Swiss fondue haisi yakanyanya dhishi sezvo iri nzira yekudya. Nhasi, fondue yeSwitzerland inowanikwa patafura yega yega, uye yaimbova ropafadzo yedzimba dzakapfuma.
Fondue ndiyo yega chikafu chenyika muSwitzerland, uye yave iripo kwemazana manomwe emakore. Zvinotendwa kuti tsika yekunyika zvimedu zvechikafu muchizi yakanyunguduka yakatanga kuSwiss Alps, uko vafudzi vaifudza makwai. Vachisiya kwenguva yakareba mumapani, vafudzi vakatora cheese, chingwa newaini navo. Kwemazuva akati wandei, zvigadzirwa zvakasakara uye zvakanyunguduka - uye zano rakamuka rekupisa zvimedu zvechizi pamoto wehusiku, uchizvinyungudusa newaini, uyezve ndokunyika chingwa chekare muhupfu hunovaka muviri. Madhishi evhu kana simbi yakakandwa yaishandiswa kudzivirira chizi kuti isapisa, yaibvongodzwa nespatula yehuni. Hapana angadai akafunga kuti fondue (kubva pashoko rechiFrench rekuti "nyungudika") yaizova tsika, tsika uye tsika mune ramangwana!
Zvishoma nezvishoma, dhishi revafudzi rakapararira pakati pevanhuwo zvavo ndokuguma pamatafura evashandi. Iwe haugone kuviga awl musaga - varidzi vakacherekedza neiko kudya kwaiita varimi vachidya chizi yakanyungudutswa, uye vaishuvira kuona ndiro iri patafura yavo. Ehe, kune vanokudzwa, mhando dzakanaka dzinodhura dzechizi newaini dzakashandiswa mufondue, uye mhando dzakasiyana dzemabheka nyowani dzakanyudzwa musizi yechizi, zvishoma nezvishoma zvichikurisa huwandu hwezvikafu zvishoma.
Pakutanga, fondue haina kupfuura miganhu yeSwitzerland kudzamara yafarirwa nevashanyi vanobva kuAustria, Italy, Germany neFrance. Vashanyi zvishoma nezvishoma vakatanga kuendesa zano kumatunhu avo, uko vafudzi vemuno vakachinja mabikirwo uye vakaunza mazano avo anonaka mukusimudzira kwavo. Iri raive zita reFrance rakanamatira kune fondue dhishi, senge mazhinji eeresipi ayo akazove akakurumbira.
MuItaly panguva ino, fondue yakashanduka kuita fonduta uye banya cauda. Kune fondouts, mazai emazai akawedzerwa kune musanganiswa wemachizi emuno nyika ino akapfuma maari, uye zvidimbu zvehove dzegungwa, howa nehuku dzakashandiswa sechikafu. Yechitsiko chinopisa chebanya cauda, bota nemafuta emuorivhi, gariki, anchovies zvakashandiswa, uye zvidimbu zvemiriwo zvakanyikwa mumuto unoguma.
В Holland kune zvakare imwe mhando yefondue inonzi kaasdup.
В China mumazuva iwayo, ndiro yaisanganisira mitsetse yenyama yakabikwa muto. Mhando yakadaro yeChinese yakaunzwa kuFar East nemaMongolia muzana ramakore reXIV. Rudzi urwu rwakareba rwakabika chikafu chisina mbishi mumuto unobikira pakarepo usati washandisa. Panzvimbo pegwayana reMongolian, maChinese akatanga kushandisa huku yakakangwa, madomasi nemiriwo. Kudya kunopisa kunoperekedzwa nemiriwo mitsva nemasese zvinogadzirwa nesoy, ginger uye mafuta esesame.
French fondue inogadzirwa nekubika mafuta emiriwo. Mamongi eBurgundi akagadzira iyi nzira yekubika kunze kwechido chakasimba chekudziya mumwaka unotonhora, pasina kushandisa yakawanda nguva nesimba pakubika. Iyo dhishi yainzi "fondue bourguignon" kana kungoti burgundy fondue. Yakapihwa waini, chingwa chinodziya chakasviba, dhishi remudivi uye chikafu chinogadzirwa kubva mumiriwo mitsva - pepper inotapira, madomasi, tsvuku hanyanisi, celery, basil uye fennel.
Munguva yeRevolution yeFrance, fondue yakasvika padanho nyowani rekuzivikanwa. Jean Anselm Brija-Savarin, murume ane mukurumbira wechiFrench, akapedza makore akati wandei muUnited States, kwaakawana raramo nekutamba violin nekudzidza French. Akaramba akatendeka kutsika dzekudyira dzenyika yake, uye ndiye iye akaunza maAmerican kuchizi fondue fondue au fromage. Iyo yakasarudzika cheese menyu inonzi Neuchâtel fondue.
Nechekare muma 60s uye 70s, pakanga paine mhando dzakawanda dzefondue iyo yekubheka yeSwitzerland yakarasika pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzeresipi.
Burgundy fondue yakaonekwa pane menyu yeresitorendi yeNew York "Swiss Chalet" muna 1956. Muna 1964, shefu wayo Konrad Egli akagadzira ndokupa chokoreti fondue (Toblerone fondue) iyo yakahwina moyo yemazino ese anotapira pasi. Zvidimbu zvemichero yakaibva nemabriji, pamwe nezvidimbu zvinotapira zvebhisikiti zvakanyikwa muchokoreti yakanyungudika. Nhasi, kune inotapira fondue ine inopisa caramel, coconut muto, inotapira liqueurs, uye mamwe akawanda marudzi. Fondue inotapira inowanzo kuperekedzwa neinotapira waini uye nemhando dzese dzemaqueque.
Mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe nemana, chikafu chine hutano chakazove chekutanga, uye fondue, seyakakwira-koriori dhishi, yakatanga kurasikirwa nevhu. Asi kunyangwe nanhasi, munguva yechando inotonhora, ichiri tsika kuungana patafura hombe uye kupedza nguva mukutaurirana wakasununguka mukambani inonakidza, muchidya fondue inopisa.
Inonakidza Fondue Chokwadi
- Homer Iliad inotsanangura mabikirwo echikafu chakafanana chaizvo nemufueue: chizi yembudzi, waini uye hupfu zvaifanira kubikirwa pamoto.
- Yokutanga yakanyorwa kutaurwa kweSwitzerland fondue yakadzokera shure muna 1699. Mubhuku raAnna Margarita Gessner, fueue inonzi "chizi newaini."
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau aifarira fondue, iyo yaakabvuma kakawanda mutsamba neshamwari dzake, nostalgic yekuungana kunofadza pamusoro pendiro inopisa.
- Muna 1914, kudiwa kwechizi kwakadonha muSwitzerland, uye saka zano rakamuka rekutengesa chizi yefondue. Nekudaro, kufarirwa kwediro kwawedzera kakawanda.