Mukati
tsananguro
Mhando yehoya oyster anonzi abalone, oyster kana howa hwehuni uye ndiwo mamwe eanowanikwa howa. Oyster howa anorimwa nevanhu pasirese, iyo howa inonyanya kufarirwa pakati pevarimi uye mudzimba imwe neimwe muSoutheast Asia, Europe ne Africa.
Kuzivikanwa kuri nekuda kwekureruka uye mutengo wakaderera wekurima, kugadzikana uye kugona kwehunyanzvi.
Oyster howa kapu ine nyama. Pakutanga, iri convex, uyezve inozotsvedza. Mune mienzaniso yakakura, ine chimiro cheganda (muchiLatin ostreatus - oyster) kunge oyster.
Iko pamusoro peye howa ngowani inotsvedza uye inopenya, wavy. Pakutanga kwekukura, chivharo hachizivikanwe kubva pagumbo. Iyo inotora chimiro chey oyster, uyezve inoshanduka kuita spatula kana fan fan nekukurumidza iyo howa painosvika pakukura. Kushungurudzika kunoumbwa kumusoro.
Oyster howa makumbo
Gumbo rakakora uye rakasimba. Iyo yakatetepa kubva kumusoro, uye inowedzera pazasi. Hwaro hwakafukidzwa nechena, chena pasi. Nzvimbo iyo kapu inosungirirwa pagumbo inogara iri eccentric, iri kure nepakati.
Hymenophore
Iwo ma gill akakora, matavi uye anomhanya pamwe nechikamu cheiyo peduncle. Iwo ma gill anotangira kubva kurimu-chena kusvika kune dzenzou-chena uye grey.
Oyster mushroom muchero muviri
Nyama yehowa yakafuta asi yakapfava. Ruvara ruchena, hwema hunofadza, kuravira kunotapira. Iyo howa haina kunyanya kunhuhwirira uye inenge isina hwema.
Mushroom color sarudzo
Ruvara rwechivharo cheoyster howa hwakatangira kubva kune rima grey pamwe nepepuru tints kune ruvara rwechiedza uye kunyange nerima hazelnuts.
Izwi rinotora howa rakasviba-rakasviba, rakatsvukuruka-rakatsvuka, kubva kune nhema-violet kuenda kubhuruu-bhuruu padanho rekupedzisira rekukura kwe fetus. Asati afa, howa hunoshanduka kuchena uye kuchena.
Gumbo rakagadzirwa zvakanaka uye rakapfupika. Nekuda kweiyo isina kujairika cylindrical chimiro, iyo howa inoita kunge squat.
Oyster howa kuibva nguva
Iyo nguva yekukura uye kuunganidzwa kwehowa ndeye matsutso-chando. Kazhinji oyster howa hunobereka michero mukupedzisira kwematsutso, uye mwaka wekukura unowedzerwa kusvika muchirimo. Iyo budiriro inomiswa nechando, asi kana mamiriro ekunze achidziya, howa hunokurumidza kutangazve kukura.
Oyster howa pekugara
Oyster mushroom isaprophyte fungus uye chete apo neapo chisvetasimba fungus. Iyo inobatana ne stumps yemapoparar uye mulberries. Oyster howa hunokura mumapoka madiki, padhuze nepadhuze. Kazhinji, howa ngowani dzinoiswa pamusoro peumwe, semasimbi padenga.
Aya mafungi anokura pamatanda kunyangwe pakureba kwakakura kubva pasi. Dzinokura pamiti inodonha uye isingawanzo coniferous miti. Oyster howa zvakajairika mumapaki eguta, padivi pemigwagwa nemigwagwa mikuru. Iyi howa inokura kubva pamapani kusvika kumakomo uye hapana matambudziko mukuzadza howa hwehoya.
Oyster howa yakapararira mumasango mazhinji ane hunyanzvi uye anodziya pasi rese, howa haureri muPacific Northwest yeNorth America. Iyo saprophyte inowanzoora huni dzakafa, kunyanya kudzvara uye kudyara beche.
