Howa: kukosha kwezvikamu uye kushandiswa

Kunyangwe chokwadi chekuti mycology sebazi rebiology inodzidza fungi yakatanga pakati pezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, kuchine mibvunzo yakawanda isina kupindurwa. Saka, hazvisati zvanyatsojeka kana chinhu chekudzidza ndechechirimwa kana mhuka. Hazvina kuratidzwa kana miviri yezvibereko, iyo inonzi ine chepfu, ine ngozi. Hazvina kujeka zvachose kuti howa hunodyiwa hunogona kushandiswa sei. Pane zvimwe zvakawanda zvisina kuongororwa nezvekwakabva howa uye kushandiswa kwahwo nevanhu.

Pakutanga, zvaitendwa kuti nhoroondo yezvidzidzo zvehowa yakabva kuChina uye ine makore anopfuura zviuru zviviri. Zvisinei, munguva pfupi yapfuura, chimwe chiitiko chave chichinakidza chave chichizivikanwa munyika dzeEurope. MuTyrolean Alps, mumwe murume akaoma nechando akawanikwa mune chando chechando, ainzi Otsi. Zvaigoneka kumisa neradiocarbon nzira kuti uyu mugari wepasi redu akawira muhusungwa hweaizi makore 5300 apfuura. Chinonyanya kushamisa pakuwana uku ndechekuti howa hwakawanikwa nemurume wechinyakare uyu. Imwe yacho yainzi white fly agaric, yaigona kushanda sezango remunhu. Humwe howa hutatu hwakaomeswa nechando hwaive neasidhi yakafanana nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya pakurapa kwayo.

Zvikamu zvehowa uye mashandisiro azvo nemazvo zvinotsanangurwa zvakadzama muchinyorwa chino.

Ndezvipi zvikamu zvehowa dzomusango

Pakutanga, howa hwakarongwa semiti, asi muma1990 nekutanga kwema2000, zvakawanda zvakanyorwa pamusoro pekuti howa ndewenyika yemhuka. Izvi hazvishamise nekuti zvinhu zvakawanda zvinozvisanganisa nemhuka. Semuyenzaniso, masero masero efungi muchimiro cheplasmodium panguva yekuberekesa anogona kufamba nekumhanya kwe5 mm paawa.

Howa dzakakamurwa muzvikamu zvina maererano neukoshi hwekudya:

• 1st category - inonyanya kukosha uye inonaka yemasango emhando, inopa mushroom zvigadzirwa zvehutano hwakanaka (machena, mukaka howa, howa, Caesar mushroom).
• 2nd chikamu - yakanaka uye yakakosha howa dzepamusoro, asi kwete yakanakisa mhando (boletus, boletus, boletus, chanterelles, champignons, volnushki, uchi howa).
• 3rd chikamu - howa hunodyiwa hwepakati mhando uye kuravira (moss howa, russula, dema howa, chanterelles, valui),
• 4th category - yakaderera-kukosha masango howa (mitsara, cobwebs nevamwe).

Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti zvikamu zvemhando huru dzehowa zvinotsanangurwa uye zvinobvumirwa mu "Mitemo yehutsanana yekukohwa, kugadzirisa uye kutengeswa kwehowa SP 2.3.4.009-93". Kuziva kuti ndeupi chikamu chehowa, unogona kuronga mashandisirwo avo.

Chikamu chinotevera chechinyorwa chinotarisa mashandisiro anoita munhu howa.

Kubika uye kushandiswa kwemishonga kwehowa

Zvinoshamisawo kuti kushandiswa kwemasango matsva howa kunokwanisika gore rose, kusanganisira nguva yechando.

Howa chinhu chinoshamisa chechisikigo, chinangwa chavo chikuru muhupenyu hwevanhu ndeichi:

