Sebastian Hafner mutori wenhau weGermany uye munyori wenhau dzakaitika akanyora bhuku rinonzi The Story of a German ari muhutapwa muna 1939 (rakabudiswa muchiRussian naIvan Limbach Publishing House). Tinokupa chidimbu kubva mubhuku umo munyori anotaura nezvevechidiki, rudo uye kurudziro panguva yakaoma yehupfumi.
Gore iroro, vaverengi vemapepanhau vakavazve nemukana wekuita mutambo wenhamba unonakidza, wakafanana newavaitamba munguva yehondo vaine ruzivo rwenhamba yevasungwa vehondo kana kuti zvakapambwa muhondo. Panguva ino nhamba dzaive dzakabatana kwete nezviitiko zvehondo, kunyange zvazvo gore rakatanga nechisimba, asi nekusingafadzi zvachose, zuva nezuva, nyaya dzekuchinjana kwemari, kureva, nedollar exchange rate. Kuchinja-chinja kwemadhora ekutsinhanisa chiyero kwaive barometer, maererano nazvo, nemusanganiswa wekutya uye kufara, vakatevera kuwa kwechiratidzo. Zvakawanda zvaigona kurondwa. Kukwira kwakaita dhora, takabva tatakurwa tichipinda munzvimbo yekufungidzira.
Kutaura zvazviri, kuderera kwechiratidzo chakanga chiri chinhu chitsva. Kare muna 1920, mudzanga wokutanga wandakasvuta ndisingazvizivi waiita 50 pfennigs. Pakupera kwa 1922, mitengo kwese kwese yakanga yakwira kagumi kana kuti kunyange kazana mwero wavo wehondo isati yatanga, uye dhora rakanga zvino rave richikosha anenge mamaki mazana mashanu. Asi maitirwo acho aingogara uye akaenzana, mihoro, mihoro nemitengo zvakakwira nekuwanda zvakaenzana. Zvaive zvishoma zvisingaite kuvhiringa nenhamba huru muhupenyu hwemazuva ese kana uchibhadhara, asi kwete zvisingaite. Vaingotaura nezve "mumwe mutengo wekuwedzera", hapana chimwe. Mumakore iwayo, chimwe chinhu chainyanya kutinetsa.
Uye ipapo brand yaiita kunge yakatsamwa. Nguva pfupi mushure meHondo yeRuhr, dhora rakatanga kudhura makumi maviri, rakabata kwenguva yakati pachiratidzo ichi, rakakwira kusvika ku20, rakazengurira zvishoma uye rakasvetuka sekunge riri pamanera, richisvetuka pamusoro pemakumi nemazana ezviuru. Hapana ainyatsoziva zvakaitika. Tichipukuta maziso edu mukushamisika, takaona kusimuka kwaiita sechinhu chisingaoneki. Dhora rakava musoro wedu wezuva nezuva, takabva tatarisa-tarisa tikaona kuti kukwira kwedhora kwakanganisa hupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva.
Avo vaive nemadhipoziti mubhangi rekuchengetedza, remba kana mari mumabhengi ane mukurumbira vakaona mafambiro azvakaita mukubwaira kweziso.
Nenguva isipi pakanga pasisina kana chimwe chemari mumabhanga ekuchengetedza, kana pfuma huru. Zvose zvakanyunguduka. Vazhinji vakatamisa mari dzavo kubva kune rimwe bhanga vachienda kune rimwe kuti vadzivise kuparara. Nenguva isipi zvakava pachena kuti chimwe chinhu chakanga chaitika chakaparadza nyika dzose uye chakatungamirira pfungwa dzevanhu kune mamwe matambudziko akawanda.
Mitengo yechikafu yakatanga kunetsa sezvo vatengesi vaimhanyira kukwidza dhora. Pondo yembatatisi, iyo mangwanani inodhura mamakisi makumi mashanu, yakatengeswa manheru ne50; mari yemuhoro ye000 mamakisi yakaunzwa kumusha neChishanu yanga isingakwani pakiti refodya neChipiri.
