Noble wine mold - Botrytis cinerea
Waini inonyanya kukurudzira kuvimba, huchi kana goridhe rinopenya, inonhuhwirira isina kukurira, ine simba uye inopinda mukati, ndiyo iyo mazambiringa anowanikwa kubva kumazambiringa akabatwa nekuumbwa kwakanaka. Kuti asiyanise mamiriro aya emasumbu emuzambiringa kubva pakuora kunokuvadza, mold ine madota Botrytis cinerea inonzi "noble mold" kana "noble rot". Kana yarova mazambiringa machena ane utano, akaibva zvakakwana, inoomesa nyama yavo pasi peganda rakasimba kusvika pakuita kuti pave nehunyoro. Kana mold inobata ma berries asina kuibva akakuvadzwa nezvipembenene kana mvura inonaya, inoparadza ganda uye inobvumira mabhakitiriya anokuvadza kupinda munyama, inonzi grey mold, uye inogona kuva ngozi huru kune chirimwa. Iyo zvakare inotyora pigmentation yemabriji matsvuku anopenya, ichipa waini yakasviba greyish ruvara.
Waini dzakagadzirwa neBotrytis dzinosanganisira French Sauternes, iyo Hungarian Tokaj uye yakakurumbira yeGerman waini inotapira. Izvo hazvigone kuwanikwa gore rega rega, sezvo kukura kwemhando yakanaka kunoenderana nekusanganiswa kwekupisa uye hunyoro mumasikirwo mushure mekunge mazambiringa aibva. Mugore rakanaka, mazambiringa anotanga kukura, ane ganda gobvu anogona kubvumira Botrytis kuti iite basa rayo mamiriro okunze akaipa asati atanga; panguva imwecheteyo, ganda richaramba rakasimba pasi pesimba rinoparadza re mold, uye richadzivirirawo pulp yema berries kubva pakusangana nemhepo.
chakuvhe chakaisvonaka chinopinda muminda yemizambiringa nguva nenguva, uye kunyange pamasumbu ega ega kuita kwacho kuchava zvishoma nezvishoma. Boka rimwe chete rinogona kunge riine ma berries akasvava, akaumbwa, asi mamwe ma berries anogona kunge achiri kuzvimba neganda rebrown, akapfava nekutanga kuratidzwa kuforoma, uye mamwe ma berries anogona kunge akasimba, akaibva uye asingatombokanganiswi negreen fungus.
Kuti iyo inoyevedza mold ive nemhedzisiro yayo pahunhu hwewaini, ma berries ega ega anofanirwa kudzurwa kubva muboka nekukurumidza paanenge akaunyana zvakakwana, asi asina kuoma zvachose. Izvo zvinodikanwa kutora ma berries kubva kumuzambiringa mumwechete kakawanda - kazhinji kashanu, matanhatu, kanomwe kana kupfuura munguva iyo mune mamwe makore inotambanudzira kusvika kumwedzi. Panguva imwecheteyo, nguva imwe neimwe mazambiringa akakohwewa anoiswa pasi pekuvirisa kwakasiyana.
Zviviri zvakakosha zvimiro zvemhando dzakanaka zvinokanganisa chimiro uye kuravira kwewaini uye zvinogadzira mutsauko pakati pewaini neBotrytis uye waini inotapira yakagadzirwa kubva kumazambiringa akaomeswa mumoto wakajairika. Muchiitiko ichi asidi uye shuga zvinosanganiswa nekurasikirwa kwemvura, pasina kushandura kuumbwa kwemazambiringa, nepo Botrytis, ichidyisa asidi neshuga, inogadzira kuchinja kwemakemikari mumazambiringa, ichigadzira zvinhu zvitsva zvinoshandura bouquet yewaini. Sezvo mold ichidya acid yakawanda kupfuura shuga, acidity yewort inoderera. Mukuwedzera, Botrytis mold inogadzira chinhu chakakosha chinodzivirira kuvira kwedoro. Mune iyo inofanirwa kuwanikwa kubva kune zvishoma akaomeswa majiroji, ane kemikari yakagadzirwa yakaramba isina kuchinjwa, doro-resistant mbiriso mabhakitiriya anokwanisa kuvirisa shuga mudoro kusvika 18 ° -20 °. Asi kuwanda kweshuga mumazambiringa ane mold inoyevedza inoreva kuwanda kwakafanana kweforoma, iyo inokurumidza kudzivisa kuvirisa. Semuenzaniso, muSauternes waini, kuenzana kwakakwana kunowanikwa neshuga, iyo inokwanisa kushanduka kuva 20 ° doro. Asi nekuda kwekuita kwe mold fungus, kuvirisa kuchamira kare, uye waini ichave iine kubva ku13,5 ° kusvika 14 ° doro. Kana mazambiringa akakohwewa aine shuga yakawanda, kuvirisa kuchamira nekukurumidza, uye waini inotapira, ine doro rakaderera. Kana mazambiringa akakohwewa paanenge ane doro rinodhaka zvishoma kudarika 20 °, kuenzana kwewaini kuchavhiringidzika nekuda kwekunyanya kunwa doro uye kusava nekutapira.
Maitiro ekugadzira waini akasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. Semuyenzaniso, waini inotapira yeHungarian yeTokaj haisi waini yakachena ine mold yakanaka. Anowanikwa nekuwedzera mamwe mazambiringa ane mold yakanaka kune anofanira kuwanikwa kubva kune mamwe machena mazambiringa. MumaSauternes waini, mutsauko chete pamagadzirirwo avanoitwa ndeyekuti hapana nzira yekuparadzanisa yakaoma kubva kune dense, gobvu inofanirwa kuvirisa kusati kwatanga, saka muto unodururwa wakananga mumadhiramu. Kuvirisa kwayo kunonoka, pamwe nekucheneswa: waini yeChateau Yquem inotora makore matatu nehafu kuti ibvise waini isati yaiswa mubhodhoro. Uye mushure meizvozvo, inowanzogara yakadzikama zvachose kusvika zana remakore.