Mukati
Matsutso ose, vanoda "kuvhima kwakanyarara" vanoenda kusango kuti vabatanidze "zvinobatsira nekunakidza". Pamwe chete nekufamba mumhepo yakachena uye kuyemura mavara akajeka ekuvhuvhuta, zvinogara zvichigoneka kuunganidza goho rakanaka remiviri inobereka fruiting. Ndiko nekutanga kwekudonha kweshizha uko howa hwematsutso hunoonekwa, hunoyemurwa zvakanyanya nekunaka kwavo kunakidza uye kuita kwakasiyana-siyana mukubika. Madzimai mazhinji epamba anogara achiunganidza kuchengetedza kunonaka kweawa howa munguva yechando, uye zvakare gadzira ndiro dzakasiyana dzekudya kwemangwanani, masikati uye kudya kwemanheru.
Iyo inozivikanwa autumn howa howa haisi imwe chete, asi kusanganiswa kwemarudzi, ayo ane anopfuura makumi mana munyika. Inenge gumi mhando dzemitumbi iyi inobereka michero inogona kucherechedzwa munharaunda yeFederation, asi ruzivo rwakadaro ruchafarirwa chete nemasayendisiti, izvo zvisingagoni kutaurwa nezvevanotora howa. Vekupedzisira vanongofunga nezvekusiyanisa huchi hweagaric kubva kune hwenhema. Uye ivo chete vanonhonga howa vepamusoro vanogona kuona kuti mhando dzehowa dzematsutso dzinodyiwa dzine misiyano pakati pavo. Dzimwe nguva misiyano iyi haina kukosha zvekuti nyanzvi dzinofanirwa kutarisa mbeu dzemhando mbiri dzakasiyana zvakare kuti dziberekesane ...
Chinyorwa chedu chinopa mafoto uye tsananguro dzezvinodyiwa autumn howa. Mushure mekuongorora ruzivo rwuri pamusoro apa, iwe uchakwanisa kuva nemafungiro pamusoro pekuonekwa kwemitumbi iyi yefruiting, nzvimbo dzavo dzekukura, pamwe chete nemwaka wekubereka. Isu takasarudza mhando dzeanonyanya kuzivikanwa howa muNyika Yedu, ayo anonyanya kufarirwa pakati pevanotora howa.
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Autumn uchi agaric (chaiyo kana hemp)
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Matsutso kana huchi chaihwo agaric ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa pakati pevamiririri vese verudzi rwayo. Iri howa rinonaka kwazvo rinodyiwa rinozvikweretesa zvakakwana kune akasiyana maitiro ekugadzirisa: pickling, salting, kuomesa, kuomesa, frying, nezvimwewo.
Latin zita: armillaria mellea.
Mhuri: Физалакриевые (Physalacriaceae).
Synonyms: huchi chaihwo agaric, autumn.
Ngowani: anosvika dhayamita 4-12 masendimita (dzimwe nguva kusvika 15 uye kunyange 17 masendimita), pakutanga convex, uye ipapo anovhura uye kuva sandara, kuita wavy micheto. Dzimwe nguva tubercle, zvimedu kana zvikero zviduku zvitsvuku zvinogona kuonekwa pakati pevhavha. Rudzi rweganda rinobva pa beige kusvika kune huchi brown uye grey-brown. Mufananidzo uri pazasi unoratidza autumn mushroom mushroom:
Cherechedza kuti pazera duku, pamusoro pechivharo chemuviri wechibereko chakafukidzwa nemashizha machena mashoma, anonyangarika nezera.
Gumbo: yakaonda, ine fibrous, inosvika 10 cm kureba uye 1-2 cm gobvu, yakawedzera zvishoma pasi. Nzvimbo yacho ine chiedza kana yero-brown muvara, uye mumvuri wakasviba unoonekwa muchikamu chepasi. Sezvakaita chivharo, gumbo rakafukidzwa nezviyero zviduku zvishoma. Kazhinji, howa dzematsutso dzinokura pamwe chete nemakumbo pazasi.
Pulp: mumienzaniso midiki ine dense, chena, inonakidza mukuravira uye kunhuwa. Nezera, rinova mutete, richiwana rough texture.
Rekodhi: shoma, kunamatira padzinde kana kudzika zvisina simba. Howa hudiki hune mahwendefa eruvara ruchena kana runyoro, anosviba nezera uye anofukidzwa nemavara ebrown. Mukuwedzera, mahwendefa akafukidzwa nefirimu, iyo mumitumbi yekare ye fruiting inobva pachivharo, ichirembera padanda semhete.
Application: inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukubika nemushonga. Iyo howa inonatswa marinated, munyu, yakaomeswa uye yakaoma. Inoita inonaka yekutanga uye yechipiri makosi, ayo asiri akaderera mukuravira kunyange kune porcini howa uye howa. Mukuwedzera, marudzi ose ematsutso howa akataura mishonga yemishonga.
Edibility: howa dzinodyiwa chikamu 3.