Chii chaifanira kunge chakaitika uye chakaitika pashure pacho? Kamwe kamwe, vanhu vakawana chitsuwa chekugadzikana: masheya. Yakanga iri nzira chete yekudyara kwemari iyo neimwe nzira yakadzora chiyero chekuderera. Kwete nguva dzose uye kwete yese zvakaenzana, asi masheya akaderera kwete padanho rekumhanya, asi nekufamba kwekufamba.
Saka vanhu vakamhanyira kutenga mashares. Munhu wose akava vagovanisi: mushandi wehurumende, mushandi wehurumende, uye mushandi. Migove inobhadharwa kutenga zuva nezuva. Pamazuva ekubhadharwa kwemihoro nemihoro, kurwiswa kukuru kwemabhanga kwakatanga. Mutengo westock wakakwira seroketi. Mabhangi akanga akazvimba neinvestments. Mabhanga aimbozivikanwa akakura sehowa mushure memvura yanaya ndokuwana mhindu huru. Mishumo yemazuva ese yakaverengerwa nechido nemunhu wese, mudiki nevakuru. Nguva nenguva, uyu kana kuti mutengo wemugove wakadonha, uye nekuchema kwemarwadzo nekuora mwoyo, hupenyu hwezviuru nezviuru hwakaputsika. Muzvitoro zvese, muzvikoro, mumabhizinesi ese vaizevezerana izvo masheya aive akavimbika nhasi.
Zvakaipisisa pane zvese zvaive nevakuru nevanhu vasingashande. Vazhinji vakapinzwa muurombo, vazhinji vakazviuraya. Vechidiki, vanochinjika, mamiriro azvino akabatsira. Muusiku humwe vakave vakasununguka, vakapfuma, vakazvimiririra. Mamiriro ezvinhu akamuka umo inertia uye kuvimba nehupenyu hwekare hwakarangwa nenzara nerufu, nepo kukurumidza kwekuita uye kugona kunyatsoongorora mamiriro ekuchinja kwemamiriro ezvinhu akapihwa mubairo nekukasira hupfumi hwakaipisisa. Vatungamiriri vebhangi vane makore makumi maviri okukura nevadzidzi vechikoro chesekondari vakatungamirira, vachitevera zano reshamwari dzavo dzati kurei. Vaipfeka chic Oscar Wilde zvisungo, vakaita mapati nevasikana uye champagne, uye vakatsigira madzibaba avo akaparara.
Mukati mekurwadziwa, kupererwa, urombo, fivha, pwere dzinopisa muviri, ruchiva uye mweya wecarnival zvakatumbuka. Vechidiki vainge vava nemari, kwete vakuru. Iko chaiyo mari yakashanduka - yakanga yakakosha kwemaawa mashomanana chete, uye naizvozvo mari yakakandwa, mari yakashandiswa nokukurumidza sezvinobvira uye kwete zvachose izvo vanhu vakwegura vanoshandisa.
Mabhawa asingaverengeki nemakirabhu eusiku akavhurwa. Varoorani vechidiki vakadzungaira munzvimbo dzevaraidzo, senge mumafirimu nezvehupenyu hwevanhu vepamusoro. Munhu wose aishuva kuita rudo mukupenga, nefivha yeruchiva.
Rudo pacharwo rwakawana hunhu hwekukwira kwemitengo. Kwakanga kuri madikanwa kushandisa mikana yakazaruka, uye mhomho yaifanira kuvagovera
A «chokwadi chitsva» cherudo chakawanikwa. Yakanga iri nhanho yekusava nehanya, yakangoerekana yakareruka, inofadza yehupenyu. Mafambiro erudo ave akajairika, achikura nekumhanya kusingafungidzirwe pasina kana kutenderera. Wechidiki, uyo mumakore iwayo akadzidza rudo, akasvetuka pamusoro perudo uye akawira mumaoko ekushora. Ini kana vezera rangu taive tisiri vechizvarwa ichi. Takanga tine makore 15-16 okukura, ndiko kuti, makore maviri kana matatu vaduku.
