Mukati
Mabhuku ake akave emhando yepamusoro, uye mafirimu anobva paari akapinda muhomwe yegoridhe yenyika cinema. Ndira 3 Tolkien mafani anopemberera zuva rake rekuzvarwa. Mhuri murapi Jason Whiting anotaura nezve rudo rukuru rwemunyori wechiRungu uye mukadzi akazove museum wake kwehupenyu.
Mabasa aJohn Ronald Reuel Tolkien anoverengwa pasi rose. Zvaanofarira, magnomes uye mamwe mavara anoyevedza akachinja chiso chemabhuku epasirese uye tsika. Asi chii chatinoziva nezverudo rukuru muhupenyu hwake?
“Aive mwana anoshamisa airatidza matarenda anoshamisa. Aida ngano nengano, kutamba chess, kudhirowa madhiragoni, uye akanga atanga mitauro yakawanda pazera remakore mapfumbamwe,” anodaro murapi wemhuri Jason Whiting, munyori webhuku rinotaura nezveukama. -Munhu wese anoziva kuti aive nechipo, asi vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti Tolkien werudo asingagoneki aive chii. Bhuku rake Beren and Lúthien rakabuda muna 2017, makumi emakore mushure mekufa kwemunyori, asi rinotaura nyaya iri padyo nemoyo wake. Inyaya yerudo uye kuzvipira, yakafemerwa nechido chaTolkien kumukadzi wake Edith.
Hushamwari hwakachinja kuva rudo
Tolkien akakurira muEngland mukutanga kwema1900 mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, afirwa nababa naamai vake pakati pekuyaruka. Achitorwa achidzidziswa nemupristi weCatholic, Baba Francis, Ronald mudiki aive akasurukirwa uye airatidza kunakidzwa nekufungisisa nekufungisisa. Pazera ramakore 16, iye nomukoma wake vakatamira mufurati duku. Mumba umu maigara mumwe musikana akashandura hupenyu hwaRonald hwese.
Edith Brett akanga atova nemakore 19 panguva iyoyo. Aiva nemaziso machena machena uye kugona kuimba. Ronald akadanana uye akakwanisa kumutsa kufarira kwaEdith. Nyaya yehushamwari hwemusikana nehama dzeTolkien yakatanga. Whiting anotsanangura kuti Ronald akavhura sei fafitera ndokudzikisa tswanda pasi netambo, uye Edith akaiisa nezvikafu, achipa nherera zvokudya. “Kukurumidza kupera kwakadaro kwezvokudya kunofanira kunge kwakafadza Mai Faulkner, muchengeti womusikana wacho, sezvo Edith akanga ari mutete uye mutete, uye kureba kwake kwaingova masendimita 152 bedzi.”
Chirungu Romeo naJuliet
Edith naRonald vakapedza nguva yakawanda vari pamwe chete. Vaiziva nzira yekuseka uye kunyengedza semwana - somuenzaniso, pavakasangana muimba yetii padenga reimba muBirmingham, vakakanda machuru eshuga muheti dzevapfuuri.
Kutaurirana kwavo kwakakanganisa zvakanyanya Baba Francis naMai Faulkner vaive vakasvinura, avo vaviri ava vakatora zita remadunhurirwa rekuti "chembere iyi." The Moral Guardians vakaona hukama hwacho husina kufanira uye vakagumbuka kuti Ronald akanzvenga chikoro. Vadikani vekuda vakauya nemuridzo wezvimiso, wakashanda sezviratidzo zvekufona kuti vataure nepahwindo husiku.
Chokwadi, kurambidzwa uye zvipingamupinyi hazvina kuvamisa, vaifanira kuita nhamburiko dzokurangana. Kumwe kupera kwevhiki, Ronald naEdith vakabvumirana kusangana kumaruwa. Uye kunyangwe vakatora matanho uye vakatodzokera vakasiyana, mumwe wevaizivana navo akavaona ndokuzivisa baba Francis. Uye kubva panguva imwecheteyo Tolkien akakundikana bvunzo dzekupinda kuOxford, muchengeti wake akaomerera pakuzorora naEdith uye kuti jaya rakazoisa pfungwa pazvidzidzo zvake.
