Vashoma vedu vakambonzwa nezveParaguay holly chirimwa. Zvichida nokuti inokura muSouth America chete, munharaunda dzeArgentina neParaguay. Asi chirimwa ichi chisingaremekedzi uye chisina hunhu ndicho chinopa vanhu mate - kana yerbu mate - chinwiwa chinopihwa maIndia namwari ane maziso eblue Paya Sharume. Mate kwemazana emakore akawanda akabatsira kutanga maIndia aigara mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma eSelva, uye ipapo vafudzi-gauchos. Iye zvino vagari vemaguta makuru vari kuwedzera kutendeukira kune ayo akasiyana zvivakwa, ane hupenyu hwakafanana nesquirrel inomhanya muvhiri. Mate anosimbisa uye anodziya, anonyaradza uye anodyisa, uye tsika dzekunwa dzinofanana netsika chaiyo - isinganzwisisike uye inoyevedza, seSouth America pachayo.
Mate anoonekwa nenzira yakakodzera sechinwiwa chekare pasi pano: sekutanga kwemireniyamu yechinomwe BC, maIndia ekuSouth America airemekedza sechipo kubva kuna vamwari. Kune ngano yemaIndia eParaguay nezve mat: neimwe nzira mwari ane maziso ebhuruu Paya Sharume akasarudza kuburuka kubva kuGomo reNyika kuenda kuPasi kuti aone kuti vanhu vanorarama sei. Iye nevakawanda vevaimuperekedza vake vakafamba kwenguva refu nemuselva, vasina chikafu nemvura, kusvika, pakupedzisira, vakaona imba iri yoga. Maive makagara harahwa nemwanasikana wavo aive akanaka zvaishamisa. Murume mukuru akakwazisa vaenzi nenyasha, akagovera huku yake yoga nokuda kwechirairo ndokugadzirira pokurara. Mangwana acho Paya Sharume akabvunza mudhara uyu kuti sei vaigarisana kwakadai. Mushure mezvose, musikana ane runako rusina kujairika anoda chikomba chakapfuma. Mudhara akapindura kuti kunaka kwemwanasikana wake ndekwamwari. Ashamiswa, Paya Sharume akafunga kutenda vaenzi vaigamuchira vaeni: akadzidzisa harahwa kurima, akapfuudza ruzivo rwokurapa kwaari, uye akashandura mwanasikana wake akanaka kuva chirimwa chichabatsira vanhu – kwete nerunako rwacho, asi nerunako. properties.
Muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, kuumbwa kweEuropean kondinendi kwakatanga, uye mamongi eSpanish maJesuit akadzidza nezve mat. Zvakabva kwavari izvo zvinwiwa zvakatora zita rayo rekare rekuti "mate", asi izwi iri rinoreva nhanga yakaomeswa - mati, kubva iyo "Paraguayan tii" inodhakwa. MaIndia eGuarani pachavo vakaritumidza kuti "yerba", zvinoreva kuti "uswa".
VaJesuit vaiona tsika yekunwa wavakaroorana naye mudenderedzwa setsika yadhiabhorosi, uye chinwiwa chacho chaitorwa semushonga wakagadzirirwa kuroya uye kuparadza, saka tsika yekudhakwa yakabviswa zvine utsinye. Saka, Padre Diego de Torres akataura kuti maIndia anonwa wavakaroorana naye kuitira kuti vabatanidze hukama hwavo nadhiabhori.
Nekudaro, imwe nzira kana imwe, mukwanyina sekuda kuziva akatanga kupinda muEurope nechekare pasi pezita rokuti "Jesuit tea".
Mai vacho vakarangarirwa zvakare mukati XIX zana remakore mushure mekutevedzana kwezvimurenga zverusununguko muSouth America: sechiratidzo chekuzivikanwa kwenyika, akatora nzvimbo yerukudzo patafura kwete yevanhuwo zvavo chete, asiwo yevatsva vearistocracy yeArgentina neParaguay. Iyo salon fashoni yekunwa mate yakazvarwa: kuravira kwechinwiwa mucala rine chivharo chakavharwa chaireva maitiro emukadzi wechidiki kumurume munyoro. Sweet mate neuchi zvaireva ushamwari, bitter wife yaireva kusava nehanya, mate with molasses aitaura nezvechishuwo chevanodanana.
Kune magaucho ari nyore uye vafudzi vanobva kuSouth America selva, mukwanyina agara ari chinopfuura chinwiwa chete. Aikwanisa kupedza nyota yake mumasikati makuru, achidziya usiku, achidyisa nesimba nokuda kworwendo rutsva rwemombe. Mutsika, gauchos akanwa murume anovava, akabikwa zvakasimba - chiratidzo chemurume chaiye, laconic uye akajaira hupenyu hwemanomadic. Sezvakataurwa nevamwe vatsvakurudzi vetsika dzeSouth America, zviri nani kuti gaucho imuke maawa maviri pamberi pezvaitarisirwa, kana ichingonwa yawakaroorana naye zvishoma nezvishoma.
Kune tsika dzakawanda dzekunwa, dzose dzinenge dziri munharaunda.
KuArgentina, mutengesi mukuru wechinwiwa nhasi, matepita chiitiko chemhuri chinoitirwa chete denderedzwa rakamanikana revanhu.
Uye kana wakakokwa kumumwe mukwanyina wamadekwana muArgentina, iva nechokwadi chokuti vanovimba newe uye vanokuona somudiwa. Itsika kuseka kutenderedza tafura, kugovera nhau, mumwe anotamba chinzvimbo chekubatanidza chinhu, nekuti jug yenhanga inopfuudzwa. Muridzi wemba pachake anobikira mukwanyina uye anotanga kupa kunhengo inoremekedzwa zvikuru yemhuri.
