese nekunhuhwirira kwakanyanya. Mushure menguva iyi, nhanga inocheneswa uye yakaomeswa. Kazhinji, kutarisirwa kwakakodzera kunodiwa kune calabash: mushure mematepita imwe neimwe, inofanira kunyatsocheneswa uye kuomeswa.
Chimwe chinhu chinodiwa chematepita akakodzera ibhomba - chubhu-strainer iyo iyo chinwiwa chinoputirwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Sechinyakare, inogadzirwa nesirivheri, inova yakanakisa disinfectant, uye yakapihwa tsika yekuSouth America yekunwa murume kubva mumudziyo mumwe mudenderedzwa, izvi zvinongodiwa. Tsvimbo inonyudzwa mumudziyo nechinwiwa, inotendeukira kumunwi. Inofungidzirwa isingagamuchirwi mushure meizvozvo kutamisa bhomba uye zvakanyanya kuti ibudise kunze.
Uye zvechokwadi, munhu haagoni asi kutaura nezve pave - muvakidzani anokosha ane spout yakamanikana umo mvura inopisa nokuda kwemukadzi. Mvura inofanira kuunzwa kumota, yozosiiwa kuti itonhore kusvika 70-80 degrees.
Hongu, munyika yanhasi, zviri kuwedzera kushomeka kuwana maawa ekunwa akazorora, asi mukwanyina anogonawo kugadzirwa muchina wokudhinda wechiFrench. Iyo "zest" ichanyangarika, asi izvi hazvizokanganisa zvinhu zvinobatsira zvechigadzirwa.
Mate, tii yevaInca nemaJesuit, ijoka rakasarudzika rinopa vanhu Paraguay holly, chirimwa chisingaremekedze chiri kukura muArginia selva, chinodzingwa nezuva. Chinwiwa cheushingi gauchos uye inoyevedza yeArgentina senoritas yakatora nzvimbo yayo mutsika yeguta.
Zvechokwadi, mukati mehutano hwehupenyu hwemazuva ano, apo zvinhu zvose zvinonetsa uye hazvisi pachena kuti kupi uye nei vari kukurumidza, hapasi nguva dzose nguva nemukana wekunwa amai chaivo. Zvisinei, mumwe munhu anokoshesa calabash uye bombilla mate haakwanisi kunwa mazamu akagadzirwa muchina wokudhinda weFrench. Snobbery? Pamwe. Asi zvakanaka sei, kukweva mukwanyina nebhomba, zvifungidzire iwe segaucho akashinga, akatarisa mukati mehasha.
Chinyorwa: Lilia Ostapenko