Inotarisira kuvharwa kwemate, kune marudzi maviri ematehwe emate: mazamu makuru emate uye anowedzera salivary glands. Vanogona kuva nzvimbo yehutachiona kana hutachiona hwehutachiona, lithiasis, benign tumors kana, kazhinji kacho, maronda akaipa. Magomarara ematehwe emate zvechokwadi magomarara asingawanzo.

Kune marudzi maviri ematehwe emate:

• accessory glands, iri mumucheka wemuromo wemuromo uye rurimi. Izvo zviduku muhukuru uye zviri nyore mukugadzirisa;
• iyo huru salivary glands, iri kunze kwemadziro emuromo wemuromo. Zvikuru, inhengo dzemunhu mumwe nomumwe dzine chimiro chakaoma. Izvo zvinoumbwa nezvikamu zvepachivande uye vamwe, excretory.

Pakati peiyo huru salivary glands tinogona kusiyanisa:

• parotid glands iri pamberi kwenzeve, padama. Naizvozvo kune maviri. Mugero wavo unovhura kumeso kwemukati wedama, pamwero wemolars;
• iyo submandibular glands iri pasi peshaya. Mugero wavo unovhurika pedyo nefrenulum yerurimi;
• the sublingual glands inowanikwa pasi perurimi. Canal yavo inovhurawo pedyo nefrenulum yerurimi.

Iwo salivary glands anobudisa mate. Sechiyeuchidzo, mate musanganiswa wemvura, electrolytes, desquamated masero uye serous secretions, kusanganisira enzymes. Mate anozadzisa mabasa akasiyana: anochengetedza hydration yemukanwa, anotora chikamu mumatanho ekutanga ekugaya nekuda kwema enzymes, anovimbisa basa reantibacterial nekuda kwemasoja ekudzivirira.

Mazamu makuru emate anoburitsa mate mukupindura kurudziro ukuwo matinji anowanikwa achiramba achibuda.

Salvary gland lithiasis (sialolithiasis)

Matombo anogona kuumba mumate ducts eimwe ye submandibular glands kazhinji kazhinji. Dzinovhara kuyerera kwemate, zvichikonzera kuzvimba kusingarwadzi kwesadza remate. Icho chinonzi benign pathology.

Hutachiona hutachiona

Kana mate akamira mugland nekuda kwechipingamupinyi pakubuda kwayo (lithiasis, kuderera kwegomba), inogona kutapukirwa. Izvi zvinonzi sialitis kana glandular infection, parotitis apo parotid gland inobatwa uye submandibulitis kana zvasvika kune submandibular gland. Gland rinobva razvimba, kusimba, kurwadza. Pus inogona kuonekwa, pamwe chete nefivha.

Juvenile recurrent parotitis

Imwe mhando yeparotitis inobata vana nevechiri kuyaruka, ivo vanodzokororwa hutachiona hwehutachiona hweimwe kana maviri parotid glands. Iyo njodzi ndeye, munguva refu, kuparadzwa kwe glandular parenchyma (masero anoumba secretory tissue).

Utachiona hutachiona

Mavhairasi mazhinji anogona kusvika kumate, kunyanya parotid glands. Chinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndechemupumburu, paramyxovirus inozivikanwa sehutachiona hwe "mumps" iyo inotapurirwa nyore nyore kuburikidza nemate. Mapundu anoratidzwa nekuzvimba kunorwadza kweimwe kana kuti ese ari maviri marara eparotid, kurwadziwa nzeve, kurwadziwa kwehuro, fivha, uye kuneta kwakanyanya. Kazhinji munyoro muvana, chirwere chinogona kutungamirira kumatambudziko muvechiri kuyaruka, vakuru uye vakadzi vane pamuviri: meningitis, kunzwa kurasikirwa, pancreatitis, testicular kukuvadza kunogona kutungamirira kukushaya mbereko. Mushonga weMMR ndiyo nzira yakanakisa yekudzivirira mambure.

Pseudo-allergic sialitis

Zvisinganyanyi kuzivikanwa uye zvinowanzo tungamira mukudzungaira kwekurapa, pseudo-allergic sialitis inozviratidza nekuzvimba kunorwadza kweimwe kana anopfuura mazamu emate panguva yekudya kana kusimudzira kana kunhuwa, kunoperekedzwa nekukwenya kukuru. Zvikonzero zvechirwere ichi hazvisati zvazivikanwa nhasi.

Benign mapundu

Mazhinji mamota emu salivary ane benign. Ivo vanowanzo funga nezve parotid glands. Ivo vanotaridzika senge yakasarudzika, yakasimba, inofambisa uye isingarwadze nodule inokura zvishoma nezvishoma.

Bundu rinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye pleomorphic adenoma. Inogona kupfuurira kuva bundu rakashata, asi makore 15 kusvika ku20 bedzi pashure pokunge yaoneka. Mamwe mamota anorwara aripo: monomorphic adenoma, oncocytoma uye cystadenolymphoma (bundu raWarthin).