Gare gare, kuita sevadikani vane mamakisi makumi maviri muhomwe yedu, taiwanzoitira shanje vakura uye pane imwe nguva takatanga mitambo yerudo nemimwe mikana. Uye muna 20, takanga tichiri kungodongorera nepaburi rekiyi, asi kunyange izvozvo zvakanga zvakakwana kuita kuti munhuwi wenguva iyoyo urove mhino dzedu. Takasvika kuzororo iri, uko kupenga kunofadza kwakanga kuchiitika; apo vanhu vakakura, vanonetesa mweya nemuviri zvakaipa zvaitonga bhora; kwavainwa ruff kubva kwakasiyana siyana cocktails; takanzwa nyaya kubva kupwere dzati kurei uye takagamuchira kutsvoda kamwe kamwe, kunopisa kubva kumusikana akazvigadzira noushingi.
Paivewo nerimwe divi remari. Nhamba yevapemhi yakawedzera zuva nezuva. Zuva nezuva mimwe mishumo yokuzviuraya yaidhindwa.
Mabhodhi akazadzwa ne "Wanted!" kushambadza sokumbavha uye kuba zvakawedzera. Rimwe zuva ndakaona chembere - kana kuti, chembere - yakagara pabhenji mupaki yakatwasuka uye isinganyanyi kufamba. Boka duku revanhu rakanga ramuunganira. "Afa," akadaro mumwe mupfuuri. “Kubva kunzara,” mumwe akatsanangura kudaro. Izvi hazvina kunyatsondishamisa. Taivawo nenzara kumba.
Hongu, baba vangu vaive mumwe weavo vaisanzwisisa nguva yaive yasvika, kana kuti vaisada kunzwisisa. Saizvozvowo, akamboramba kunzwisisa hondo. Akavanda kubva kunguva dzinouya kuseri kwe sirogani "Mukuru wePrussia haaite nezviito!" uye havana kutenga migove. Panguva iyoyo, ndakaona izvi sokuratidzwa kwakajeka kwepfungwa dzakatetepa, dzaisapindirana zvakanaka nehunhu hwababa vangu, nekuti vaive mumwe wevanhu vakangwara vandati ndamboziva. Nhasi ndinomunzwisisa zviri nani. Nhasi ndinogona, kunyange mukuona shure, kugoverana kusemeswa uko baba vangu vakaramba nako «ose uku kushatirwa kwemazuva ano»; nhasi ndiri kunzwa kusemburwa kusingachinji kwababa vangu, kwakavanda kuseri kwetsananguro dzakati sandarara sekuti: haugone kuita zvausingakwanise kuita. Sezvineiwo, kushandiswa kunoshanda kweiyi nheyo yakakwirira pane dzimwe nguva kwakaderera kuva face. Farasi iyi yaigona kuva nhamo chaiyo dai amai vangu vakashaya nzira yekuenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu aigara achichinja.
Somugumisiro, izvi ndizvo zvaiita upenyu kubva kunze mumhuri yemukuru mukuru wePrussia. Pazuva rechimakumi matatu nerimwe kana rokutanga romwedzi woga woga, baba vangu vaigamuchira muhoro wavo wepamwedzi, wataingogara—maakaundi ebhangi uye madhipoziti mubhangi rokuchengetedza zvakabva zvadzikira. Muhoro uyu wainge wakura sei chaizvo, zvinonetsa kutaura; yaichinja-chinja kubva pamwedzi kuenda kumwedzi; imwe nguva miriyoni zana yakanga iri mari inoshamisa, imwe nguva hafu yebhirioni yakava yekuchinja homwe.
Chero zvazvingava, baba vangu vakaedza kutenga kadhi renjanji nokukurumidza kuti vagogona kufamba kuenda kubasa nokumba kwemwedzi wose, kunyange zvazvo nzendo dzezvitima zvepasi pevhu dzaireva kutsauka kwenguva refu uye nguva yakawanda yaipambadzwa. Ipapo mari yakachengetwa yerendi neyechikoro, uye masikati mhuri yakaenda kumugadziri webvudzi. Zvimwe zvese zvakapihwa amai vangu - uye zuva raitevera mhuri yese (kunze kwababa vangu) nemusikana webasa vaimuka naXNUMX kana XNUMX mangwanani voenda netekisi kuenda kuCentral Market. Kutenga kwakasimba kwakarongwa ipapo, uye mukati meawa muhoro wepamwedzi wekanzuru yehurumende chaiyo (oberregirungsrat) yakashandiswa pakutenga zvigadzirwa zvenguva refu. Giant cheeses, madenderedzwa emasoseji akaoma-kusvuta, masaga embatatisi - zvese izvi zvakaiswa mutekisi. Kana mumotokari makanga musina nzvimbo yakakwana, musikana webasa nomumwe wedu taitora chingoro chemaoko totakura girosari kumba. Panenge paawa resere, chikoro chisati chatanga, takadzoka kubva kuCentral Market tagadzirira kukomba kwemwedzi nemwedzi. Uye ndizvo chete!
