Zvinoitika kuti kurambidzwa kwezvokudya pakudya-nyama kwaivapo kare kusati kwatanga kuoneka kwezvitendero zvikuru zvenyika. Mutemo wekuti “haugone kudya zvako” wakashanda munenge mutsika dzese dzekare. Izvi, kunyange zvazvo zvakatambanudzwa, zvinogona kutorwa semabviro ezvinomera. Nekutambanudza - nokuti, pasinei nenheyo yakarurama iyo inoratidza mhuka se "yavo" - tsika dzekare hadzina kufunga dzose sedzakadaro.
Patron Principle
Vanhu vazhinji veAfrica, Asia, America neAustralia vaive kana vane totemism - kuzivikanwa kwedzinza ravo kana mhuri neimwe mhuka, inoonekwa semadzitateguru. Chokwadi, zvinorambidzwa kudya tateguru wako. Vamwe vanhu vane ngano dzinotsanangura kuti pfungwa dzakadaro dzakatanga sei. VaMbuti Pygmies (Democratic Republic of the Congo) vakati: “Mumwe murume akauraya mhuka ndokudya. Akaerekana arwara ndokufa. Hama dzemushakabvu dzakagumisa kuti: “Mhuka iyi ihama yedu. Hatifanire kuibata." Uye vanhu veGurunsi (Ghana, Burkina Faso) vakachengeta ngano ine gamba, nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, rakamanikidzwa kuuraya makarwe matatu ndokurasikirwa nevanakomana vatatu nokuda kwaikoku. Nokudaro, kufanana kweGurunsi uye totem yavo yegarwe yakaratidzwa.
Mumadzinza mazhinji, kutyorwa kwechikafu chekudya kunonzwisiswa nenzira imwechete nekutyorwa kwebonde. Saka, mumutauro wePonape (Caroline Islands), rimwe shoko rinoreva makunakuna uye kudya mhuka ye totem.
Totems inogona kuva mhuka dzakasiyana-siyana: semuenzaniso, akasiyana Mbuti genera ane chimpanzi, ingwe, nyati, chameleon, marudzi akasiyana enyoka neshiri, pakati pemarudzi eUganda - colobus monkey, otter, mhashu, gango, nzou, ingwe, shumba, gonzo, mombe, hwai, hove, uye kunyange bhinzi kana howa. Vanhu veOromo (Ethiopia, Kenya) havadyi mhuka huru yekudi, nekuti vanotenda kuti yakasikwa namwari wedenga pazuva rimwechete nemunhu.
Kazhinji dzinza rakakamurwa kuita mapoka - ethnographers avo vanodana phratries nemadzinza. Boka rimwe nerimwe rine zvirambidzo zvaro zvezvokudya. Rimwe remadzinza eAustralia mudunhu reQueensland, vanhu veimwe yedzinza vaigona kudya possum, kangaroo, imbwa uye uchi hwerumwe rudzi rwenyuchi. Kune imwe dzinza, chikafu ichi chairambidzwa, asi chaiitirwa emu, bandicoot, dhadha dema uye mamwe marudzi enyoka. Vamiririri vechitatu vakadya nyama yepython, uchi hweimwe mhando yenyuchi, yechina - porcupines, plains turkeys, nezvimwewo.
Anenge atyora mutemo acharangwa
Haufanire kufunga kuti kutyorwa kwechikafu chevamiriri veava vanhu kunongove tsvina pahana dzavo. Ethnographers vakatsanangura nyaya dzakawanda apo vaifanira kubhadhara nehupenyu hwavo nokuda kwemhosva yakadai. Vagari vomuAfrica kana kuti Oceania, vaziva kuti vakaputsa chirango nokusaziva uye vakadya zvokudya zvinorambidzwa, vakafa kwenguva pfupi pasina chikonzero chiri pachena. Chikonzero chaiva chokutenda kuti vanofanira kufa. Pamwe pacho pakurwadziwa kwavo vaingoridza mhere yemhuka yavainge vadya. Heino nyaya yemumwe muAustralia akadya nyoka yaakanga arambidzwa, kubva mubhuku renyanzvi yezvavanhu Marcel Moss: “Mukati mezuva, murwere akawedzera kuipa. Paida varume vatatu kuti vamubate. Mudzimu wenyoka wakagara mumuviri wake uye nguva nenguva uchiridza muridzo waibva pahuma yake, nemumuromo ... “.
