Bone chimiro chakaomarara icho chine zvicherwa uye collagen kuti pamwe ive nechokwadi chekusimba kwayo. Muhupenyu hwose, pfupa rinokura, rinoputsika, rinogadzirisa pacharo, asiwo rinoora. Kugadzirisa mapfupa inzira yakaoma, inoda kushandira pamwe pakati peosteoclasts uye osteoblasts.

Bone tishu inoumbwa nemasero emapfupa uye mineralized extracellular matrix, inoumbwa necollagen uye isiri-collagenic mapuroteni. Iko kusingaperi kugadziridzwa kwepfupa tishu mugumisiro wechiito chemhando nhatu dzemasero:

• osteoclasts iyo inoramba ichiparadza pfupa rakasakara (bone resorption);
• osteoblasts iyo inoita kuti zvinhu zvidikanwe kugadzirisa chinhu chisipo (kuumbwa kwemapfupa);
• osteocytes.

Kuvandudzwa uku kunofanira kuitwa nenzira yakadzikama uye nenzira yakanyatsorongeka kuti ive nechokwadi chechimiro chepfupa uye kuvimbisa kusimba kwayo.

Saka osteoclasts ndiwo masero emapfupa anokonzera kudzoreredzwa kwemapfupa emapfupa, uye anobatanidzwa mukuvandudzwa kwayo. Bone tissue resorption ndiyo nzira iyo osteoclasts inoputsa mapfupa emapfupa uye kusunungura zvicherwa, zvichiita kuti calcium iendeswe kubva mumapfupa emapfupa kuenda kuropa. Maosteoclasts nokudaro anokanganisa pfupa.

Apo mapfupa anenge asisina kusimbiswa, osteoclasts inoputsa zvinhu zvakaverengerwa zvakakosha.

Kazhinji pane "chiyero" pakati pekugadzirwa kwepfupa uye resorption. Huzhinji hwezvirwere zveskeletal saka hunobva mukusaenzana: vangave vanochera zvakanyanya, kana kuti havavake zvakakwana, kana iko kusanganiswa kwemaitiro maviri aya.

Mukuwedzera, osteocytes inogona kutumira chiratidzo chisina kunaka. Kunyanya kuwanda kwehomoni kunogonawo kukonzera kuwedzera kwekuparadzwa kwemapfupa. Ichi ndicho chikonzero capital capital inodonha mukati mehupenyu hwehupenyu:

• Kana iyo resorption yakanyanyisa kudarika kuumbwa: pfupa rinopera, zvichiita kuti kurasikirwa kwemaitiro emagetsi emapfupa uye kutungamirira kune fractures (osteoporosis kana osteogenesis imperfecta);
• Kana kuumbwa kunopfuura resorption: mapfupa emapfupa anowedzera zvisiri izvo, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira ku osteosclerosis.

Bone tissue rinopinda mukuchembera nekudzikira kwekuita kwemasero emapfupa. Kuvhiringidzwa kwekugadzirisa uku ndiko kunokonzerawo zvimwe zvirwere zvemapfupa.

Iyo pathology yezvirwere zvakawanda zve osteolytic inosanganiswa nekudzoreredzwa kwebhonzo neosteoclasts.

Kusajairika mukutonga kwebhonzo resorption kunogona kutungamira kune:

• Osteoporosis: skeletal chirwere chinoratidzwa nekuderera kwepfupa uye kuparara kwechimiro chemukati chemapfupa emapfupa. Chiyero pakati pekugadzirwa kwemapfupa uye resorption chakatyoka. Mapfupa anowedzera kuparara uye njodzi yekuputsika inowedzera;
• Osteogenesis imperfecta: (hereditary congenital osteoporosis) chirwere chinoratidzwa nekunyanya kushaya simba kwemapfupa, nekuda kwekuremara kwekuberekwa mukugadzirwa kwecollagen fibers muhutano hunobatanidza iyo inoumba chimiro chepfupa;
• Osteopetrosis: inozivikanwa se "marble bones" ishoko rinotsanangura rinoreva boka rezvisingawanzoitiki uye zvakagara nhaka zvisizvo zvemapfupa, zvinoratidzirwa nekuwedzera kwehutano hwemapfupa nekuda kwekusagadzikana mukukura kana basa re osteoclasts;
• Chirwere chePaget chebhonzo: kuvandudzwa kwetishu kunowedzera kushanda uye kunoitika nenzira yekusagadzikana. Nokudaro, pfupa remapfupa rinokuvadzwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo uye nzira yakajairika yekuzvarwa patsva haina kuitika.

Osteoporosis / osteogenesis

Chinangwa chekurapa ndechekudzivirira kuonekwa kwekuputsika nekubatanidza kusimba kwefupa remapfupa.

Asati arapwa, chiremba:

• Inogadzirisa kushayikwa kwevhitamini D uye inopa vhitamini D yekuwedzera, kana zvichidikanwa, iyo inobatsira kusimbisa mapfupa;
• Iva nechokwadi chokuti unowana calcium yakakwana. Inogona kutungamirira kukuchinja kwekudya kwekudya kana kupa mushonga unobatanidza calcium uye vitamini D;
• Ratidza kurega kusvuta;
• Inokurudzira tsika yekuita muviri, kuitira kusimbisa kuenzanisa, kuderedza dambudziko rekudonha;
• Inovimbisa kuitiswa kwenzvimbo dzekudzivirira kwekudonha.

Kurapa kwakananga: bisphosphonates, "mamorekuru anononotsa basa reosteoclasts, masero anoputsa bhonzo, nokudaro kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemapfupa" uye kudzivirira njodzi yekutyoka.

Osteopetrosis

Kune osteopetrosis yehuduku, kuisirwa kwehematopoietic stem masero kunokurudzirwa. Aya masero eropa anobva mumwongo wemapfupa kana ropa.

Chirwere chePaget chemapfupa

Chirwere chePaget chinofanira kurapwa kana zviratidzo zvikakonzera kusagadzikana kana kana paine njodzi yakakura kana zviratidzo zvinoratidzira zvematambudziko (kusanzwa, osteoarthritis uye kuremara). Muvanhu vasina asymptomatic, kurapwa kunogona kunge kusiri madikanwa. Chero ipi zvayo yakasiyana-siyana bisphosphonates inogona kushandiswa kuderedza kufambira mberi kwechirwere chePaget.

osteoporosis

Kuongororwa kunoitwa nekuyera kuwanda kwemapfupa ne densitometry uye ne x-rays ye dorsolumbar spine kutsvaga vertebral fracture iyo dzimwe nguva inoenda isingaoneki nokuti hairwadzi.

Osteogenesis

Zviratidzo zvekiriniki (zvakadzokororwa kuputsika, blue sclera, nezvimwewo) kuziva uye radiologies (osteoporosis uye kuvapo kwemapfupa ehonye pa x-rays yedehenya). Bone densitometry inogona kubatsira kusimbisa kuongororwa.

Osteopetrosis

Chiremba anotanga nekuongorora kwemuviri uye mhedzisiro ye x-ray scan iyo icharatidza kukora uye kuwedzera kuwanda kwemapfupa, pamwe nemufananidzo webhonzo mubhonzo. Kuongororwa kunogona kusimbiswa neDNA analysis (blood test).

Chirwere chePaget chemapfupa

Kuongororwa kweropa, X-rays uye bone scintigraphy kazhinji ndoga inoita chirwere.