Mukati
World Tour of mothering practices
Munhu haatarisi mwana wake nenzira imwe cheteyo muAfrica sezvakaita kuNorway. Vabereki, zvichienderana netsika dzavo, vane tsika dzavo. Vanaamai vomuAfrica havaregi vana vavo vachichema usiku asi vari kunyika dzokuMadokero, zvinokurudzirwa (zvishoma kupfuura zvazvaimboita) kuti vasamhanye pavanotanga mwana wavo achangoberekwa. Kuyamwisa, kutakura, kubatwa nehope, kukwesha… Munyika yose yemaitiro emifananidzo…
Zvinyorwa: "Pakureba kwevacheche" naMarta Hartmann uye "Geography yemaitiro edzidzo nenyika nenyika" ne www.oveo.org
Copyright mapikicha: Pinterest
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Swaddle vana
Yakakurumbira zvikuru navanaamai vokuMadokero mumakore achangopfuura, iyi tsika yokurera vana haina kuonekwa zvakanaka kwemakumi emakore. Zvisinei, vacheche vokuMadokero vaiputirwa mumachira mukati memwedzi yokutanga youpenyu hwavo, vari mumachira avo, netambo namarabhoni akachinjika, kutozosvikira pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19. Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, vanachiremba vakashora nzira iyi yaifungidzirwa kwavari "yechinyakare", "isina utsanana uye pamusoro pezvose, izvo zvakakanganisa kusununguka kwekufamba kwevana". Zvino kwakauya zana remakore rechi21 uye kudzoka kwemaitiro ekare. Anthropologist Suzanne Lallemand naGeneviève Delaisi de Parseval, nyanzvi munyaya dzekubereka uye filiation, rakaburitswa muna 2001 bhuku rinonzi "Unyanzvi hwekugarisa vacheche". Vanyori vaviri vanorumbidza swaddling, achitsanangura kuti inosimbisa mwana achangoberekwa "nokumuyeuchidza nezvehupenyu hwake mu utero".
Mumagariro echivanhu akadai seArmenia, Mongolia, Tibet, China… vacheche havana kumborega kuputirwa zvinodziya kubva pakuzvarwa.
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Mwana achizuzuma achikotsira
MuAfrica, vanaamai havamboparadzani nomwana wavo muduku, kunyange usiku. Kurega mucheche achichema kana kumusiya ari oga mumba hazviitwe. Ukuwo, vanaamai vanogona kuita sevakaoma pakugeza nemwana wavo. Vanomupuruzira kumeso nemuviri zvine simba. Kumadokero, kwakasiyana zvikuru. Vabereki, pane kudaro, vachatora matanho asingagumi kuti "vasashungurudza" mwana wavo nezviito zvehasha. Kuti vararise mwana wavo muduku, vanaamai vokuMadokero vanofunga kuti vanofanira kugara vari voga muimba yakanyarara, murima, kuti vagone kurara zviri nani. Vachamuzunungusa nokumuimbira nziyo zvinyoro-nyoro. Mumarudzi eAfrica, ruzha rukuru, kuimba kana kuzunungusa ndeimwe yenzira dzekukotsira. Kuti vararise mwana wavo, vanaamai vokuMadokero vanotevedzera zvinorayirwa navanachiremba. Mukati mezana ramakore rechi 19, vanachiremba vevana vakashora kuzvipira kwavo kwakanyanyisa. Muzana remakore rechi20, hapasisina vacheche mumaoko. Vanosara vochema vorara vega. Mufungo unosetsa ungafunga vanaamai venzanga dzemadzinza, vanoberekesa mwana wavo zvachose, kunyange kana asiri kuchema.
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Kutakura vana
Mupasi rose, theivo vacheche vakagara vakatakurwa naamai vavo kumusana. Vachengetwa nemicheka muchiuno, machira ane mavara, machira, akaturikidzwa nezvisungo zvinochinjika, vacheche vanopedza maawa akawanda vachirwisana nomuviri waamai, vachirangarira upenyu hwechibereko. Vatakuri vevana vanoshandiswa nemhuri munharaunda dzechinyakare vanowanzovezwa kubva paganda remhuka uye vanonhuwirira nesafuroni kana turmeric.. Izvi zvinonhuwa zvinewo basa rinobatsira pamaturakiti ekufema kwevana. MuAndes, somuenzaniso, umo tembiricha inogona kuderera nokukurumidza, mwana anowanzovigwa pasi pemagumbeze akawanda. Mai vanomutora kwese kwaanoenda, kubva kumusika kuenda kuminda.
MuMadokero, machira okupfeka vana ave ari hasha dzose kwamakore gumi uye anotuswa zvakananga neiyi miitiro yechinyakare.