Asi zvizhinji zvezvirambidzo zvese zvekudya zvine chekuita nekusada kutora zvimiro zvemhuka dzinodyiwa dzakakomberedzwa nevakadzi vane nhumbu. Heino mienzaniso mishomanana yezvirambidzo zvakadaro zvaivapo pakati pevanhu vakasiyana-siyana vechiSlavic. Kuti mwana asazvarwa ari matsi, amai vane pamuviri vaisagona kudya hove. Kuti udzivise kuberekwa kwemapatya, mukadzi haafaniri kudya michero yakasanganiswa. Kuti adzivise mwana kutambura nekushaya hope, zvakarambidzwa kudya nyama yehare (maererano nezvimwe zvinotendwa, tsuro haimborara). Kuti adzivise mwana kubva pakuva snotty, hazvina kubvumirwa kudya howa akafukidzwa mucus (somuenzaniso, butterfish). KuDobruja kwairambidzwa kudya nyama yemhuka dzaishungurudzwa nemapere, kana zvisina kudaro mwana aizova mhungu.
Idya uye uzvikuvadze iwe kana vamwe
Kurambidzwa kunozivikanwa kusasanganisa nyama nechikafu chemukaka chimiro kwete chechiJudha chete. Yakapararira, somuenzaniso, pakati pavanhu vanofudza vomuAfrica. Zvinotendwa kuti kana nyama nemukaka zvakasanganiswa (mundiro kana mudumbu), mhou dzichafa kana kuti dzinorasikirwa nemukaka. Pakati pevanhu veNyoro (Uganda, Kenya), nguva pakati pekudya nyama uye chikafu chemukaka yaifanira kusvika maawa gumi nemaviri. Nguva imwe neimwe, vasati vachinja kubva kunyama kuenda kuzvokudya zvomukaka, vaMasai vakanwa mushonga wakasimba wokubuda ropa uye wokusvusvudzira kuitira kuti pasave nechikamu chezvokudya zvekare chakasara mudumbu. Vanhu vekuShambhala (Tanzania, Mozambique) vaitya kutengesa mukaka wemombe dzavo kuvaRungu, avo nekusaziva, vaigona kusanganisa mukaka nenyama mudumbu mavo zvokonzera kurasikirwa kwezvipfuyo.
Mamwe madzinza aiva nechirambidzo chakakwana chokudya nyama yedzimwe mhuka dzomusango. VaSouk (Kenya, Tanzania) vaidavira kuti kana mumwe wavo akadya nyama yenguruve yomusango kana yehove, ipapo mombe dzake dzairega kukamwa. Pakati pevaNandi vaigara munharaunda yavo, mbudzi yemvura, mbizi, nzou, rhinoceros uye dzimwe mhembwe zvainzi hazvibvumirwi. Kana munhu akamanikidzwa kudya imwe yemhuka idzi nekuda kwenzara, saka akarambidzwa kunwa mukaka mushure meizvozvo kwemwedzi inoverengeka. Vafudzi vechiMaasai vaiwanzoramba nyama yemhuka dzesango, vachivhima chete zvikara zvairwisa mombe. Kare, mhara, mbizi nemhara dzinofura dzisingatyi pedyo nemisha yevaMasai. Kunze kwaingova eland nenyati - vaMaasai vaizviona semombe, saka vaizvibvumira kudzidya.
Marudzi evafundisi eAfrica aiwanzodzivisa kusanganisa zvokudya zvemukaka nemiriwo. Chikonzero chacho chakafanana: zvaitendwa kuti zvinokuvadza zvipfuwo. Mufambi John Henning Speke, akawana Lake Victoria uye manyuko eWhite Nile, akayeuka kuti mumusha wavaNegro havana kumutengesera mukaka, nokuti vakaona kuti aidya bhinzi. Pakupedzisira, mutungamiriri worudzi rwomunzvimbomo akagovera mhou imwe kuvafambi, iyo yaigona kunwa mukaka upi noupi. Ipapo vaAfrica vakarega kutya mombe dzavo. Nyoro, mushure mekudya muriwo, aigona kunwa mukaka zuva raitevera chete, uye kana iri bhinzi kana mbatatisi - mazuva maviri chete gare gare. Vafudzi vaiwanzorambidzwa kudya muriwo.
Kupatsanurwa kwemuriwo nemukaka kwainyatsocherechedzwa nemaMasai. Vaida kurambwa zvachose kwemuriwo kubva kuvarwi. Murwi wechiMasai angasva hake kufa nenzara pane kuputsa mutemo uyu. Kana mumwe munhu zvakadaro akaita mhosva yakadaro, aizorasikirwa nezita remurwi, uye hapana mukadzi mumwe chete aizobvuma kuva mudzimai wake.