Kufanana uye kusiyana: matsutso anogona kuvhiringika nefleecy scaly. Zvisinei, iyo yekupedzisira inosiyana nehuchi chaiyo agaric nekuwedzera kwenhamba yezviyero pamusoro pemuviri we fruiting, pamwe chete nekunhuhwirira kwakashata kunoyeuchidza radish. Uye kunyangwe iyo flake zvakare iri yehowa hunodyiwa (chete mushure mekupisa kupisa), haisati yave inonaka sematsutso.
Paradzira: kubva kune subtropics kuenda kuChamhembe, haisi kukura chete munzvimbo yepermafrost. Anowanikwa mumasango anonyorova anotema: pazvitsiga, miti yakadonha nemapazi. Kazhinji kazhinji iparasite, inobata marudzi anopfuura 200 emiti nemakwenzi, zvishoma kazhinji vanoita saprophytes, vachigara pamatanda akafa kare. Usapfuure kutema masango econiferous.
Sezvineiwo, autumn howa anonziwo hemp. Izvi zvine musoro, nekuti ivo vanonyanya kuda kukura pazvigutsa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti ruvara rwemuviri we fruiting ruchaenderana nemhando yehuni iyo yakagara. Saka, poplar, acacia kana mulberry inopa uchi-yellow tint kune uchi agaric, oak - brown tint, elderberry - yakasviba grey, uye coniferous miti - brown-red tint.
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Ko maodzanyemba autumn howa anotaridzika sei: mapikicha uye tsananguro yemakumbo neheti
Mufananidzo unotevera uye tsananguro ndewekuchamhembe kwematsutso howa - akakurumbira howa anodyiwa eiyo genus Honey agaric.
Latin zita: Armillaria borealis.
Mhuri: Physalacrye.
Ngowani: convex, 5-10 cm mudhayamita, yero-brown kana orenji-brown, muorivhi tint kazhinji inogona kucherechedzwa. Pakati peheti yakareruka kupfuura micheto. Iyo yepamusoro yakafukidzwa nezviyero zviduku, izvo 1-2 toni dzakasviba kupfuura ruvara rukuru. Kuunganidzwa kukuru kwezviyero kunoonekwa pakati pekapu. Micheto yacho ine mbabvu zvishoma uye yakaoma, yakasviba yakasviba yero.
Gumbo: cylindrical, yakaonda, dzimwe nguva ichikura pasi, inosvika 10 cm kureba uye kusvika 1,5 cm muukobvu. Kumusoro kwakaoma, kwebrown muruvara uye yellow-white pubescence. Kune ring-skirt, hunhu hwemarudzi ese anodyiwa, ayo anova membranous nezera, uye anonzwa mazero anocherechedzwa kumucheto.
Mufananidzo wacho unoratidza kuti anodyiwa autumn howa emhando iyi anotaridzika sei:
Pulp: dense, chena kana beige, isina kujeka inoyeuchidza yakamanikidzwa yekotoni wool. Iine kutaurwa kunonakidza "mushroom" kuravira uye kunhuhwirira.
Rekodhi: chena mumuenzaniso wechidiki, ichiva ocher-cream nezera.
Edibility: howa hunodyiwa.
Application: inokodzera marudzi ese ekubika - kufashaira, kusvira, kubikira, kubikira, kuisa munyu, kuomesa nechando. Gumbo rematsutso mushroom rakaoma, saka harina kushandiswa pakubika. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurapa kudzorera kukwira kweropa. Mukuwedzera, howa hunoita kudzikamisa muviri, hunobatsira nemwaranzi uye kurapwa kwegomarara.
Paradzira: inokura muNyika Yedu yese, kunze kweFar North. Inogara pahuni dzakafa, pamwe chete nezvitunha zveconiferous uye deciduous marudzi. Fruiting yakawanda, nokuti howa inokura mumhuri huru. Kazhinji kazhinji inogona kuwanikwa pabirch, alder uye oak, dzimwe nguva inokanganisa shrub. Nguva yekukohwa inotanga muna Nyamavhuvhu uye inopera munaGunyana-Gumiguru, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze.
Isu tinokupa iwe kuti uone mamwe mashoma mafoto eanodyiwa autumn howa:
Howa dzakakora-makumbo
Pakati pezvinodyiwa zvekuvhuvhuta howa, howa dzakakora-makumbo dzinowanikwawo - imwe yehowa dzinonyanya kufarirwa, dzinobudirira kukohwa kwete musango chete, asiwo dzakakura pachiyero cheindasitiri.
Huchi agaric gobvu-makumbo
Latin zita: Armillary lute
Mhuri: Physalacrye.
Synonyms: Armillaria Bulbosa, Inflata.
Ngowani: dhayamita kubva 2,5 kusvika 10 cm. Paudiki, fungus ine yakakura-conical cap ine tucked edges, ipapo inokora uye mipendero inodonha, uye tubercle inoonekwa pakati. Yakasvibira pakutanga, ichishanduka yero nezera. Pamusoro pane mazero akawanda ane mvere yero-girinhi kana grey anoramba aripo kunyange muvakuru.