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Kukwiza mwana wako pakuzvarwa
Vanaamai vemapoka edzinza ari kure vanotarisira mwana wavo muduku, wose akapetana, pakuzvarwa. MuAfrica, India kana kuti Nepal, vacheche vanokwizwa uye vanotambanudzwa kwenguva refu kuti vatsvedzerere, kuvasimbisa, uye kuvaumba maererano nerunako rwedzinza ravo. Aya maitiro emadziteteguru nhasi anounzwa nenhamba yakanaka yevanaamai munyika dzekuMadokero vanove vateveri vekukwiza kubva mumwedzi yekutanga yemwana wavo.
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Kuva gaga pamusoro pemwana wako
Mutsika dzedu dzekumadokero. vabereki vanofara pamberi pevana vavo pavanenge vachiita chimwe chinhu chitsva: kupopota, kurira, kufamba kwetsoka, maoko, kumira, nezvimwewo. Vabereki vadiki vanosvika pakuisa pasocial network kaito kadiki kemwana wavo nekufamba kwenguva kuti munhu wese aone. Zvisinganzwisisike mumhuri dzechivanhu. Vanofunga, pane kudaro, kuti zvinogona kuunza ziso rakaipa mavari, kunyange zvikara. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei tisingaregi mwana achichema, kunyanya usiku, nekutya kukwezva zvisikwa zvemhuka. Marudzi mazhinji anotosarudza "kuvanza" mwana wavo mumba uye zita rake rinowanzochengetwa rakavanzika. Vana vanoumbwa, vakasvibirwa nenamo, izvo zvaizoita kuti kuchiva kwemidzimu kushoma. MuNigeria, somuenzaniso, hauyemurwi nemwana wako. Pane kudaro, inoderedzwa. Sekuru vanogona kutonakidzwa vachiti, “Hello misikanzwa! Haiwa iwe misikanzwa iwe! », Kumwana anoseka, pasina kunyatsonzwisisa.
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Kuberekwa
MuAfrica, zamu revakadzi nguva dzose rinosvikika, chero nguva, kuvana vasina kurumurwa. Vanogona nokudaro kuyamwa maererano nezvavanoda kana kuti kungotamba nezamu raamai. MuEurope, kuyamwisa kwakasangana nekukwira nekudzika kwakawanda. Munenge muzana remakore rechi19, mwana achangoberekwa akanga asingachabvumirwi kutora zamu chero nguva, asi kumanikidzwa kudya panguva dzakatarwa. Imwezve shanduko huru uye isati yamboitika: kurerwa kwevana vevabereki vanoremekedzwa kana vadzimai vemhizha dzemudhorobha. Zvino pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19, mumhuri dzakapfuma dzemabourgeois, vana nannies vakabhadharwa kumba kuti vatarisire vana mu "nursery" yechiRungu. Amai nhasi vakapatsanurwa zvakanyanya pakuyamwisa. Kune vanozviita kwemwedzi yakawanda, kubva pakuzvarwa kusvika kunyange kupfuura gore. Kune avo vanongokwanisa kupa zamu ravo kwemwedzi mishoma, nezvikonzero zvakasiyana: mazamu akanyura, kudzokera kubasa… Nyaya inokakavadzana uye inomutsa mafungiro akawanda kubva kuna amai.
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Kusiyana kwezvokudya
Vanamai munzanga dzechivanhu vanounza zvokudya zvisiri mukaka waamai nokukurumidza kuti vape vacheche vavo zvokudya. Mapfunde, mhunga, porridge yemufarinya, nhindi duku dzenyama, kana kuti makonye ane mapuroteni akawanda, vanaamai vanotsenga kurumwa vacho pachavo vasati vapa vana vavo. Aya ma“kurumwa” maduku anoitwa pasi pose, kubva kuvaInuit kusvika kuvaPapua. Kumadokero, musanganisi werobhoti akatsiva aya maitiro emadzitateguru.
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Madzibaba huku nemabhuru
Muchivanhu, mwana kazhinji anovigwa mumavhiki ekutanga azvarwa kuti azvidzivirire kumweya yakaipa. Baba havamubati pakarepo, uyezve, nokuti ane simba rinokosha "rine simba" kune achangoberekwa. Mune mamwe madzinza eAmazonian, vanababa “vanorera” vana vavo. Kunyange kana asingafaniri kukurumidza kumubata mumaoko, anotevera tsika yepaimba yemamongi. Anoramba akarara mune hammock yake, anotevera kutsanya kwakazara mazuva mashoma mushure mekuzvarwa kwemwana wake. Pakati pevaWayapi, muGuyana, iyi tsika inochengetwa nababa inobvumira simba rakawanda kupfuudzwa kumuviri womwana. Izvi zvinotiyeuchidza kurwisana kwevarume vokuMadokero, vanowana pondo, vanorwara kana kuti, mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa, vanoramba vakarara mukati memimba yevadzimai vavo.