Oyster howa zvakare iri imwe yeashoma anozivikanwa anodya howa. Iyo mycelium inouraya uye inogaya nematodes, ayo biologist anotenda ndiyo nzira iyo fungus inowana nitrogen.
Howa hweoyster hunokura munzvimbo zhinji, asi mamwe marudzi anokura mumakoloni chete pamiti.
Fungus iyi inowanzo kukura pamiti inofa yemiti, inoshanda kwavari chete saprophytic, uye kwete parasitically. Sezvo muti unofa kubva kune zvimwe zvikonzero, oyster howa inogamuchira huwandu huri kukura nekukurumidza huni dzakatofa uye dzinofa dzekukura. Oyster howa anonyatso batsira sango, kuora huni dzakafa, uye kudzorera zvakakosha uye zvicherwa kune ecosystem muchimiro chinogona kushandiswa nezvimwe zvirimwa uye zvipenyu.
Kukura oyster howa kumba
Nekukura howa, zvitoro zvinotengesa mabhokisi / mabhegi ane substrate uye oyster howa spores uye zviri nyore kukura kumba.
Kurima howa kunogutsa uye kunobatsira kubhajeti yemhuri. Pane nzira mbiri dzekukura iyi neumwe howa. Nzira yekutanga ndeye "manual" kurima pasi mubindu remuriwo kana greenhouse. Yechipiri, yakakurudzirwa imwe, ndeye "maindasitiri" kurima uchishandisa substrates (mabhero) akatogadzirirwa nemabhizinesi ekushandisa pamba.
Kukura oyster howa nemaoko "pasi"
Mumwe anofanirwa kucheka matanda mumwaka unotonhora, pamwe kubva papoplar, aine dhayamita inopfuura makumi maviri cm. Nguva yechando yakakosha nekuti muti unofanirwa kurega kukura. Mushure mekuchekerera, stumps anochengetwa munzvimbo ine mumvuri munzvimbo yakatwasuka yakamirira kushandiswa, iyo inowanzoitika pakati paApril naJune.
wobva wadimbura masendimita makumi matatu kubva pamatanda, makomba mita imwe paupamhi uye 30 cm yakadzika anoburitswa. Isa dura rehowa mycelium pazasi pegomba, uye vertiki tsvaga hunde uye uiswe pamusoro. Ipapo imwe nhete ye mycelium uye trunk, zvichingodaro. Vhara chikamu chepamusoro nemapuranga uye udururire masendimita gumi nemashanu evhu.
Kupisa nehunyoro zvinovaka mukati megomba zvichaita kuti zvive nyore kuti mycelium ipararire pamusoro pematanda mukati. MunaGunyana, hunde dzinobviswa uye dzinovigwa imwe panguva ne 15 cm, chinhambwe chemasendimita makumi matatu kubva kune mumwe. Mushure memazuva angasvika makumi maviri, oyster howa inotanga kukura, iyo inodzokorora mune yega yega mwaka unotevera.
Kukura oyster howa pane yeindasitiri substrate mumabhegi
Iyi nzira yekurima, iyo munhu wese anoshandisa zvakanaka mumba chaimo, pasina chikonzero chekuchera pasi kana nzvimbo yemahara muyadhi.
Muchiitiko ichi, haufanire kushandisa isina kutemwa matanda, asi mabhegi ane substrate ine mashanga kubva muchibage, gorosi uye bhinzi. Ichi chigadzirwa chinovharirwa netsika dzemycelium ndokuzoiswa mumudziyo wepurasitiki.
Bhawa rakagadzirwa nenzira iyi rakagadzirira incubation, nguva ino inotora mazuva angangoita makumi maviri uye inoitika munzvimbo ine tembiricha ingangoita 20 ° C. Panongopinda mycelium inopinda muhomwe yese neiyo substrate, bvisa plastiki nenzvimbo. bhegi rakaiswa pasherefu munzvimbo ine zuva kana yakavhenekerwa uye inochengetedza tembiricha ingangoita 25 ° C.