Muchengeti aive muboka: Ronald haafanire kuonana naEdith mumakore matatu anotevera
Nekudaro, zvakange zvisingaite kuparadzanisa vaviri ava, uye vakaronga zvakare zuva, vakasangana muchivande, vakakwira chitima ndokutizira kune rimwe guta, kwavakaenda kuchitoro chezvishongo kuti vawane zvipo zvemazuva ekuzvarwa - musikana akasvitsa makore makumi maviri nerimwe, Ronald - 21. Asi panguva ino zvakare paive nechapupu kumusangano wavo, uye zvakare Baba Francis vakaziva nezve zvese. Panguva ino aive akasarudzika: Ronald haafanire kuonana naEdith kwemakore matatu anotevera, kusvika zuva rekuzvarwa kwake makumi maviri nerimwe. Kune vadikani vechidiki, iyi yaive shasha chaiyo.
Tolkien akaora mwoyo, asi akateerera murayiro wemuchengeti wake. Mumakore matatu akatevera, akapasa bvunzo dzake dzekukoreji ndokugara muOxford, achitamba rugby uye achidzidza chiGothic, Anglo-Saxon neWelsh. Zvisinei, achipinda muupenyu hwomudzidzi, haana kukanganwa nezvaEdith wake.
Return
Manheru ekuzvarwa kwake makumi maviri nerimwe, Ronald akagara pamubhedha akatarisa wachi yake. Pakangosvika pakati peusiku, akatanga kunyora tsamba kuna Edith, achizivisa rudo rwake uye achida kumuroora. Mazuva anoverengeka efunganyo akapfuura. Tolkien akagamuchira mhinduro nemashoko anotyisa ekuti Edith wake akanga avimbiswa "nejaya rinovimbisa". Nezvimiro zvenguva iyoyo, akanga ava kuchembera - akanga ava kuda kusvika makore makumi maviri nemana - uye yakanga yava nguva yekuroora. Mukuwedzera, musikana wacho akafunga kuti mumakore matatu Ronald akangokanganwa nezvake.
Tolkien akasvetukira pachitima chekutanga kuenda kuCheltenham. Edith akasangana naye pachiteshi ndokubva vafamba vachitevedza viaduct. Kuda kwake kwakanyungudutsa mwoyo wemusikana, uye akabvuma kurega kubatanidzwa ne "anovimbisa" chikomba ndokuroora mudzidzi asingazivikanwi uyo akaratidza kufarira Beowulf uye mitauro.
“Chiedza Chinopenya…”
Maererano nevanyori voupenyu, muchato wavo wakazadzwa nomufaro nokuseka. VaTolkiens vaiva nevana vana. Pane imwe nguva, imwe nyaya yakaitika kune vadikani vakasiya mucherechedzo wakadzama mumweya waRonald uye vakapfuura nemabasa ake ese senzira yekufambisa.
Vakafamba nesango vari pamwe chete nomudzimai wavo ndokuwana nzvimbo inoyevedza ine machakwi akazara nemaruva machena. Edith akatanga kutamba muzuva, mweya waRonald ndokubata. Achirondedzera nyaya yacho kumwanakomana wake makore akawanda gare gare, Tolkien anoyeuka kuti: “Mumazuva iwayo bvudzi rake rakanga rakaita sebapiro regunguo, ganda raro raipenya, maziso ake aipenya kupfuura zvaunorangarira, uye aigona kuimba nokutamba.
Chiitiko ichi chakakurudzira munyori kunyora nyaya yaBeren naLúthien, murume anofa uye elf. Heino mitsetse yebhuku rinonzi The Silmarillion: “Asi, achidzungaira pakati pechirimo nomumasango eNeldoreth, akasangana naLúthien, mwanasikana waThingol naMelian, apo muawa yamadekwana, pakubuda kwomwedzi, akatamba. pauswa husingasvavi hwemahombekombe egungwa eEsgalduin. Ipapo kurangarira kwokurwadziwa kwakamubva, uye akaita zvounzenza, nokuti Lúthien akanga akanaka kwazvo pavana vaIlúvatar. Nguo yake yaiva yebhuruu kunge denga rakajeka, uye maziso ake akanga akasviba seusiku hune nyeredzi, jira rake rakanga rakazara nemaruva endarama, bvudzi rake rakanga rakasviba semumvuri weusiku. Runako rwake rwakanga rwakaita sechiedza chaitamba pamashizha emiti, kuimba kwemvura yakachena, nyeredzi dzichikwira pamusoro penyika ine mhute, uye kumeso kwake kwakanga kune chiedza chinopenya.