Gumbo: cylindrical ine kirabhu yakakora yakananga kugadziko, yakafukidzwa negrey-yellow zviyero. Pamusoro pehunde pachayo ishava pasi uye yero (dzimwe nguva chena) kumusoro. "Siketi" ndeye membranous, chena, iyo inobva yabvaruka.
Anodyiwa autumn howa howa anoratidzwa mumufananidzo:
Pulp: dense, chena, nekunakidza, dzimwe nguva cheesy kunhuwa.
Rekodhi: kazhinji, kudzika zvishoma, yero, kushanduka kushava nezera.
Edibility: howa hunodyiwa.
Kufanana uye kusiyana: autumn gobvu-makumbo huchi agaric inogona kuvhiringika nefleecy scaly, iyo inosiyaniswa nehupamhi hwezvikero pamusoro pechivharo. Pamusoro pezvo, dzimwe nguva vanonhonga howa vasina ruzivo vanogona kuvhiringa huchi hwehuchi hwehuchi hwehuchi hwesarufa-yero hwenhema huchi agaric, pamwe chete nezvidhinha zvinodyiwa zvitsvuku zvenhema huchi agaric. Zvisinei, mhando dzakataurwa hadzina siketi mhete pahunde, iyo inova hunhu hwemiviri yese inodyiwa inobereka michero.
Paradzira: is a saprophyte uye inomera pauswa hwakaora, hunde hunoora uye hunde dzemiti. Inofarirawo huni dzakapiswa uye matanda akaoma. Inokura imwe kopi, zvishoma kazhinji - mumapoka maduku. Mukuwedzera, iyi mhando yehowa inogona kukura pamubhedha we spruce tsono.
Isu tinokurudzirawo kutarisa vhidhiyo nezve autumn howa:
Howa hwematsutso hunokura sei uye mumasango api?
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Nguva yekuvhuvhuta howa zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze enzvimbo yakati, pamwe nemamiriro ekunze akagadzika, ayo anosanganisira tembiricha yemhepo uye humidity. Mamiriro ekunze anofadza emuchero wakawanda wehowa anoonekwa seyakagadzikana avhareji yemazuva ese tembiricha yemhepo inokwana + 10 °. Iko kutaurwa chaiko kwerudzi rwemitumbi inobereka kunoratidza apo chaizvo autumn howa hunoonekwa. Saka, kukura kwehowa kunotanga pakupera kwaAugust uye kunopera pakati paOctober. Mune mamwe matunhu ega, howa hwematsutso hunoramba huchibereka michero kusvika pakupera kwaMbudzi, kana kudziya kwekunze kuchiramba. Iyo yepamusoro yekuunganidza miviri ye fruiting inoitika kunyanya munaSeptember. Imwe yakawanda yakawanda ye fruiting inotanga nekutanga kweiyo inonzi "Indian summer". Uye zvakare, autumn howa marudzi anoshingaira kukura panguva yekunaya kwemvura uye anoda September fogs. Sezvaunoziva, howa hwematsutso hunokura nekukurumidza, mazuva mashoma mushure memvura inodziya inonaya yakakwana, uye unogona kuenda kune inotevera howa goho.
Anenge marudzi ose ematsutso howa anokura mumapoka makuru pamakumbo, miti yakawa, masango emasango, nezvimwewo. Panyaya iyi, zviri nyore kwazvo kuzviunganidza musango. Kazhinji, matsutso howa maparasite, anogara pamiti mipenyu uye achiiparadza. Zvisinei, kunewo saprophytes yakasarudza matanda akafa akaora. Dzimwe nguva vanogona kuwanikwa pasi pegwati remuti wakakanganiswa.
Ko howa hwematsutso hunomera mumasango api Munyika Yedu? Vazhinji vane ruzivo vanonhonga howa vanocherekedza kuti mitumbi inobereka michero iyi inoda masango akanyorova ane mashizha. Mukuwedzera, kubereka kwavo kwakawanda kunoonekwa mumasango emasango. Kazhinji, matsutso howa anokura mumasango akavhenganiswa ane deciduous, achisarudza birch, alder, oak, aspen uye poplar. Sezvo nharaunda yeNyika Yedu iine nzvimbo yakakura ine masango, unogona kusangana nehowa mune chero yadzo.
Ndekupi kumwe kunomera howa hwematsutso?
Uye kupi kumwe kunomera howa hwematsutso, pamiti ipi? Kazhinji iyi miviri inobereka michero inogona kuwanikwa pane conifers. Zvisinei, inofanira kuyeukwa kuti ruvara rwezvivharo uye kunyange kuravira kwehowa kunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nehuni. Saka, kukura pamupaini kana spruce, uchi agaric inowana yakasviba ruvara uye inovava zvishoma mukuravira.
Chokwadi chinofadza: manheru, unogona kuona kupenya kusinganzwisisike kwechigutsa panokura howa. Kazhinji chimiro ichi chinogona kucherechedzwa pamberi pemabhanan'ana. Haisi miviri inobereka michero pachayo inoburitsa kupenya, asi iyo mycelium. Avo vakazviwana vava pedyo nechiitiko chakadaro usiku vanobvuma kuti ichi chiono chakanaka zvikuru!