Mwedzi wese takanga tisina kana mari. Mumwe mubiki aiziva hake akatipa chingwa nechikwereti. Uye saka tairarama nembatatisi, nyama yakasvuta, chikafu chemumagaba uye bouillon cubes. Dzimwe nguva taibhadharwa, asi kakawanda zvairatidza kuti taiva varombo kupfuura varombo. Takanga tisina kana mari yakakwana yetikiti retimu kana pepanhau. Handigoni kufungidzira kuti mhuri yedu ingadai yakararama sei kudai rumwe rudzi rwenhamo rwakanga rwawira patiri: chirwere chakakomba kana chimwe chinhu chakadaro.
Yakanga iri nguva yakaoma, isingafadzi kuvabereki vangu. Zvaiita sezvisingafadzi kwandiri. Nekuda kwerwendo rurefu rwekutenderera kumusha, baba vangu vaipedza yakawanda yenguva yavo vasiri pamba. Nekuda kweizvi, ndakawana maawa akawanda erusununguko rwakakwana, rusingadzoreki. Chokwadi, pakanga pasina pocket money, asi shamwari dzangu dzakura dzokuchikoro dzakava dzakapfuma mupfungwa chaiyoiyo yeshoko racho, hadzina kumboita kuti zvive zvakaoma kundikoka kuzororo rakapenga ravo.
Ndakarima kusava nehanya nehurombo hwaive pamba pedu nehupfumi hwevamwe vangu. Handina kugumbuka nezvekutanga uye handina kugodora chechipiri. Ndakangowana zvose zvinoshamisa uye zvinoshamisa. Muchokwadi, ini ipapo ndairarama chete chikamu che "Ini" yangu panguva ino, zvisinei kuti inonakidza uye inokwezva sei yakaedza kuve.
Pfungwa dzangu dzainyanya kufunga nezvenyika yemabhuku yandakanyura; nyika ino yakamedza huzhinji hwehupenyu hwangu nekuvapo
Ndakaverenga Buddenbrooks naTonio Kroeger, Niels Luhne naMalte Laurids Brigge, nhetembo naVerlaine, kutanga Rilke, Stefan George naHoffmannsthal, Mbudzi naFlaubert naDorian Grey naWilde, Flutes uye Daggers naHeinrich Manna.
Ndakange ndave kushanduka kuita munhu akafanana nevanhu vemumabhuku iwayo. Ndakava rudzi rwenyika-yakaneta, yakaora fin de siècle kutsvaka runako. Mumwe mukomana ane shavi, ane makore gumi nematanhatu okukura, akakura kunze kwesutu yake, akachekwa zvakaipa, ndakadzungaira mumigwagwa ine fivha, inopenga yekukwira kwemitengo yeBerlin, ndichizvifungidzira iye zvino seMann patrician, zvino seWilde dandy. Kuzvifunga uku hakuna kumbopokana nenyaya yekuti mumangwanani ezuva rimwe chetero ini, pamwe chete nemusikana webasa, takatakura chingoro chemaoko nedenderedzwa rechizi nemasaga embatatisi.