Edith akafa aine makore makumi masere nemaviri, Tolkien akanyora "Luthien" padivi peguva rake.
Tolkien paakapa chinyorwa chaIshe weRings kumutsikisi, muparidzi akabvunza hungwaru hwekubatanidza chero zvinhu zverudo murondedzero. Kunyanya, munyori wechidiki akaudzwa kuti nyaya yeAragorn naArwen, yakafanana neyaBeren naLúthien, "yaisafanira uye yakanyanyisa". Muparidzi akanzwa kuti bhuku rinotaura nezvevanhu, mashiripiti uye hondo raisada chero mifananidzo yerudo.
Zvisinei, Tolkien akamira zvakasimba, achitaura nezvesimba rinokurudzira rerudo. Mutsamba yaakanyorera muparidzi Rayner Unwin, akatsigira kuti dingindira raAragorn naArwen ribatanidzwe: “Ndichiri kuona uchikosha zvikuru, nokuti kufananidzira tariro. Ndinovimba kuti wabva panzvimbo ino.” Kuda kwake zvakare kwakatora, uye nokudaro Tolkien akachengetedza chinyorwa chake munhoroondo.
Edith akafa muna 1971 aine makore makumi masere nemaviri, uye Tolkien akanyora "Lúthien" padivi pezita rake paguva rake. Akafa mwedzi makumi maviri neimwe gare gare uye akavigwa naye, na "Beren" akawedzerwa kuzita rake.
Shungu nekuzvinyima
“Kubatana kwakasimba pakati paTolkien nemudiwa wake Edith kunoratidza kudzama kwekunzwa kunogona kusvika vanhu,” anowedzera kudaro Jason Whiting.
Nekudaro, kunyangwe hukama huchivheneka nechishuwo, vanoramba vachirarama nemutengo wekuedza kukuru uye kuzvipira. Tolkien akazviona sezvaaifungisisa kuti sei imba yake yakaramba yakasimba zvakadaro. Akarangarira, kuti: “Inenge roorano dzose, kunyange dzinofara, zvikanganiso mupfungwa yokuti vakwanyina vose vari vaviri vangatowana zvamazvirokwazvo kuwana varoorani vakakodzera zvikuru. Asi the real soul mate ndiye wawakasarudza, wawakaroora.”
Tolkien aiziva kuti rudo rwechokwadi haruna kuwanikwa nekupenya kwechishuwo chekubvuta.
Pasinei nehunhu hwake hwerudo, munyori akanzwisisa kuti hukama hunoda basa: “Hapana murume, zvisinei kuti anoda nomwoyo wose sei waakasarudza somwenga uye pasinei nokuti akatendeka sei kwaari somudzimai, angaramba akadaro upenyu hwake hwose asina mukwanyina. nemaune uye nehana sarudzo yakasimba-yakasimba, pasina kuzviramba mweya nemuviri.
"Tolkien aiziva kuti rudo rwechokwadi haruna kuwanikwa nekupenya kwechishuwo chekuda," Whiting anonyora. Anoda kutarisirwa nguva dzose uye kutarisirwa kune zvakadzama. Somuenzaniso, Ronald naEdith vaifarirana uye kupana zvipo zviduku. Pavakura, vaipedza nguva yakawanda vachitaura nezvevana nevazukuru. Ukama hwavo hwakavakirwa pakuda uye ushamwari, izvo zvakasimbisa rudo urwu kubva pakutanga kwekupfimbana kusvika kumagumo ehupenyu.
Nezve Nyanzvi: Jason Whiting murapi wemhuri, purofesa wepfungwa, uye munyori weRudo Rwechokwadi. Nzira dzinoshamisa dzekuzvinyengedza muhukama.