Oyster howa inokura mumatunhu mumasaga e substrate. Iyo yekukura nguva inokanganisika kukanganiswa nekudonha mukamuri tembiricha.
Ko oyster howa inonaka sei?
Yakabikwa oyster howa ane akatsetseka, oyster-kunge dhizaini, uye vamwe vanhu vanotaura nezve zvishoma gungwa kuravira. Gourmets anotenda kuti oyster howa ane hwema hwekunaka hweanise.
Ose mavhiri ari mashoma uye kazhinji haaonekwe mushure mekuwedzera howa kukosi kosi. Muzhinji, oyster howa ane hunyoro kuravira neine zvishoma pasi pasi.
Oyster howa mabikirwo
Iyo gastronomic kufarira mushwa kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zviviri. Chekutanga pane zvese, zvakanaka kurongeka. Chechipiri, oyster howa zviri nyore kukura.
Oyster howa hwakagadzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana. Hwaibheka, hwahwa hwowa hwakajairika mune akawanda macuisine kutenderera pasirese. Semutemo, oyster howa dzinokorwa, dzakabikwa nebhotela, kana kupiswa. Ivo zvakare vanonaka kuravira pavanochengetwa mumafuta.
Nyanzvi dzekugadzirira dzinokurudzira kurasa gumbo, nekuti harisi nyoro uye rakaomarara. Oyster howa hunoshambwa nekuchekwa, senge mamwe marudzi ese howa.
Fried oyster howa
Oyster howa akakosha kune panning pamwe kana pasina zvimwe zvekudya. Iwo zvakare akanyatso sorwa senge iwo akange ari cutlets, kunyanya kana iwo ari akapfava madiki emhando.
Oyster howa mumwaka
Mushure mekubika kwemaminetsi mashoma, howa iwe unogona kuidya, yakarungwa nemafuta, ndimu, munyu uye mhiripiri.
Yakakungwa oyster howa
Mushure memaminetsi mashoma ekugadzirira-kubika, iwe unofanirwa kudurura howa nemayonnaise uye yakarungwa neparsley uye zvakachekwa zvakasvibirira hanyanisi. Kuti ubike oyster howa yeiyi nzira, wedzera vhiniga nemunyu uye mhiripiri mumvura. Nyanzvi chefidzi dzinokurudzira kushandisa zvidiki zvienzaniso.
Oyster howa mumafuta
Oyster howa, kana ukaiswa mumafuta kana vhiniga, chengetedza iwo nyama. Kutenda kune ino chivakwa, oyster howa akakodzera kuzadza, saradhi saradhi uye mamwe mabikirwo.
Howa hwakaomeswa oyster
Aya howa akakodzerana nekuomesa nekukuya. Mune ino kesi, zvinokurudzirwa kuwedzera howa hwehupfu hwakawanda kwazvo kupfuura oyster howa kune musanganiswa.
Kukosha kwehutano hweoyster howa
Kwemagiramu zana ehowa, pane:
38 calories
15-25 g yeprotein;
6.5 g makabhohaidhiretsi;
2.2 g mafuta;
2.8 g faibha;
0.56 mg thiamine;
0.55 MG riboflavin;
12.2 mg niacin;
phosphorus 140 MG;
28 mg calcium;
1.7 mg simbi.
Oyster howa ane akasiyana siyana ezvehutano uye zvemushonga zvimiro. Kufanana nehowa hwakawanda hunodyiwa, iwo manyuko akanaka epuroteni, makabhohaidhiretsi uye faibha uye ane mafuta mashoma. Kuumbwa kwemamineral ehwahowa kunosiyana zvichienderana nemhando uye ma substrates anoshandiswa.
Semutemo, oyster howa hune zvinotevera zvicherwa: Ca, Mg, P, K, Fe, Na, Zn, Mn uye Se. Izvowo zvinobva mavitamini B1 uye B2, thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine uye niacin.