• Kushandiswa kwehowa mukugadzirira kwezvokudya zvinonaka, zvine utano uye zvisingadhuri (kwenguva yakareba muNyika Yedu, panguva yekutsanya, vaidya mukaka howa, chanterelles, uchi agarics, howa uye howa).
• Kubika uye zvinonaka zvegourmet ndiro dzinoshandiswa mumabiko uye pamisangano yepamusoro-soro.
• Kugadzirwa kwekuporesa uye mishonga yemishonga yevanhu, semuenzaniso, kubva kune raincoats (nekuda kwe hemostatic zvinangwa), nezvimwewo.
• Kushandiswa kwehowa mumishonga yekugadzirwa kwemishonga nemishonga pachiyero chemabhizimisi, somuenzaniso, kusikwa kweflammulin kubva muhowa yechando, ine anti-inflammatory uye antitumor effects.
• Howa dzakasiyana mune zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvinhu zvavo. Zvinhu izvi zvinoda kudzidzwa zvizere. Pane maonero emasayendisiti kuti howa ane zvinhu zvose zvinodiwa zvinobatsira uye mishonga yevanhu, asi zvimwe zvacho zvakanyatsodzidza. Mumakore achangopfuura, kufarira mumishonga yehowa kwakawedzera kakawanda. Chikonzero cheizvi chiri mukuwanikwa kwehuwandu hwezvivakwa zvitsva uye fungi ine anti-cancer uye anti-infective properties inogona kushandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemishonga inobatsira chero padanho rechirwere, semuenzaniso, mishonga yakavakirwa pane. birch chaga. Zvisinei, kune rumwe rutivi. Kushandiswa kwese howa zvisina tsarukano kwakatungamira kune chepfu, hallucinogenic kuratidzwa uye kunyange kufa.
• Kuwana kunakidzwa kubva "kuvhima howa". Nhasi, marudzi anopfuura miriyoni efungi anozivikanwa, ayo ane zana chete akaongororwa. Zvisikwa, sokunge zvakadaro, zvinotiudza: kudzidza uye kushandisa howa zvizere, asi zvine hunyanzvi! VaJapan vanotenda kuti kana ukadya magiramu 100 ehowa zuva rega rega, munhu haazombofi ane zvirwere zveoncological. Howa hunogona kuporesa, mishonga yakawanda inobatsira yakawanikwa kubva kwairi, uye yakatowanda haisati yaongororwa. Vanogona kuiswa muchetura, asi vanogonawo kurapwa. Howa dzakasiyana-siyana muzvinhu zvayo zvokuti zvinoratidzika kuti munhu anogona kuwana mishonga yekurapa chero chirwere mukati mavo, asi nokuda kweizvi zvakakosha kuenderera mberi nekutsvakurudza kwakazara. Mumwe anogona kukakavara kana kubvumirana nemafungiro emasayendisiti pamusoro pezvinhu zvemarudzi akawanda, asi chinhu chimwe chakajeka: simba rinobatsira rehowa rakakura. Nzvimbo iyi ine ramangwana rakanaka!

Munhu angashandisa sei howa hwemusango nemazvo

Nezvekukosha kwekudya uye kukosha kwekudya, howa haisi pasi penyama, asi mapuroteni avo akaoma kugaya uye anoda kwenguva yakareba kupisa kupisa uye kugaya. Izvi zvinoshanda kune marudzi mazhinji, asi kwete ese fungi. Asi kufananidzwa kwema macro- uye ma microelements ari mukati mawo kunounza pasina mubvunzo mabhenefiti, kunyanya munguva yechando. Kuvapo kwevhithamini uye yakakosha amino acids, kushayikwa kwayo kunokanganisa zvakanyanya kushanda kwemuviri, kazhinji, kunoita kuti kushandiswa kwehowa kusangofadza chete, asiwo kunobatsira.

Zvirambidzo zvinogona kuve nekuwedzerwa kwezvirwere zvegastrointestinal turakiti, kure gallbladder, chisingaperi pancreatitis uye cholecystitis. Iwe unofanirwa kugara uchienzanisa manzwiro kubva pachikafu chaunodya nemamiriro emukati nharaunda yako uye rationally kusvika gastronomic hobbies. Ipapo howa zvinonaka zvinounza mufaro mukuru uye kubatsirwa.

Kurapa kwe tembiricha nenzira ipi neipi hunoshandiswa howa mukubika hakuiti kuti howa huve husina ngozi kudyiwa nguva dzose. Saka, nguruve dzakatetepa dzinounganidza zvinhu zvine chepfu. Zvechokwadi, kubva pakushandiswa kumwe chete, kukanganisa kusina kunaka hakuonekwi, asi kwenguva refu inotungamirira kukuchinja kwekuumbwa kweropa uye kukanganisa kwemasero echiropa. Ndosaka nguruve dzakatetepa dzichinzi howa dzine chepfu.

Mamiriro acho ezvinhu akafanana nemitsetse yakajairika. Kubikira kwakajairika kwemaminetsi gumi nemashanu-15 uye kudonhedza mvura kunokubvumira kuti uzvishandise kamwe mudiki. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwavo kudzokorora kunotungamirira kumigumisiro yakaipa pamudumbu uye kuonekwa kwemarwadzo, saka ivo vanewo chepfu.

Vanhu vacho vane unyanzvi pakubika. Mabikirwo anopfuudzwa kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kuchizvarwa pakati pevagari vomumusha. Vagari vemuguta vanowedzera kumabikirwo echinyakare ruzivo rweresitorendi yezvekune dzimwe nyika, kunyanya zvekuItaly neJapan.