Pa webhusaiti yeReuters, ini ndawana chinyorwa chinonakidza nezve nzira dzakasiyana dzekudya pachiyero chevanhu vese dzinogona kuchinja hupenyu pasi pano mumakumi mashoma emakore.
Sekureva kwemasayendisiti, kuderera kwehuwandu hwenyama mukudya kwevanhu uye kuwedzera kwekudyiwa kwemichero nemiriwo panosvika 2050 kwaizobvumira kudzivirira kufa kwemamiriyoni akati wandei pagore, kuderedza zvakanyanya kubuda kwemhepo kunotungamirira mukudziya kwepasi, uye kuchengetedza mabhiriyoni. yemadhora akashandiswa pamari yekurapa uye kutonga nematambudziko ezvakatipoteredza uye emamiriro ekunze.
Tsvagurudzo nyowani yakaburitswa muchinyorwa Kuenderera kweNational Academy yeSainzi yeUnited States of America, kwenguva yekutanga yakaongorora kukanganisa uko kushanduka kwepasirese kune chikafu chinodyarwa nemiti kunogona kuve nehutano hwevanhu uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.
Sezvakataurwa naMarko Springmann, anotungamira munyori wekutsvaga kubva kuYunivhesiti yeOxford Ramangwana reChikafu Chirongwa (Oxford Martin Chirongwa pane Ramangwana reChikafu), Kudya zvisina kuenzana kunoisa njodzi huru dzehutano pasirese, uye chikafu chedu chinogadzira inopfuura chikamu chechina chegreenhouse gasi inoburitsa.
Vatsvagiri paOxford University vakaenzanisira kukanganisa kwehutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda nepakati pezana ramakore china mhando yekudya.
Chiitiko chekutanga ndechekutanga, zvichibva pane zvakafungidzirwa neFood and Agriculture Organisation (UN FAO), umo chimiro chekudya chikafu hachizochinja.
Yechipiri chiitiko chakanangana nemitemo yepasirese yekudya zvine hutano (yakagadziriswa, kunyanya, neWHO), zvichireva kuti vanhu vanodya macalorie akakwana chete kuti varambe vaine huremu hwakakwana, uye kudzikisira kushandisa kwavo shuga nenyama.
Mamiriro echitatu ndeyezvirimwa uye chechina ndewe vegan, uye zvakare zvine mwero wakaringana koriori inodyiwa.
Mhedzisiro yehutano, ecology uye economics
Kudya kwepasirese zvinoenderana nemisimboti yedhayeti ine hutano kunobatsira kudzivirira 5,1 mamirioni kufa pagore na2050, uye chikafu chevegan chinodzivirira kufa kwemamirioni 8,1! (Uye ndinozvitenda zviri nyore: hazvingoerekana zvaitika kuti chikafu chemazana emakore kubva pasi rese chine chikafu chekudyara).
Panyaya yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kurudziro yepasi rose yekudya yaizobatsira kudzikisa mweya kubva mukugadzirwa kwechikafu uye kudyiwa ne29%; chikafu chemavheji chingavacheka ne63%, uye chikafu chevhegan chingavacheka ne70%.
Shanduko dzechikafu dzinogona kuchengetedza inofungidzirwa $ 700-1000 bhiriyoni pagore mukutarisirwa kwehutano nekuremara, nepo hupfumi hunobatsira kubva mukudzikisa gasi inokanganisa kupisa ingave $ 570 bhiriyoni, chidzidzo chakadaro. Zvakanakira hupfumi hwehutano hweveruzhinji hwakavandudzwa zvinogona kuenzana kana kupfuura kukuvara kwakadzoserwa kubva pakushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.
"Kukosha kwemabhenefiti aya kunopa mukana wakasimba wekuwedzera mari yeruzhinji neyakazvimirira yezvirongwa zvekusimudzira kudya kune hutano uye kwakasimba," anodaro Springmann.
Kusiyana kwematunhu
Vatsvaguriri vakaona kuti zvikamu zvitatu kubva muzvina zvezvose zvakachengetwa kubva mukuchinja kwezvikafu zvichibva munyika dzichiri kusimukira, kunyangwe pamunhu zvinoitika zvichanyanya kukosha munyika dzakasimukira nekuda kwekudyiwa kwenyama uye kufutisa.
Masayendisiti akaongorora misiyano yedunhu inofanirwa kutariswa pakuona matanho akakodzera kwazvo ekugadzirwa nekudyiwa kwechikafu. Semuenzaniso, kudzikisa huwandu hwenyama tsvuku kuchave nemhedzisiro huru munyika dzekumadokero dzakasimukira, East Asia neLatin America, nepo kuwedzera kudyiwa kwemichero nemiriwo kuchizadzisa zvakanyanya mukuderedza kufa kwevanhu muSouth Asia neSub-Saharan Africa.
Ehe, iwe haufanire kufunga kuti kuita shanduko idzi zvichave nyore. Kuchinjira kuchikafu chinoenderana neyechipiri chiitiko, zvichave zvakafanira kuwedzera kudyiwa kwemiriwo ne25% uye michero mupamusoro penyika yose uye kuderedza kushandiswa kwenyama tsvuku ne56% (nenzira, verenga pamusoro 6 zvikonzero zvekudya senyama shoma sezvinobvira). Kazhinji, vanhu vachada kudya 15% mashoma macalorie.
"Hatitarisiri kuti munhu wese aite vegan," Springmann anobvuma. "Asi kukanganisa kwechikafu pane shanduko yemamiriro ekunze kuchanetsa kugadzirisa uye zvingangoda zvinopfuura shanduko yetekinoroji." Kuenda kune hutano hune hutano uye hwakagadzikana kudya kunogona kuve nhanho huru munzira kwayo. ”