Manzwiro aya akanga asina kururama zvachose here? Dzaiverengwa chete here? Zviripachena kuti wechidiki ane makore gumi nematanhatu kubva mukuvhuvhu kusvika kumatsutso anowanzo kujaira kuneta, kushaya tariro, kufinhwa uye kuora mwoyo, asi isu hatina kuona zvakakwana - ndinoreva isu nevanhu vakaita seni - zvatokwana kuti titarise nyika nekuneta. , kusava nechokwadi, kusava nehanya, kunyomba zvishoma kuti tiwane matiri maitiro aThomas Buddenbrock kana Tonio Kröger? Munguva yedu yapfuura, kwakava nehondo huru, ndiko kuti, mutambo mukuru wehondo, uye kuvhunduka kwakakonzerwa nemigumisiro yayo, pamwe chete nokudzidzira basa rezvamatongerwe enyika munguva yechimurenga izvo zvakaodza mwoyo zvikuru vazhinji.
Zvino takanga tiri vaoni uye vatori vechikamu muchiono chezuva nezuva chokuputsika kwemitemo yose yenyika, kubhuroka kwavanhu vakare noruzivo rwavo rwenyika. Isu takapa mutero kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvinopokana zvinotendwa nezvatinotenda. Kwenguva yakati takanga tave vanyanyisi, ipapo vezvenyika, uye kunyange gare gare takapesvedzerwa neMarxism (chiitiko chakafanana nedzidzo yevatano: zvose Marxism nedzidzo yevatano zvakanga zvisiri pamutemo, mumwe angatoti haabvumirwi nemutemo; zvose Marxism uye dzidzo yezvepabonde zvakashandisa nzira dzinovhundutsa dzedzidzo. uye akaita chikanganiso chimwe uye chimwechete: kufunga chikamu chakakosha zvikuru, chakarambwa netsika dzevanhu, pamwe chete - rudo mune imwe nyaya, nhoroondo mune imwe). Rufu rwaRathenau rwakatidzidzisa chidzidzo chine utsinye, zvichiratidza kuti kunyange munhu mukuru anofa, uye "Hondo yeRuhr" yakatidzidzisa kuti zvose zvinangwa zvakanaka uye mabasa asina chokwadi "zvakamedzwa" nenzanga zviri nyore.
Paiva nechimwe chinhu chaigona kukurudzira chizvarwa chedu here? Mushure mezvose, kurudziro ndiyo runako rwehupenyu hwevechidiki. Hapana chakasara kunze kwekuyemura runako rusingaperi runopisa mumavhesi aGeorge naHoffmannsthal; hapana chinhu kunze kwekusava nechokwadi kwekuzvikudza uye, zvechokwadi, kuda zviroto. Kusvikira panguva iyoyo, hapana musikana akanga asati amutsa rudo rwangu, asi ndakaita ushamwari nejaya raigoverana mirangariro yangu uye fungidziro dzebhuku. Yakanga iri iyo inenge pathological, ethereal, inotya, hukama hwechido uhwo chete varume vechidiki vanogona, uyezve kusvikira vasikana vanyatsopinda muupenyu hwavo. Kugona kwehukama hwakadaro kunopera nekukurumidza.
Taifarira kufamba mumigwagwa kwemaawa akawanda tabva kuchikoro; tichidzidza kuti dhora rekutsinhanisa rakachinja sei, tichitsinhana mashoko akasununguka pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwe enyika, takakurumidza kukanganwa pamusoro peizvi zvose ndokutanga kukurukura mabhuku tichifara. Takaisa mutemo pakufamba kwese kuti tinyatsoongorora bhuku idzva ratakanga tichangobva kuverenga. Tizere nemanyawi anotyisa, tichitya takabvunzurudza mweya yemumwe nemumwe. Ifivha yekukwira kwemitengo yainge ichitekeshera kumativi ose, nzanga yakanga ichiparadzana nekuoneka kwenyama, nyika yeGerman yakanga ichishanduka kuita matongo pamberi pemeso edu, uye zvese zvaingova kumashure kwekufunga kwedu kwakadzama, ngatitii, nezvehunhu hwehunyanzvi, nezve. kana utera hwetsika nekuora zvinogamuchirwa kune nyanzvi.
Uye chaive kumashure kwakadini - zvisingambofungidzike zvisingakanganwiki!
Dudziro: Nikita Eliseev, rakapepetwa naGalina Snezhinskaya
. Book of Ivan Limbach Publishing House.