MuParaguay, kunwa kwekutanga kwewawakaroorana naye inyaya yakasiyana zvachose: uyo anotanga kuitora anoonekwa sebenzi. Munhu ari wose anenge aripo pakunwa chinwiwa anoramba ikoku nokushingaira, zvisinei, uyo ane “mugumo” wakadaro achagara achipfira mate papfudzi rake, achiti: “Handisi benzi, asi uyo anoregeredza.”
MaBrazilians, kune rumwe rutivi, vanobika shamwari mumudziyo mukuru, uye uyo anodira mukwanyina anonzi "cebador", ndiko kuti, "stoker", nevateereri. Iyo stoker inova nechokwadi chekuti pane nguva dzose huni nemarasha muchitofu, anewo basa rekuona kuti vaenzi vanogara vachinwa mubhomba.
Mumakore makumi matatu chete XX zana pameti zvakare akakwevera pfungwa kwete chete munyika yake. Masayendisiti eEurope aifarira chokwadi chokuti maArgentine gaucho panguva yekufambisa mombe kwenguva refu anogona kupedza zuva ari muchigaro, asina kuzorora, pasi pezuva rinopisa, achishandisa chete infusion yeParaguay holly. Mukufamba kwetsvakiridzo yakaitwa nePasteur Institute muParis, zvakazoitika kuti iyo mbishi yechirimwa isingaonekwe selva ine zvinenge zvese zvinovaka muviri uye mavhitamini munhu anoda zuva nezuva! Mashizha eParaguay holly ane vhitamini A, B mavhitaminzi, mavhitaminzi C, E, P, potasium, manganese, sodium, iron uye anenge 196 mamwe anoshanda trace elements! Iyi ndiyo "cocktail" inoita kuti mumwe wako ave chishandiso chakakosha mukurwisa kuneta kusingaperi, kushushikana, uye neurosis: inosimbisa uye inobvisa kusagadzikana panguva imwe chete. Mate inongodiwa kune vanhu vane matambudziko nekumanikidzwa: inowedzera yakaderera kudzvanywa, uye inoderedza yakakwira. Uye zvakare, mate chinwiwa chinonaka kwazvo chine sweetish uye panguva imwe chete tart manotsi.
Ndeipi nzira chaiyo yekubika shamwari? Nechinyakare, yakabikwa mumudziyo wakaomeswa gourd - maIndia ekuSouth Americamufonere asi kwamuri. MuRussia, zita rokuti "kalabas" kana "calabash" (kubva kuSpanish "pumpkin") ratora midzi. Inhanga, ine porous structure, iyo inopa mat iyo inonaka uye ino zivikanwa.
Asi pamberi pekutanga, calabash inoda kumutsidzirwa: nokuda kweizvi, mateti anodururirwa mukati maro (inenge hafu yechigadzirwa chakaoma pahosha), inodururwa nemvura uye yakasara kwemazuva maviri kusvika matatu. Izvi zvinoitwa kuitira kuti matannins ari mumateti "ashande kuburikidza" nechimiro cheporous chegourd uye achenese nekunhuhwirira kwakanyanya. Mushure menguva iyi, nhanga inocheneswa uye yakaomeswa. Kazhinji, kutarisirwa kwakakodzera kunodiwa kune calabash: mushure mematepita imwe neimwe, inofanira kunyatsocheneswa uye kuomeswa.
Chimwe chinhu chinodiwa kune matepiya akakodzera ibombilla - strainer chubhu iyo chinwiwa chinokweshwa zvishoma nezvishoma. Sechivanhu, inogadzirwa nesirivheri, iyo inobvisa hutachiona zvakakwana. Tichifunga nezvetsika yekuSouth America yekunwa wawakaroorana naye kubva kune imwe mudziyo mudenderedzwa, izvi zvinongodiwa. Tsvimbo inonyudzwa mumudziyo nechinwiwa, inotendeukira kumunwi. Kuifambisa kana kuiburitsa kunze hazvibvumirwe.
Uye, chokwadi, munhu haagoni kukundikana kutaura pave - mudziyo unokosha une spout yakamanikana umo ini ndinopisa mvura yemate. Mvura, pamwe chete nekugadzirira kwayo kwakakodzera, zvikamu zvinokosha zvekunwa kwakanaka. Mvura inofanira kuunzwa kumota, yozosiiwa kuti itonhore kusvika 70-80 degrees. Hongu, munyika yanhasi, zviri kuramba zvichinetsa kuwana wachi yevanonwira-nwira vakasununguka, asi mukwanyina anogonawo kugadzirwa muchina wechiFrench wenguva dzose. Zvechokwadi, "zest" yekunwa ichapera, asi izvi hazvizokanganisa zvinhu zvinobatsira zvechigadzirwa. Mate - tii yeIncas uye maJesuit, yakasarudzika cocktail yakasarudzika inopa vanhu Paraguay holly - chirimwa chisingaremekedze chiri kukura muArgentina selva inopiswa nezuva; chinwiwa cheushingi gauchos uye inoyevedza yeArgentina senoritas inogona kuwedzera kuwanikwa patafura yemugari wemetropolis. Zvechokwadi, mukati mehutano hwehupenyu hwemazuva ano, apo zvinhu zvose zvinokanganisa uye hazvisi pachena kuti kupi uye nei vari kukurumidza, hapasi nguva dzose nguva uye mukana wekunwa amai chaivo. Zvisinei, avo vakaonga calabash nebombilla mate havachakwanisi kunwa shamwari dzakagadzirirwa muchina wokudhinda wechiFrench. Imhando yekumhura. Snobbery, iwe unoti. Pamwe. Asi zvakanaka sei, kukweva mukwanyina nebhomba, zvifungidzire iwe segaucho akashinga, akatarisa kure kure kwehasha selva. PS