Marignant tumors - kenza dzesalivary glands

Marignant salivary gland tumors inoratidzira seyakaoma, nodular mass, kazhinji inonamatira kune iri padyo nenyama, ine rondedzero isina kutsanangurwa. Aya mamota asingawanzo (zviitiko zvisingasviki 1/100), anomiririra isingasviki 000% yemamota emusoro nemutsipa. Metastatic evolution inoonekwa mune inenge 5% yezviitiko.

Mamota egomarara akasiyana emuma salivary glands aripo. The latest classification of the World Health Organization (2005) nokudaro inoziva 24 akasiyana marudzi akashata epithelial tumors uye 12 mhando dzebenign epithelial tumors. Heano makuru:

• mucoepidermoid carcinoma igomarara rinonyanya kupararira rematepi. Iyo inowanzobata parotid gland, kazhinji kacho submandibular gland kana diki salivary gland yemukanwa;
• Adenoid cystic carcinoma ndiyo yechipiri inonyanya kuzivikanwa mhando yebundu. Iyo inowanzo kanganisa iyo inowanikwa salivary gland uye inogona kupararira kune tsinga kumeso. Zvichienderana nemhando yemasero emukenza, mutsauko unoitwa pakati pecribriform adenoid cystic carcinoma (inonyanya kuzivikanwa), yakasimba adenoid cystic carcinoma uye tuberous adenoid cystic carcinoma;
• salivary duct carcinoma kazhinji inokanganisa parotid gland. Inokurumidza kukura uye ine utsinye, inopararira nyore nyore kune lymph nodes;
• acinar cell carcinoma inowanzokanganisa parotid gland, dzimwe nguva zvose zviri zviviri;
• primary lymphomas ye salivary glands haiwanzoitiki.

Mamwe marudzi e salivary gland tumors aripo, asi ari mashoma.

Hutachiona hutachiona

Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inorayirwa. Kuongorora kwe ultrasound kunoitwa kuti kuve nechokwadi chekuporesa kwakakwana kwegland.

Utachiona hwehutachiona

Nzeve dzinowanzopora dzoga mukati memazuva gumi. Sezvo hutachiona huri hwehutachiona, hapana mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inodiwa. Kupisa uye kurwadziwa chete zvinogona kurapwa ne antipyretics kana analgesics.

Utachiona hwehutachiona hwematehwe emate hunogona kuve hwechipiri kune hutachiona hwehutachiona. Zvinozoda kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya.

Salivary lithiasis

Matombo eSalvary anowanzoenda nerubatsiro rwekugara uchikwiza kwe salivary gland. Kana zvikaramba zviripo, sialendoscopy (endoscopy yemadonho uye salivary glands) inogona kuitwa. Imwe nzira, inonzi extracorporeal lithotripsy, inosanganisira kupatsanura matombo neextracorporeal shock waves.

Sialectomy (chiito chekuvhiya chinosanganisira kuvhura nzira yemate kuti ibvise karukusi) yakaitwa zvishoma nezvishoma kubva pakagadzirwa matekiniki maviri aya.

Pseudo-allergic sialitis

Utungamiri hunotanga nekurapa kwekurwiswa kwemavhiki maviri kubatanidza bi-antibiotic therapy, corticosteroid therapy, antispasmodics, antiallergics uye benzodiazepine. Kurapa kwenguva refu kunobva pane isina simba corticosteroids uye antiallergic inozonyorwa.

Benign mapundu

Kurapa kwemapundu akaipa kuvhiya. Inofanira kunge yakazara uye ine muganho wekuchengetedza kudzikamisa njodzi yekudzokorora.

Kanzera mamota

Kurapwa kwematumbu egomarara resalivary kuvhiyiwa kune muganho muhombe wekuchengeteka, dzimwe nguva kunoteverwa neradiotherapy kune mamwe magomarara. Zvichienderana nekupararira, lymph nodes mumutsipa dzimwe nguva inobviswa. Chemotherapy haina kuratidzwa, kunze kwezviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki.

Kufungidzira kunosiyana zvichienderana nemhando yegomarara, kupararira kwayo, danho rekukura uye kubudirira kwekuvhiyiwa.

Kunowanzo kuvepo kwehuwandu hunoita kuti murwere abvunze chiremba wake mukuru kana chiremba wake weENT. Kutarisana nebundu mune salivary gland, kuongororwa kwakasiyana-siyana kunogona kurongerwa:

• kuongororwa kwekliniki kuti uongorore kuyerwa kwechirwere, kuwedzera kwenharaunda uye kwenharaunda nekutsvaga cervical lymphadenopathy (lymph nodes);
• x-ray inoratidza matombo;
• sialography inosanganisira kubayisa chigadzirwa chakasiyana mugomba remate kuti riite opaque. inonyanya kushandiswa pakuongorora zvirwere zvinotapukira zvesalivary glands;
• kuongorora kweanatomo-pathological yemuenzaniso muchiitiko chemakumbo; kusimbisa kuongororwa kweiyo inouraya neoplasia, tsanangura iyo histological type uye kana zvichibvira giredhi rayo;
• MRI, kana kukundikana kuti ultrasound kana CT scan;
• a CT scan yemutsipa uye thorax kuti utarise zvinogona kuitika metastatic kubatanidzwa.