Kurapa kukosha kweiyo oyster howa
Oyster howa inoonekwa sechikafu chinoshanda nekuda kwekugona kwavo kuita zvine hutano pahutano hwevanhu. Mamwe mapepa esainzi anoshuma nezvemaantimicrobial uye antiviral zvivakwa zveoyster howa. Methanol yavo yakadzora kukura kweBacillus megaterium, S. aureus, E. coli, Candida glabrata, Candida albicans, uye Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Ubiquitin, mapuroteni antiviral, inowanikwawo mumuviri weoyster mushroom muchero. Kunyanya, fungi ine ribonucleases, iyo inoparadza majini ehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hweHIV (HIV). Iyo protein lectin, yakasarudzika kubva kune oyster mushroom inobereka muviri, ine maitiro akafanana.
Polysaccharides yakawanikwa kubva kuoyster howa mycelium inoratidza antitumor chiitiko. Vanachiremba vakaona kuderera kwe76% mumatumbu maseru apo polysaccharide yaiiswa mukati-kati kubva mutsika muto kuenda kune veSwitzerland albino mbeva.
Izvo zvinocherechedzwa kuti oyster mushroom mushoma wakaratidza antitumor chiitiko kurwisa mamwe marudzi esarcomas yemapapu nemuromo wechibereko. Izvo zvinonzi zvakare iyo nhanho yeantioxidants mumitumbi inobereka iri pamusoro kana ichienzaniswa neimwe howa hwekutengesa.
Oyster howa zvakare anoratidza hypolipidemic uye antihyperglycemic zvivakwa. Mevinolin inoderedza cholesterol mazinga. Uye zvakare, chigadzirwa chinogadzirwa kubva kune oyster howa hwekushandisa mune antidiabetic mushonga. Chidzidzo chakawana kuti kumedzwa kwemumuromo kweanorowa mushoma weoyster howa mune chirwere cheshuga mbeva dzakadzora ropa rerukosi.
Mhando dzakawanda dzeyistiyowa howa dzine zvipenga zvinoshanda semaglucans, vhitamini C uye phenol, izvo zvinowedzera kuita kweimwe enzymes inoderedza chiropa cell necrosis. Oyster mushroom anotora akanziwo adzikire BP, ane immunomodulatory uye anti-kukwegura zvivakwa.
Howa uhu hunokurudzira kuonda. Oyster howa, nekuda kwehuwandu hweprotein uye yakaderera mafuta uye carbohydrate yemukati, inobatsira mukurasikirwa. Saka, kana uri kurasikirwa nehuremu, iva nechokwadi chekuisa howa oyster mukudya kwako.
Oyster howa kukuvadza
Izvo zvinobatsira zveoyster howa hazvirambike uye zvakawanda. Asi howa uhwu hunogonawo kukuvadza vanhu.
Chiratidzo chiri pachena chekuti muviri hautore howa hwey oyster muhuwandu hwakawanda marwadzo emudumbu mushure mekunge munhu adya howa mune chero chimiro, chakakangwa kana chakabikwa. Iko hakuna kumwe kupokana kwakanangana. Kushaikwa kwekuzvidzora muchikafu chiratidzo chekuti anodya akanganwa nezvechivi chemakaro, uye kwete mhedzisiro yehowa. Muhuwandu hwakawanda, oyster howa hunodzvinyirira kuputika, kuwedzera gasi kugadzirwa mumatumbu, kunotungamira kuita manyoka uye zvimwe zvinokanganisa dyspeptic.
Ose howa, kusanganisira oyster howa, zvinotora nguva yakareba kugaya munzira yekugaya. Izvi zvakanaka kuti muviri utore zvakawanda zvinovaka muviri, asi zvakaipa kune dumbu rakaomarara. Oyster howa anokonzeresa kurwadziwa munzvimbo yepigastric muvana nevakuru.
Oyster howa ane allergenic kune zvisirizvo zvipenyu. Naizvozvo, ivo vanoshandiswa nehungwaru kune chikafu chekudya.
Kufanana nehumwe hwumwe howa, oyster howa anodyiwa chete mushure mekushisa kwekupisa, sezvo chitin mune yakasviba howa ine njodzi kuvanhu.